![\"\"](\"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/15\/HAVELSK\u00c9-POSV\u00cdCEN\u00cd-NA-\u0160UMAV\u011a.jpg\")
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POSV\u00cdCEN\u00cd<\/strong> Kdy\u017e se ve vlah\u00e9m \u0159\u00edjnov\u00e9m pov\u011bt\u0159\u00ed vzn\u00e1\u0161ely pavu\u010diny bab\u00edho l\u00e9ta (p\u0159adena Panny Marie, \u0161umavsk\u00fd zastaral\u00fd v\u00fdraz), bylo tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc za dve\u0159mi zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 u\u017e tak\u00e9 Havelsk\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed. Slavili ho stejn\u011b v m\u011bste\u010dk\u00e1ch, ve vs\u00edch i na samot\u00e1ch. Tak dva t\u0159i dny p\u0159edt\u00edm nem\u011bl u\u017e nijak\u00fd mu\u017e v p\u0159eds\u00edni \u010di sv\u011btnici co pohled\u00e1vat, pon\u011bvad\u017e \u017eensk\u00e9 m\u011bly pln\u00e9 ruce pr\u00e1ce s b\u00edlen\u00edm, \u00faklidem, sm\u00fd\u010den\u00edm a par\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm. Zat\u00edmco dcery a d\u011bve\u010dky opra\u0161ovaly nebo om\u00fdvaly ka\u017edi\u010dk\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt v dom\u011b, zab\u00fdvala se u\u017e matka p\u0159\u00edpravou sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch krm\u00ed. Va\u0159ila, pekla a sma\u017eila od \u010dasn\u00e9ho r\u00e1na do pozdn\u00edho ve\u010dera. Na posv\u00edcen\u00ed – ne, to se nedalo vystavit snad pomluv\u00e1m, \u017ee j\u00eddlo nen\u00ed dost dobr\u00e9 \u010di dokonce, \u017ee ho bylo m\u00e1lo. \u0160umavan\u00e9 slavili mnoho sv\u00e1tk\u016f. Jedn\u00edm opravdu kr\u00e1sn\u00fdm bylo posv\u00edcen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipadalo na prvn\u00ed ned\u011bli po sv\u00e1tku sv. Havla, kter\u00fd byl 16. \u0159\u00edjna. V \u010detn\u00fdch farnostech se slavilo posv\u00edcen\u00ed dvoj\u00ed: tak \u0159e\u010den\u00e1 “pou\u0165”, a pak je\u0161t\u011b “Havelsk\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed”, mnohde rozli\u0161ovan\u00e9 jako velk\u00e9 a mal\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed.<\/p>\n Podle legendy slavil prvn\u00ed posv\u00edcen\u00ed \u0160alamoun, kdy\u017e sv\u011btil sv\u016fj chr\u00e1m v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok v ten stejn\u00fd den pak po\u0159\u00e1dal hostinu pro sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1tele na po\u010dest vysv\u011bcen\u00ed chr\u00e1mu. Jak ji\u017e tato legenda nazna\u010duje, posv\u00edcen\u00ed byla v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed slavnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se slavila v ned\u011bli p\u0159ed nebo po sv\u00e1tku sv\u011btce, jemu\u017e byl zasv\u011bcen m\u00edstn\u00ed kostel. St\u0159edov\u011bk spojen\u00fd s k\u0159es\u0165anskou v\u00edrou tuto tradici vd\u011b\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ebral. Dostavba kostela byla toti\u017e v\u017edy mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed pro celou vesnici. Lid\u00e9 v\u011bnovali m\u00edstn\u00edmu kostelu mnoho pen\u011bz a d\u0159iny, proto\u017ee se stal kulturn\u00edm a spole\u010densk\u00fdm centrem obce a r\u00e1zem vyzvedla jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n Po celou dobu st\u0159edov\u011bku a velkou \u010d\u00e1st v\u011bku nov\u00e9ho bylo tedy \u201eposv\u011bcen\u00ed\u201c ud\u00e1lost\u00ed opravdu v\u00fdjime\u010dnou. A proto\u017ee se slavilo v ka\u017ed\u00e9 farnosti v jinou dobu, lid\u00e9 nav\u0161t\u011bvovali posv\u00edcen\u00ed konan\u00e1 v okoln\u00edch obc\u00edch, aby nav\u0161t\u00edvili p\u0159\u00e1tele a p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9, dob\u0159e pojedli a odpo\u010dinuli si od pr\u00e1ce. Lid\u00e9 se bavili, pracovn\u00ed mor\u00e1lka trp\u011bla. A tak c\u00edsa\u0159 Franti\u0161ek Josef II. sjednotil oslavy v cel\u00e9 zemi t\u00edm, \u017ee na\u0159\u00eddil slavit posv\u00edcen\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed ned\u011bli v \u0159\u00edjnu, po sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9ho Havla. Tentokr\u00e1t se monarcha ov\u0161em trochu p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtal: poslu\u0161n\u00ed poddan\u00ed sice p\u0159ijali na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s nad\u0161en\u00edm a \u201ec\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 hody\u201c neboli havelsk\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed d\u016fkladn\u011b oslavili, sv\u00e1 m\u00edstn\u00ed posv\u00edcen\u00ed ov\u0161em zachovali…<\/p>\n Posv\u00edcen\u00ed toti\u017e pat\u0159ilo k nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u00e1tk\u016fm, j\u00edm\u017e venkovan\u00e9 z\u00e1rove\u0148 oslavovali ukon\u010den\u00ed poln\u00edch prac\u00ed. V tomto obdob\u00ed byl u\u017e byl nov\u00fd m\u00e1k do buchet, z\u00e1soba \u010derstv\u00e9 mouky a vajec, zral\u00e9 \u0161vestky na povidla a vykrmen\u00e9 husy na pek\u00e1\u010d, zkr\u00e1tka ide\u00e1ln\u00ed doba na po\u0159\u00e1dnou hostinu. Nav\u00edc se bl\u00ed\u017eil advent a s n\u00edm dlouh\u00fd p\u016fst, tak\u017ee si na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b u\u017e\u00edvali v\u0161eho, \u010deho m\u011bli m\u00e1lo po cel\u00fd zbyl\u00fd rok.<\/p>\n Jak patrno ze star\u00fdch kronik, ob\u011b tato posv\u00edcen\u00ed pr\u00fd b\u00fdvala sv\u00e1tkem sv\u00e1tk\u016f. Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed kronik\u00e1\u0159: nebylo snad chalupy, kde by se v tyto dny obe\u0161li bez kol\u00e1\u010d\u016f a masa, i kdyby pr\u00fd ani na s\u016fl nem\u011bli. O posv\u00edcen\u00ed byl poho\u0161t\u011bn ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo p\u0159i\u0161el do domu. Muselo se dodr\u017eovat po\u0159ekadlo \u201eHost do domu, B\u016fh do domu.\u201c Pozv\u00e1ni byli p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed, far\u00e1\u0159, kantor, kosteln\u00edk. P\u0159ich\u00e1zeli na hostinu i \u0159emesln\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed pro sedl\u00e1ky pracovali. Na posv\u00edcen\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li nejen pozvan\u00ed host\u00e9, ale posv\u00edcen\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvali nejen r\u016fzn\u00ed potuln\u00ed vandr\u00e1ci, tul\u00e1ci, \u017eebr\u00e1ci, komedianti, opilci, pobudov\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 pan\u0161t\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci, holomci a slu\u017eebnictvo ze z\u00e1mk\u016f.<\/p>\n Tak\u017ee ke vsi, kde se pr\u00e1v\u011b konalo posv\u00edcen\u00ed, v ned\u011bli p\u0159ed polednem n\u011bkdy t\u00e1hlo cel\u00e9 proces\u00ed hladov\u00fdch krk\u016f a mlsn\u00fdch jazyk\u016f. Nejdrzej\u0161\u00ed byli ti ze z\u00e1mku. Rozb\u011bhli se po vsi, vpadli do kuchyn\u00ed a ne\u010dekali, a\u017e jim j\u00eddlo bude nab\u00eddnuto nebo bude na stole, ale rovnou zam\u00ed\u0159ili k pek\u00e1\u010di a vyb\u00edrali nejlep\u0161\u00ed kusy pe\u010den\u011b a cpali kol\u00e1\u010de do kapes. A pokra\u010dovali do dal\u0161\u00edho staven\u00ed. O posv\u00edcen\u00ed se dve\u0159e u sedl\u00e1k\u016f \u201enetrhly\u201c.<\/p>\n P\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed ned\u011bli ti sam\u00ed nezvan\u00ed host\u00e9 ob\u0161\u0165astnili svou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvou zas jinou ves. V pond\u011bl\u00ed byla pou\u0165 a po n\u00ed se konala z\u00e1bava nazvan\u00e1 p\u011bkn\u00e1 neboli zlat\u00e1 hodinka, co\u017e znamenalo, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 se\u0161li v hospod\u011b s rozsv\u00edcen\u00fdmi sv\u00ed\u010dkami. N\u011bkde se dodr\u017euje dodnes. V \u00fater\u00fd pak prob\u011bhla takzvan\u00e1 sousedsk\u00e1 z\u00e1bava, kter\u00e1 byla ur\u010dena p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro star\u0161\u00ed ob\u010dany. V pond\u011bl\u00ed se tak\u00e9 n\u011bkde odehr\u00e1valy ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 popravy zv\u011b\u0159e, n\u011bkde kohouta, jinde berana nebo dokonce shazovali kozla ze sk\u00e1ly nebo z kostela. Jejich maso se pak v hospod\u011b ve\u010der upeklo a sn\u011bdlo. Posv\u00edcensk\u00e1 z\u00e1bava pak kon\u010dila v\u011bt\u0161inou oslavou v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed ned\u011bli, \u0159\u00edkalo se j\u00ed mlad\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed. Samotn\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed bylo stejn\u011b jako masopust d\u00edky hojnosti j\u00eddla obl\u00edbenou dobou pro kon\u00e1n\u00ed svateb. Kon\u00e1 se dodnes, n\u011bkde ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e, jinde v men\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n St\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed kohouta b\u00fdvalo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm posv\u00edcenskou kratochv\u00edl\u00ed a odb\u00fdvalo se v pond\u011bl\u00ed. Je to starod\u00e1vn\u00fd zvyk. Po opakovan\u00fdch z\u00e1kazech jeho kon\u00e1n\u00ed se usmrcen\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e9ho zv\u00ed\u0159ete zm\u011bnilo v pouh\u00fd n\u00e1znak st\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed.Dnes se zde s touto tradic\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme setkat u\u017e jen v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b. Ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 c\u00edrkevn\u00ed ideologie zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd kladn\u00fd postoj ke kohoutovi v\u011bdom\u011b potla\u010dila, u\u010dinila z ope\u0159ence symbol smilstva, hn\u011bvivosti, hlouposti a sv\u00e1rlivosti, a spojila ho se satanem. St\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed kohouta se prov\u00e1d\u011blo v\u011bt\u0161inou b\u011bhem posv\u00edcen\u00ed. S\u00e1m oby\u010dej je velmi star\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, i kdy\u017e nejstar\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy poch\u00e1zej\u00ed a\u017e ze 17. stolet\u00ed. Podle popisu se ml\u00e1de\u017e p\u0159estrojila za voj\u00e1ky, n\u011bkolik ml\u00e1denc\u016f p\u0159ivedlo na dlouh\u00fdch tkanic\u00edch uv\u00e1zan\u00e9ho kohouta. U \u201epopravi\u0161t\u011b\u201c se mu p\u0159e\u010detl rozsudek, prov\u00e1zen\u00fd \u017eerty a posm\u011b\u0161ky, nakonec mu \u201ekat\u201c usekl kosou hlavu. V tu chv\u00edli ale \u201ekat\u201c za\u010dal ut\u00edkat, co mu s\u00edly sta\u010dily, aby ho p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed div\u00e1ci nechytili. Po st\u011bt\u00ed kohouta se vraceli venkovan\u00e9 do hostince, kde pr\u00fd pili a hodovali jako v ned\u011bli.<\/p>\n \u201eOcas ten m\u016fj chvost nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, A\u0165 m\u00e1 myslivec nejudatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed,<\/em> \u0158ada starobyl\u00fdch oby\u010dej\u016f ji\u017e d\u00e1vno vymizela, nebo se zachovala v pozm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b. Dnes je m\u00e1me zachov\u00e1ny d\u00edky b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed star\u00fdch etnograf\u016f a kulturn\u00edch historik\u016f. Tyto zvyky a tradice se n\u00e1m zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt mnohdy krut\u00fdmi a tak\u00e9 krut\u00fdmi byly. Snad pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee jde o ohlasy prastar\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch ob\u0159ad\u016f, p\u0159i nich\u017e hr\u00e1la ob\u011b\u0165, a\u0165 ji\u017e zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed nebo dokonce lidsk\u00e1, hlavn\u00ed \u00falohu. V pozm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b p\u0159e\u0161ly tyto ritu\u00e1ly z\u0159ejm\u011b i do d\u011btsk\u00fdch her. Modern\u00ed doba v\u0161ak slavnostn\u00edm kol\u00e1\u010d\u016fm, posv\u00edcensk\u00fdm hus\u00e1m i hodovn\u00edm ryb\u00e1m notn\u011b ukrojila z jejich d\u00e1vn\u00e9 popularity. I kdy\u017e ne v\u0161ude. Zat\u00edmco ve m\u011bstech kraje oby\u010dej slaven\u00ed posv\u00edcen\u00ed, vymizel u\u017e za prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, v mnoh\u00fdch vs\u00edch se slav\u00ed ona podzimn\u00ed slavnost d\u00edk\u016fvzd\u00e1n\u00ed dodnes. A m\u00e1lokdo p\u0159itom dnes u\u017e v\u00ed, zda se v jeho vsi neslav\u00ed to \u00fa\u0159edn\u011b nikdy nezru\u0161en\u00e9 – “svatohavelsk\u00e9” po 16. \u0159\u00edjnu – posv\u00edcen\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9…<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Zdroj: <\/strong>(POSV\u00cdCEN\u00cd Plicka, K., Svolinsk\u00fd, K., Volf, F. 1954) www.recepty. cz Z\u00cdBRT, \u010c. Vesel\u00e9 chv\u00edle v \u017eivot\u011b lidu \u010desk\u00e9ho. Praha: Vy\u0161ehrad<\/p>\n<\/div>\n P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" POSV\u00cdCEN\u00cd <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":358874,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/15\/ram-havelske.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143049"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=143049"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143049\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":358873,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143049\/revisions\/358873"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/358874"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=143049"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=143049"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=143049"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nU\u017e m\u00e1me posv\u00edcen\u00ed, za dve\u0159mi v s\u00edni.<\/em>
\n Jdeme pro \u0159ezn\u00edka, a\u0165 bije svini.
\nVoda se va\u0159\u00ed, z m\u011bd\u011bnce sk\u00e1\u010de
\na zejtra zas budeme d\u011blat kol\u00e1\u010de.
\nA co jich nape\u010dem, to po dvou pec\u00edch,
\nty je pak roznese\u0161, Va\u0161ku po strejc\u00edch.
\nKdy\u017e p\u0159ijde\u0161 do domu, dej pozdraven\u00ed:
\n\u017ee je zvem oba dva na posv\u00edcen\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\nKr\u00e1sn\u00e9 podzimn\u00ed tradice na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f se bohu\u017eel \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nebo \u00fapln\u011b vytr\u00e1cej\u00ed. Proto je velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 si je p\u0159ipom\u00ednat, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b sna\u017eit se alespo\u0148 n\u011bjak\u00e9 ty st\u0159\u00edpky zachr\u00e1nit.<\/h6>\n
\n M\u00e9 nohy darujte chromc\u016fm, m\u00e9 ostruhy kyrysar\u016fm a m\u00e9 v\u0159el\u00e9 srdce milenc\u016fm,<\/em>
\n h\u0159eben do vlas\u016f pann\u00e1m, jazyk jedovat\u00fd bab\u00e1m,<\/em>
\n M\u00e9 o\u010di a\u0165 dostanou kr\u00e1tkozrac\u00ed, by nenosili br\u00fdle pro legraci,<\/em>
\n A ten m\u016fj ch\u0159t\u00e1n s pl\u00edcemi, a\u0165 obdr\u017e\u00ed zp\u011bv\u00e1k kosteln\u00ed,<\/em>
\n M\u00e9 maso dob\u0159e upe\u010den\u00e9, a\u0165 je mezi hosty rozd\u011blen\u00e9,<\/em>
\n Nu\u017ee ml\u00e1denci a panny a vy t\u00e9\u017e ostatn\u00ed s n\u00e1mi,<\/em>
\n K \u0161enku se te\u010f p\u0159ito\u010dte a pak se v kole vesel\u00e9m zato\u010dte.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n
\n