{"id":141702,"date":"2019-10-24T14:26:50","date_gmt":"2019-10-24T13:26:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=141702"},"modified":"2019-10-24T14:26:50","modified_gmt":"2019-10-24T13:26:50","slug":"stara-sumava-harfenici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=141702","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Harfen\u00edci"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Posp\u011b\u0161te sem, pachol\u00e1tka s d\u011bv\u010daty,<\/em>
\n sta\u0159ec bude v\u00e1m p\u0159i harf\u011b zp\u00edvati.<\/em>
\n Do minul\u00fdch \u010das\u016f hled\u00ed jeho duch –<\/em>
\n pop\u0159ejte mu pozorliv\u00fd v\u0161ickni sluch…<\/em><\/p>\n

Harfa pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1stroj\u016fm na sv\u011bt\u011b. Od chv\u00edle, kdy \u010dlov\u011bk brnknul na t\u011btivu luku, aby doprovodil svou p\u00edse\u0148, od toho \u010dasu prov\u00e1z\u00ed harfa \u010dlov\u011bka a jeho p\u00edse\u0148 na cest\u00e1ch, sd\u00edl\u00ed s n\u00edm radosti i strasti. Lidov\u00e1 harfa je v \u010cech\u00e1ch t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nezn\u00e1ma, ale u\u017e na z\u00e1pad od n\u00e1s je velk\u00fdm pojmem. Tento druh se hojn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b pod n\u00e1zvem \u010desk\u00e1 h\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1 harfa.<\/h6>\n

Ke konci 19. stolet\u00ed existovala cel\u00e1 \u0159ada harfenick\u00fdch band, z nich\u017e nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00edtala a\u017e 60 hudebn\u00edk\u016f. Putovali a hr\u00e1li po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b a dost\u00e1vali se a\u017e do \u010c\u00edny a Japonska. Bohu\u017eel harfen\u00edci nem\u011bli dobrou pov\u011bst. \u010casto vedli potuln\u00fd \u010di \u017eebrav\u00fd \u017eivot, kter\u00fd se neslu\u010doval s tehdej\u0161\u00ed upjatou mor\u00e1lkou a to vedlo k jejich likvidaci. Snaha o vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed od band toulav\u00fdch co na harfy hudlaj\u00ed a po vesnic\u00edch \u017eebraj\u00ed vedla tak daleko, \u017ee byl tento n\u00e1stroj dokonale vymaz\u00e1n z pam\u011bti \u010cech\u016f a dnes u\u017e jen m\u00e1lokdo tu\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee i v \u010desk\u00fdch kraj\u00edch pat\u0159ila harfa mezi tradi\u010dn\u00ed lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje. Jen ti nejstar\u0161\u00ed mezi n\u00e1mi se je\u0161t\u011b dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rozpomenout na ty zp\u011bv\u00e1ck\u00e9 skupiny, kter\u00e9 na sv\u00e9 cest\u011b do n\u011bmeck\u00fdch zem\u00ed na ja\u0159e m\u00edjely i na\u0161e \u0161umavsk\u00e9 kouty.<\/p>\n

U\u017e p\u0159ed prvou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou se projevoval \u00fastup t\u011bchto harfenist\u016f a zp\u011bv\u00e1k\u016f, jejich\u017e vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed zapo\u010dalo. Politick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti p\u0159ed tou druhou ze sv\u011btov\u00fdch v\u00e1lek a vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161umavsk\u00fdch N\u011bmc\u016f v letech po n\u00ed smazaly i posledn\u00ed stopy po t\u011bchto zp\u011bv\u00e1ck\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u00fazem\u00ed zauj\u00edmala v \u0161umavsk\u00e9m regionu oblast n\u011bmeck\u00e1. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 \u0161umavsk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 hudba a p\u00edse\u0148 se podob\u00e1 hudb\u011b st\u0159edn\u00edho Bavorska, je v n\u00ed ov\u0161em tak\u00e9 patrn\u00fd vliv Rakouska, zejm\u00e9na region\u016f Horn\u00ed Rakousy, Tyrolska \u010di Korutan. Charakteristick\u00e1 je pro ni melodika zalo\u017een\u00e1 na akordick\u00fdch stupn\u00edch, dosahuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dasto falzetov\u00e9ho rejst\u0159\u00edku.<\/p>\n

V p\u00edsn\u00edch p\u0159eva\u017euje milostn\u00e1 t\u00e9matika \u010di op\u011bvov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch prac\u00ed. Po desetilet\u00ed n\u00e1le\u017eej\u00ed \u0161umav\u0161t\u00ed harfenist\u00e9, muzikantsk\u00e9 rodiny onoho i na\u0161eho lesn\u00edho poho\u0159\u00ed, u\u017e jen minulosti. Jen ti nejstar\u0161\u00ed mezi n\u00e1mi se je\u0161t\u011b dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rozpomenout na ty zp\u011bv\u00e1ck\u00e9 skupiny, kter\u00e9 na sv\u00e9 cest\u011b do n\u011bmeck\u00fdch zem\u00ed na ja\u0159e m\u00edjely i na\u0161e kouty. U\u017e p\u0159ed prvou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou se projevoval \u00fastup t\u011bchto harfenist\u016f a zp\u011bv\u00e1k\u016f, jejich\u017e vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed zapo\u010dalo.<\/p>\n

Na p\u0159elomu devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho a dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ely hru na harfu i bohat\u00fd poklad p\u00edsn\u00ed ze \u0160umavy do sv\u011bta dv\u011b rodiny, kter\u00e9 byly zn\u00e1my, ct\u011bny a vysoce uzn\u00e1v\u00e1ny. Byly to \u0161umavsk\u00e9 rodiny Josefa Pribila z Kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edch Pl\u00e1n\u00ed (F\u00fcrstenhut) a Jakoba Elendera z Horsk\u00e9 Kvildy (Innergefild). Kdy\u017e se dcera Jakoba Elendera provdala za Josefa Pribila, rodiny se staly p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi navz\u00e1jem. Kdy\u017e na \u0161umavsk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch le\u017eel je\u0161t\u011b sn\u00edh, odch\u00e1zela rodina Pribilova ze sv\u00e9 vsi Kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00ed Pl\u00e1n\u011b na ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed vandr, otec a matka Pribilovi se svou dcerkou a dv\u011bma chlapci. M\u011bli v\u017edycky stejnou cestu, kter\u00e1 vedla p\u0159es Bavorsk\u00fd les, Franky a Por\u00fdn\u00ed \u010dasto a\u017e do belgick\u00e9ho Ostende. V ranc\u00edch si nesli harfu, housle, cimb\u00e1l a kytaru a v srdc\u00edch bohatou a nevy\u010derpatelnou pokladnici \u0161umavsk\u00fdch p\u00edsn\u00ed, melancholick\u00e9 n\u00e1p\u011bvy, z nich\u017e zazn\u00edval stesk po domov\u011b. Um\u011bli se ov\u0161em p\u0159izp\u016fsobit vkusu sv\u00e9ho publika, a tak mezi t\u00edm v\u0161\u00edm nemohlo nedoj\u00edt na polku, \u0161oty\u0161 a dnes zapomenut\u00fd “harfenlandler”, sousedsk\u00e1 s doprovodem harfy. Po dvacet let se \u0161uma\u0159sk\u00e1 rodina Pribilova vyd\u00e1vala ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b na pou\u0165 do sv\u011bta. Doma nav\u0161t\u011bvovaly d\u011bti v zim\u011b vesnickou \u0161kolu, v l\u00e9t\u011b se v\u0161ak na \u0161uma\u0159sk\u00fdch putov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010dili rodi\u010de s d\u011btmi \u010dten\u00ed a psan\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b a sv\u00fdm d\u011btem p\u0159ed\u00e1vali i to v\u0161echno, s \u010d\u00edm se ve sv\u011bt\u011b sezn\u00e1mili.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm snad \u0161umavsk\u00fdm potuln\u00fdm zp\u011bv\u00e1kem a \u0161uma\u0159em byl Jakob Elender z Horsk\u00e9 Kvildy (Innergefild). Byl to bohat\u00fd, talentem obda\u0159en\u00fd muzikantsk\u00fd a zp\u011bv\u00e1ck\u00fd \u017eivot, by\u0165 i s koncem pln\u00fdm tragiky! Ned\u00e1 se u\u017e nic zjistit o jeho d\u011btstv\u00ed a ml\u00e1d\u00ed na Horsk\u00e9 Kvild\u011b. A\u017e do dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch let byl v\u0161ak Jakob Elender zn\u00e1m na ji\u017en\u00ed stran\u011b \u0160umavy coby star\u00fd potuln\u00fd \u0161uma\u0159, kter\u00fd si s\u00e1m vyr\u00e1b\u011bl i n\u00e1stroje, na kter\u00e9 hr\u00e1l, a tak\u00e9 v tom byl nepochybn\u00fdm mistrem. Se svou \u017eenou a dv\u011bma sv\u00fdmi dcerami konal ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b stejnou cestu p\u0159es \u017deleznou Rudu (Eisenstein), Zwiesel d\u00e1l na Cham a do Horn\u00ed Falce, Saska a ze sask\u00e9 metropole Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fany (Dresden) a\u017e do \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Berl\u00edna.<\/p>\n

Strm\u00e1 byla i jejich cesta vzh\u016fru od bezejmenn\u00fdch pouli\u010dn\u00edch \u0161uma\u0159\u016f ke skupin\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 pod jm\u00e9nem B\u00f6hmerwald-S\u00e4ngergruppe, kter\u00e1 sv\u00e1 koncertn\u00ed vystoupen\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b ohla\u0161oval a vyb\u00edrala na nich vstupn\u00e9. Elender\u016fv st\u00e1le zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed talent, projevuj\u00edc\u00ed se zejm\u00e9na jeho dovednost\u00ed ve h\u0159e na harfu, vynucoval si bedlivou pozornost poslucha\u010d\u016f, sleduj\u00edc\u00edch i p\u011bst\u011bn\u00e9 hlasy jeho rodinn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f do n\u00ed vpadaj\u00edc\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 pot\u00e9, kdy\u017e se jeho dcera provdala za Josefa Pribila, provozovali d\u00e1l sv\u00e1 vystoupen\u00ed takto ve t\u0159ech. Osud v\u0161ak Elendera t\u011b\u017ece zas\u00e1hl, kdy\u017e kolem p\u0159elomu stolet\u00ed zem\u0159ela matka jeho dcer na plicn\u00ed chorobu.<\/p>\n

P\u011btadvacetilet\u00e1 dcera Anna se rovn\u011b\u017e provdala za jednoho v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9ho hudebn\u00edka a Jakob Elender tu n\u00e1hlestanul docela s\u00e1m. Vr\u00e1til se na \u0160umavu do sv\u00e9 chalupy. Zkou\u0161el \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed s v\u00fdrobou hudebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, ale jako n\u00e1pl\u0148 \u017eivota ho to uspokojit neposta\u010dovalo. Kdy\u017e se to kolem chalupy v les\u00edch za\u010dalo zelenat a i Elenderova t\u0159e\u0161e\u0148 u staven\u00ed vyrazila b\u00edl\u00fdmi kv\u011bty, musel zase n\u011bkam p\u0159es hory. Vzal ruksak s harfou zase na z\u00e1da, daleko v\u0161ak nedo\u0161el. Nohy u\u017e necht\u011bly poslouchat. P\u0159es Bavorsk\u00fd les se dostal do dolnobavorsk\u00e9 G\u00e4u, “obiln\u00e1 s\u00fdpka” Bavorska kolem toku Dunaje a potloukal se tu po l\u00e9ta od m\u00edsta k m\u00edstu. I b\u011bhem prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky tu hr\u00e1l a zp\u00edval. V\u017edycky jen s\u00e1m, chv\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm se hlasem a za trpkou almu\u017enu.<\/p>\n

Po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce i tady ov\u0161em nastaly zl\u00e9 \u010dasy. \u0160umava p\u0159estala nav\u00edc pat\u0159it k Rakousku a pro Jakoba Elendera p\u0159ipadla ciz\u00edmu st\u00e1tu, se kter\u00fdm necht\u011bl m\u00edt nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. Domov jako by pro n\u011bho p\u0159estal existovat. T\u00e1hl jako sedmdes\u00e1tilet\u00fd sta\u0159ec z Pasova do Chamu, zp\u00edval sv\u00e9 teskn\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b p\u0159i harf\u011b, kter\u00e1 u\u017e m\u011bla pouh\u00e9 t\u0159i struny. Tak ho znali je\u0161t\u011b ve dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch letech v Bavorsk\u00e9m lese; jako star\u00e9ho potuln\u00e9ho \u0161uma\u0159e ctihodn\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159e s vlaj\u00edc\u00edm plnovousem, ruksak s harfou na z\u00e1dech, s prsty na rukou s\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b ohebn\u00fdmi a odp\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edmi poslu\u0161nost. \u010casto m\u011bl o\u010di pln\u00e9 ho\u0159k\u00fdch slz\u00ed. On, kdysi slavn\u00fd um\u011blec, ve h\u0159e na harfu ze \u0161uma\u0159\u016f ten nejlep\u0161\u00ed, \u010dlov\u011bk v\u017edy ochotn\u00fd pomoci, kde jen mohl, plat\u00edc\u00ed pivo vandrovn\u00edm tovary\u0161\u016fm, se kter\u00fdmi se potk\u00e1val na cest\u00e1ch. Jakob Elender jednoho dne zmizel bez jak\u00e9koli stopy. Cht\u011bl asi doj\u00edt do sv\u00e9 \u0161umavsk\u00e9 vsi, aby mohl p\u0159ece jen skonat tam doma.<\/p>\n

Tak skon\u010dil \u017eivot dvou rodin \u0161umavsk\u00fdch harfenist\u016f, nakolik se d\u00e1 co o n\u011bm v\u016fbec zjistit.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Tief im B\u00f6hmerwald”: Innergefild – Inergefilder Gemeindechronik (2004), s. 100-102 Jakob Elender a dv\u011b rodiny harfenist\u016f ze \u0160umavy, autor p\u0159eklad\u016f a \u010desk\u00fdch text\u016f Jan Mare\u0161, Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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