{"id":14131,"date":"2017-02-24T06:12:10","date_gmt":"2017-02-24T05:12:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=14131"},"modified":"2017-02-26T16:47:59","modified_gmt":"2017-02-26T15:47:59","slug":"drevene-boty-drevaky-na-sumave-se-vyrabely-od-nepameti-az-do-dvacateho-stoleti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=14131","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: D\u0159ev\u00e1ky se na \u0160umav\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bly od nepam\u011bti, tradici st\u00e1le udr\u017euj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b na Volarsku"},"content":{"rendered":"

V jedn\u00e9 z nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010desk\u00fdch \u0161umavsk\u00fdch p\u00edsn\u00ed se zp\u00edv\u00e1: “Kdyby se d\u0159ev\u00e1\u010dky \u0161n\u011brovaly-aly, \u0161n\u011brovaly-aly, \u0161n\u011brovaly, tak by je panenky kupovaly-aly, kupovaly-aly, kupovaly\u2026\u201c<\/em> D\u011bv\u010data p\u0159i n\u00ed tancuj\u00ed tanec zvan\u00fd \u201ed\u0159ev\u00e1k\u201c, se d\u0159ev\u00e1ky nejprve klapou v ruk\u00e1ch a posl\u00e9ze rytmicky podup\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Dodnes maj\u00ed p\u00edse\u0148 v reperto\u00e1ru mnoh\u00e9 folklorn\u00ed soubory v Po\u0161umav\u00ed. Dokonce i u Prahy se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201eKdo chce b\u00fdt starostou v Male\u0161ici, mus\u00ed m\u00edt d\u0159ev\u00e1ky na petlici.\u201c<\/em> P\u0159itom v \u010cech\u00e1ch nejde dnes v\u016fbec o n\u00e1rodn\u00ed obuv \u2013 nap\u0159. ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s Nizozem\u00edm. M\u00e1lokdo ale v\u00ed, jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a tradi\u010dn\u00ed d\u0159ev\u00e1ky byly pro \u017eivot na \u0160umav\u011b a jej\u00edm podh\u016f\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na \u0160umav\u011b se vyr\u00e1b\u011bly od nepam\u011bti, a\u017e do 20. stolet\u00ed. \u0160lo o celod\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 boty, kter\u00e9 byly ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed od\u011bvu star\u00fdch \u0160umavan\u016f. P\u016fvodn\u011b se vyr\u00e1b\u011bly z tvrd\u00e9ho d\u0159eva listnat\u00fdch strom\u016f \u2013 nej\u010dast\u011bji bukov\u00e9ho – a pozd\u011bji z dostupn\u00fdch jehli\u010dnat\u00fdch strom\u016f, kter\u00e9 hory poskytovaly \u2013 d\u0159eva smrkov\u00e9ho nebo sosnov\u00e9ho. V\u00fdhody t\u011bchto bot byly dv\u011b \u2013 n\u00edzk\u00e1 cena a odolnost v\u016f\u010di vod\u011b. Vod\u011bodolnost se je\u0161t\u011b zvy\u0161ovala \u201evykou\u0159en\u00edm\u201c obuvi v kom\u00edn\u011b. Nosily se v l\u00e9t\u011b i v zim\u011b. V zim\u011b se jen kv\u016fli teplu vycpaly sl\u00e1mou. V polovin\u011b dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed se st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaly pr\u016fmyslu pracuj\u00edc\u00edm s kyselinami a louhy, v ko\u017eelu\u017en\u00e1ch \u010di pr\u00e1deln\u00e1ch. Z Ba\u0165ovy zem\u011b v\u0161ak rychle mizely.<\/p>\n

V horsk\u00fdch oblastech, ob\u00fdvan\u00fdch p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm N\u011bmci, se vyr\u00e1b\u011bly a nosily nav\u00edc tzv. nej\u0161le. \u0160lo o jak\u00e9si \u201epantofle\u201c s d\u0159ev\u011bnou podr\u00e1\u017ekou \u2013 op\u011bt nej\u010dast\u011bji z bukov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva, na kterou byl p\u0159ibit ko\u017een\u00fd d\u00edl tak, aby nepropou\u0161t\u011bl vodu. Tato obuv si mezi \u010cechy z\u00edskala n\u00e1zev mej\u0161le, nej\u0161le, mej\u0161l\u00e1ky \u010di pod\u011bl\u00e1vky. Prav\u00e9 d\u0159ev\u00e1ky se naz\u00fdvaly b\u00e1ci, cel\u00e1ky, kle\u0148\u00e1ky \u010di holoubata. Tyto boty vyr\u00e1b\u011bli na \u0160umav\u011b jak \u010ce\u0161i tak N\u011bmci. Byly v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v Bavorsku, velice popul\u00e1rn\u00ed a \u0159\u00edkalo se jim \u201eB\u00f6hmeschuhe \u2013 \u010cesk\u00e9 boty\u201c.<\/p>\n

Po roce 1938 p\u0159i\u0161ly \u010desk\u00e9 zem\u011b i o celou \u0160umavu. Protektor\u00e1t \u010cechy a Morava, kter\u00fd se up\u00ednal k historick\u00fdm tradic\u00edm, p\u0159i\u0161el o jednu z n\u00e1rodopisn\u00fdch zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed \u2013 v\u00fdrobu proslul\u00fdch d\u0159ev\u00e1k\u016f. Zbyla jen proslul\u00e1 p\u00edsni\u010dka. Redakto\u0159i obl\u00edben\u00e9ho t\u00fdden\u00edku \u201eOzv\u011bny domova i sv\u011bta\u201c se v\u0161ak nevzdali a v nevesel\u00e9m roce 1941-1942 p\u00e1trali po tom, zda se tradi\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdroba \u0161umavsk\u00fdch d\u0159ev\u00e1k\u016f neudr\u017eela i na \u00fazem\u00ed Protektor\u00e1tu. V\u00edt\u011bzoslavn\u011b pak 12.1.1942 v Ozv\u011bn\u00e1ch p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed:<\/p>\n

\u201e\u2026Nad Stachy je vrch Javorn\u00edk a pod n\u00edm osada Tejmlov\u2026 \u0158ekneme-li, \u017ee m\u00e1 \u0160umava v d\u0159ev\u00e1c\u00edch tradici, nesm\u00edme si myslet, \u017ee je tu vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9m staven\u00ed, dalo to hodn\u011b b\u011bh\u00e1n\u00ed a sh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed, ne\u017e jsme domek pana Kramla pod Javorn\u00edkem a jeho d\u00edlnu na\u0161li\u2026 D\u0159ev\u011bnk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed samo nen\u00ed bohu\u017eel p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 v\u00fdnosn\u00fdm \u0159emeslem. Zru\u010dn\u00fd d\u0159ev\u011bnk\u00e1\u0159 ud\u011bl\u00e1 tak dva p\u00e1ry d\u0159ev\u00e1k\u016f denn\u011b. Dostane za n\u011b od obchodn\u00edka 15-25 K, z toho nutno ode\u010d\u00edtat asi 5 K za d\u0159evo\u2026\u201c Zv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme-li fakt, \u017ee r. 1942 byl v zemi pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd plat 6-7 K za hodinu, d\u0159ev\u00e1ky skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u201enevyn\u00e1\u0161ely.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Dnes m\u00e1me \u0160umavu zp\u011bt, ale s p\u016fvodn\u00edm n\u011bmeck\u00fdm obyvatelstvem ode\u0161ly po r. 1945 i tradice. P\u0159esto se tomuto \u0159emeslu v\u011bnuj\u00ed dodnes n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed patrioti na Volarsku, kde st\u00e1le tato obuv nevy\u0161la z m\u00f3dy.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/p>\n