{"id":139799,"date":"2021-09-11T14:07:32","date_gmt":"2021-09-11T13:07:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=139799"},"modified":"2021-09-11T19:45:11","modified_gmt":"2021-09-11T18:45:11","slug":"vojensky-historicky-ustav-vyzva-k-teroru-prisla-z-rozhlasoveho-prijimace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=139799","title":{"rendered":"VOJENSK\u00dd HISTORICK\u00dd \u00daSTAV: V\u00fdzva k teroru p\u0159i\u0161la z rozhlasov\u00e9ho p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Dojet\u00ed, hysterie, fanatismus ovl\u00e1daly v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1938 nejen \u017eensk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edvr\u017eenkyn\u011b henleinovsk\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed… Foto sb\u00edrka VH\u00da.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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V p\u016flce z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed roku 1938 se politick\u00e1 a n\u00e1rodnostn\u00ed situace v p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m \u010ceskoslovensku vyhrotila. Henleinovci se spolu\u00a0s podporou drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho obyvatelstva\u00a0rozhodli ve\u0159ejn\u011b vystoupit a mnohdy n\u00e1siln\u011b prosazovat sv\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy.<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n

\"\"Sign\u00e1lem byl Hitler\u016fv rozhlasov\u00fd projev z partajn\u00edho sjezdu jeho NSDAP v Norimberku ve\u010der v pond\u011bl\u00ed 12. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1938, z n\u011bho\u017e citujme n\u011bkter\u00e9 s n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00fdm neurotick\u00fdm \u0159evem pron\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 Hitlerovy v\u00fdroky:<\/p>\n

\u010ceskoslovensko je p\u0159edur\u010deno k tomu, aby v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00e1lky napadlo n\u011bmeck\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 m\u011bsta bombami\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

Utrpen\u00ed sudetsk\u00fdch N\u011bmc\u016f je nev\u00fdslovn\u00e9. Pro ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed projev v\u016fle jsou hon\u011bni a \u0161tv\u00e1ni jako drav\u00e1 zv\u011b\u0159. \u0158\u00ed\u0161e dal\u0161\u00edho utla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed nestrp\u00ed. Jsou tak\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy, kter\u00e9 jsme odhodl\u00e1ni h\u00e1jit, a to za ka\u017ed\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00edm tak\u00e9 dob\u0159e, \u017ee sm\u00ed\u0159livost\u00ed se neusm\u00ed\u0159\u00ed tak nesmi\u0159iteln\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edtel, jako jsou \u010ce\u0161i. Sudet\u0161t\u00ed N\u011bmci maj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo sebeur\u010den\u00ed, jak\u00e9 m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1rod a necht\u011bj\u00ed fr\u00e1ze. Ne\u017e\u00e1dal jsem t\u0159i a p\u016fl mili\u00f3nu Francouz\u016f nebo t\u0159i a p\u016fl mili\u00f3n\u016f Angli\u010dan\u016f, abych je utla\u010doval v N\u011bmecku, ale utla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed a p\u016fl mili\u00f3n\u016f N\u011bmc\u016f v \u010ceskoslovensku mus\u00ed p\u0159estat, to je m\u016fj po\u017eadavek a m\u00edsto tohoto potla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00ed nastoupit svobodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo sebeur\u010den\u00ed. N\u011bmci v \u010ceskoslovensku nejsou ani bezbrann\u00ed ani opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed!<\/em><\/p>\n

Noc z 12. na 13. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1938 se potom stala osudnou nultou hodinou henleinovsk\u00e9ho vykl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed karet. Dnes se pr\u00fd neslu\u0161\u00ed hovo\u0159it o sudetsk\u00fdch N\u011bmc\u00edch jako o \u201ep\u00e1t\u00e9 kolon\u011b Adolfa Hitlera v demokratick\u00e9m \u010ceskoslovensku\u201c, ale pod\u00edvejme se na dobovou realitu.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b ne\u017e dozn\u011bl z ampli\u00f3n\u016f Hitler\u016fv \u0159ev, za\u010daly se v \u010desk\u00e9m pohrani\u010d\u00ed rojit z hospod, turnersk\u00fdch t\u011blocvi\u010den a \u201chn\u011bd\u00fdch dom\u016f\u201d henleinovsk\u00fdch sekretari\u00e1t\u016f Sudetendeutsche Partei (SdP), kde \u201esude\u0165\u00e1\u010dt\u00ed\u201c fanatici hromadn\u011b projev poslouchali, prvn\u00ed tlupy rozv\u00e1\u0161n\u011bn\u00fdch henleinovc\u016f. Vzpl\u00e1ly pochodn\u011b, zav\u00ed\u0159ily bub\u00ednky, zazn\u011bly p\u00ed\u0161\u0165aly a nad dupaj\u00edc\u00edmi a nep\u0159\u00ed\u010detn\u011b \u0159vouc\u00edmi masami zavl\u00e1ly prapory s h\u00e1kov\u00fdm k\u0159\u00ed\u017eem.<\/p>\n

Za p\u00e1r hodin za\u010dnou um\u00edrat prvn\u00ed lid\u00e9, proto\u017ee on\u00e9 noci vypukl \u201esude\u0165\u00e1ck\u00fd\u201c pokus o otev\u0159en\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo Hitlerovi poslou\u017eit k vojensk\u00e9 agresi proti demokratick\u00e9mu \u010ceskoslovensku!<\/p>\n

O noci pln\u00e9 hysterie a destrukce v \u010desk\u00e9m pohrani\u010d\u00ed maj\u00ed na\u0161e archivy des\u00edtky a des\u00edtky doklad\u016f \u2013 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o situaci, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ich\u00e1zela z pohrani\u010dn\u00edch okres\u016f na zemsk\u00e1 \u010detnick\u00e1 velitelstv\u00ed v Praze a Brn\u011b, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1by \u010di jednotliv\u00e1 ministerstva.<\/p>\n

Prezidium zemsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu, ministerstva po\u0161t a \u017eeleznic, prezidium ministerstva vnitra a mnoh\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 vrcholn\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce dost\u00e1valy onu noc z\u00e1plavu zpr\u00e1v o nov\u00fdch a nov\u00fdch v\u00fdtr\u017enostech, z nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 za\u010daly druh\u00fd den p\u0159er\u016fstat v ozbrojen\u00e9 incidenty, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch bylo v z\u00e1padn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch zavra\u017ed\u011bno n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch slo\u017eek a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch bylo v\u00e1\u017en\u011b zran\u011bno. P\u0159ipome\u0148me si jen dne\u0161n\u00ed Sokolovsko a tamn\u00ed obce Bublava (3 mrtv\u00ed \u010detn\u00edci), Habartov (4 mrtv\u00ed \u010detn\u00edci) \u010di Krajkovou (1 mrtv\u00fd \u010detn\u00edk)\u2026<\/p>\n

Proto byla 14. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1938 op\u011bt vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena pln\u00e1 bojov\u00e1 pohotovost pohrani\u010dn\u00edch jednotek Str\u00e1\u017ee obrany st\u00e1tu (SOS). Zat\u00edm v\u0161ak co stovky a tis\u00edce zfanatizovan\u00fdch henleinovc\u016f za zvuk\u016f tov\u00e1rn\u00edch sir\u00e9n a zvon\u016f vytloukaj\u00ed v Rumburku, \u0160luknov\u011b, Varnsdorfu, \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem, Vejprtech, Kadani, Chebu, A\u0161i, Tachov\u011b a na mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch m\u00edstech okna \u010cech\u016f, \u017did\u016f a n\u011bmeck\u00fdch antifa\u0161ist\u016f, obsazuj\u00ed po\u0161ty, n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady, jsou rezortn\u00ed \u010detn\u00edci, policist\u00e9 s dru\u017estvy SOS neust\u00e1le bombardov\u00e1ni rozkazy pra\u017esk\u00e9ho ministerstva vnitra, nad kter\u00fdmi rozum z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1t\u2026<\/p>\n

Daj\u00ed se shrnout ve stru\u010dnosti do v\u011bty:\u00a0Za \u017e\u00e1dnou cenu nepou\u017e\u00edt st\u0159eln\u00fdch zbran\u00ed, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v bl\u00edzkosti hrani\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ry, mal\u00e9 provokace p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eet, velk\u00fdm \u010delit m\u00edrn\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky, \u017e\u00e1dat funkcion\u00e1\u0159e Sudetendeutsche Partei o pomoc p\u0159i zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dku<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Hrani\u010d\u00e1\u0159i s p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch slo\u017eek se c\u00edtili ob\u011btov\u00e1ni. P\u0159\u00edmo hysterick\u00e9 vyz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed obr\u00e1nc\u016f hranic a str\u00e1\u017ec\u016f bezpe\u010dnosti vlastn\u00edm velen\u00edm, aby nepou\u017e\u00edvali v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ohro\u017een\u00ed zbran\u011b, je po dlouh\u00fdch t\u00fddnech pohotovosti a nejistoty obrovskou mor\u00e1ln\u00ed sabot\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na bojov\u00e9m odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto mu\u017e\u016f.Sv\u00e9 \u010derviv\u00e9 ovoce ponesou tyto rozkazy i v dal\u0161\u00edch dnech.<\/p>\n

Sebev\u011bdom\u00ed henleinovc\u016f stoupalo a s n\u00edm i jejich \u0159\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed. Z N\u011bmecka si p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli pistole, st\u0159elivo, d\u00fdky i gran\u00e1ty. P\u0159eru\u0161uj\u00ed telefonn\u00ed a telegrafn\u00ed spojen\u00ed, na trat\u00edch po\u0161kozuj\u00ed v\u00fdhybky.<\/p>\n

V Rumburku je 14. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v p\u016fl dev\u00e1t\u00e9 ve\u010der proveden pumov\u00fd \u00fatok na byt pos\u00e1dkov\u00e9ho velitele. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed nebyl nikdo zabit ani ran\u011bn. Pobl\u00ed\u017e kas\u00e1ren henleinovci zalo\u017eili n\u011bkolik demonstrativn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f.<\/p>\n

Nebylo obce v pohrani\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by se neobjevila v hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed z t\u011bchto dn\u00ed. V\u017edy \u0161lo o stejn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy \u2013 provokace, v\u00fdtr\u017enosti, incidenty. Pod tlakem rozho\u0159\u010den\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti byla nakonec vl\u00e1da p\u0159ece jen nucena r\u00e1zn\u011b zakro\u010dit. Ji\u017e 13. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vyhl\u00e1sila nad \u0159adou pohrani\u010dn\u00edch okres\u016f stann\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, kter\u00e9 bylo 15. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1938 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno i na n\u011bkter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed. Stann\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo v\u0161ak z\u016fstalo prakticky jen formalitou, proto\u017ee v platnosti z\u016fstala v\u0161echna omezen\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed \u010detnictva a jednotek SOS, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pokud jde o pou\u017eit\u00ed zbran\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Do pohrani\u010d\u00ed v\u0161ak byly alespo\u0148 vysl\u00e1ny asisten\u010dn\u00ed jednotky arm\u00e1dy, kter\u00e9 vyvolaly v \u0159ad\u00e1ch henleinovc\u016f paniku. Tis\u00edce jich zbab\u011ble uprchnuly do N\u011bmecka. Henleinovsk\u00fd pu\u010d se za\u010dal hroutit jako domek z karet. Jizva v sebev\u011bdom\u00ed hrani\u010d\u00e1\u0159\u016f v\u0161ak ji\u017e z\u016fstala nezacelena.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ekvapeni byli i voj\u00e1ci. I jejich z\u00e1sahy brzdila ji\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00ed shov\u00edvavost st\u00e1tn\u00edho apar\u00e1tu v\u016f\u010di nacist\u016fm. Jako t\u0159eba ve Varnsdorfu.<\/p>\n

Tanky byly zastaveny na obvodu m\u011bsta politick\u00fdm komisa\u0159em okresn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu. Vojsku bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no st\u0159\u00edlet. Muselo p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eet, jak bylo demonstranty vynuceno propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed delikvent\u016f. D\u00e1vat voj\u00e1ky na takov\u00e9 akce je \u0161koda \u2013 kles\u00e1 autorita\u2026<\/p>\n

Tak si st\u011b\u017eoval 15. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1938 v 16.20 hodin ve sv\u00e9m hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk \u0161t\u00e1bu Zemsk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho velitelstv\u00ed Praha plukovn\u00edk gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu Ludv\u00edk Ka\u0161p\u00e1rek. P\u0159esto pr\u016fjezd tankov\u00e9 \u010dety \u0160luknovem, Rumburkem a n\u011bkter\u00fdmi dal\u0161\u00edmi m\u00edsty v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eku splnil alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b svou \u00falohu.<\/p>\n

V\u016fdci henleinovc\u016f se v\u0161ak rozhodli se nevzdat. V n\u011bmeck\u00e9m rozhlase ji\u017e 15. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vyhl\u00e1sil Konrad Henlein \u010ceskoslovensku nejost\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed boj a sudetsk\u00e9 N\u011bmce vyzval k ozbrojen\u00e9mu povst\u00e1n\u00ed. To ji\u017e bylo zcela otev\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f, je\u017e henleinovci sledovali od sam\u00e9ho vzniku sv\u00e9ho pronacistick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed, i kdy\u017e je dlouho skr\u00fdvali za hesly o autonomii v r\u00e1mci demokratick\u00e9ho \u010ceskoslovenska.<\/p>\n

V p\u00e1tek 16. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1938 byla proto \u00fa\u0159edn\u011b rozpu\u0161t\u011bna SdP \u2013 Sudetendeutsche Partei \u2013 a jej\u00ed \u201epo\u0159\u00e1dkov\u00e9\u201c ordnersk\u00e9 formace. Na p\u0159ed\u00e1ky SdP Karla Hermanna Franka, Konrada Henleina a dal\u0161\u00ed byl vyd\u00e1n zatyka\u010d. Ti v\u0161ak ji\u017e byli d\u00e1vno v bezpe\u010d\u00ed v nacistick\u00e9m N\u011bmecku.<\/p>\n

Ud\u00e1losti se v\u0161ak \u0159\u00edtily d\u00e1l jako spla\u0161en\u00fd k\u016f\u0148. Ji\u017e 17. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1938 byl v N\u011bmecku z\u0159\u00edzen z d\u0159\u00edve tajn\u011b cvi\u010den\u00fdch ordner\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch henleinovc\u016f Sudetendeutsche Freikorps \u2013 vojensky organizovan\u00e1 bojov\u00e1 organizace, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla pod patronac\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy a nacistick\u00fdch formac\u00ed SA a SS z \u0159\u00ed\u0161skon\u011bmeck\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed napadat \u010desk\u00e9 pohrani\u010dn\u00ed oblasti, prov\u00e1d\u011bt diverze a terorizovat \u010desk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo a n\u011bmeck\u00e9 antifa\u0161isty.<\/p>\n

Krize v srdci Evropy tak vstoupila do dal\u0161\u00ed etapy.<\/p>\n

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Jind\u0159ich MAREK<\/strong><\/p>\n

Text a foto: webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky VOJENSK\u00c9HO HISTORICK\u00c9HO \u00daSTAVU<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Zamalov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm \u010de\u0161tiny na dvojjazy\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1pisech to za\u010d\u00ednalo, st\u0159elbou kon\u010dilo. Foto sb\u00edrka VH\u00da.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Adolf Hitler v Norimberku p\u0159ed Chr\u00e1mem Matky bo\u017e\u00ed. Foto sb\u00edrka VH\u00da.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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