{"id":137349,"date":"2019-08-12T06:41:05","date_gmt":"2019-08-12T05:41:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=137349"},"modified":"2019-08-12T06:41:05","modified_gmt":"2019-08-12T05:41:05","slug":"stara-sumava-sousedske-vztahy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=137349","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Sousedsk\u00e9 vztahy"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kol dvou t\u0159etin rodin ve vsi titulovalo se \u00bbpane kmot\u0159e\u00ab neb \u00bbpan\u00ed kmotra\u00ab, nebo prost\u011b \u00bbkmot\u0159e\u00ab neb \u00bbkmotra\u00ab, a jen asi jedna t\u0159etina rodin, jsouc jinak pokrevn\u011b sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bn\u00e1, titulovala se \u00bbstr\u00fd\u010dku\u00ab neb \u00bbteti\u010dko\u00ab. Tento stav titul\u00e1tu a p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota potrval do let 1880, nejpozd\u011bji ji\u017e jen tu a tam v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zapadlej\u0161\u00edch krajin\u00e1ch do konce 19. stolet\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

Po letech osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch p\u0159est\u00e1valo se mezi z\u00e1mo\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi rodinami po\u017eadovat sousedy za kmotry ke k\u0159tu a nahrazovali je p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi, bratry, sestrami, str\u00fdci neb tetami. Star\u00fd tento zvyk se nejd\u00e9le udr\u017eel mezi rodinami chud\u00fdmi, kter\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b dlouho po\u017eadovaly za kmotry z\u00e1mo\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed man\u017eele ze vsi, z p\u0159\u00ed\u010din snadno pochopiteln\u00fdch. Osloven\u00ed kmot\u0159e, kmotra u st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch skmot\u0159en\u00fdch rodin v\u0161ak potrvalo a\u017e do smrti.<\/p>\n

Mizen\u00edm star\u00e9ho kmotrovstv\u00ed na vsi a zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm jeho mezi pokrevn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00e1teli po\u010dal se na vsi objevovat nov\u00fd titul, nejprve v nejz\u00e1mo\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rodin\u00e1ch, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed: \u00bbpane, pan\u00ed \u00ab atd. A trvalo to p\u0159es \u010dtvrt stolet\u00ed, ba p\u016fl stolet\u00ed, ne\u017e se toto nov\u00e9 osloven\u00ed v\u017eilo a teprve prv\u00fdm \u010dtvrtstolet\u00edm dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho v\u011bku titul \u00bbpane kmot\u0159e\u00ab zcela vymizel a zavl\u00e1dlo oslovov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00edm v\u0161eobecn\u011b i u lidu chud\u0161\u00edho.<\/p>\n

Ale s mizen\u00edm \u00bbsvat\u00e9ho kmotrovstv\u00ed\u00ab, tak se oby\u010dejn\u011b mezi lidem kmotrovstv\u00ed naz\u00fdvalo, mizel z\u00e1rove\u0148 i p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd a spole\u010densk\u00fd \u017eivot na vsi. Po letech 1880, a\u010d nastala hrozn\u00e1 krize hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1, mizelo p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed soused\u016f na vs\u00ed, nahrazovala je ned\u016fv\u011bra souseda k sousedu a sobeckost, Mizely a poznen\u00e1hlu zmizely nadobro ze vsi d\u016fv\u011brn\u00e9 soukrom\u00e9 z\u00e1p\u016fj\u010dky pen\u011bz soused sousedu, co\u017e se d\u011blo d\u0159\u00edve oby\u010dejn\u011b bez sv\u011bdk\u016f, bez ups\u00e1n\u00ed, jak se \u0159\u00edkalo mezi dv\u011bma osobami, stranou, v kuchyni \u00bbpod kom\u00ednem\u00ab. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu k tomu zavdalo zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch spo\u0159itelen.<\/p>\n

Pen\u011bz pot\u0159ebn\u00ed roln\u00edci po\u010dali se houfn\u011b obraceti o pen\u011b\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00fdp\u016fj\u010dky do m\u011bstsk\u00fdch spo\u0159itelen a vypl\u00e1celi sv\u00e9 dluhy sv\u00fdm v\u011b\u0159itel\u016fm, z\u00e1mo\u017en\u00fdm vesnick\u00fdm soused\u016fm. Tak zbavovali se jist\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti k t\u011bmto soused\u016fm a t\u00edm po\u010dala se na vsi objevovat prv\u00e1 sobeckost, prv\u00e9 v\u011bdom\u00ed \u00bbj\u00e1 tebe nepot\u0159ebuji\u00ab. A aby se mnoh\u00e9 rodiny zbavily ve\u0161ker\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti na sousedu, hled\u011bly se zbavit i star\u00e9ho z\u00e1vazku – kmotrovstv\u00ed. A to se dalo prov\u00e9st teprve a\u017e v rodin\u011b se stala zm\u011bna, kdy\u017e mlad\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159, p\u0159evzav od rodi\u010d\u016f usedlost, se o\u017eenil.<\/p>\n

A skute\u010dnost\u00ed jest, \u017ee vymizen\u00edm osobn\u00edho \u00fav\u011bru, vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho poslou\u017een\u00ed kmotrovstv\u00edm a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b t\u00e9\u017e mizen\u00edm zbo\u017enosti ze vsi zmizel do dne\u0161n\u00ed doby pov\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd a spole\u010densk\u00fd \u017eivot ze vsi. Pamatuji, \u017ee v m\u00e9 rodn\u00e9 vsi se\u0161li jsme se je\u0161t\u011b v desetilet\u00ed 1880 – 90 v ned\u011bli odpoledne v\u0161ichni soused\u00e9 do \u00bbstar\u00e9 hospody\u00ab, sta\u0159\u00ed i mlad\u00ed, z\u00e1mo\u017en\u00ed i m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1mo\u017en\u00ed, chalupn\u00edci i domk\u00e1\u0159i a tak\u00e9 podruhov\u00e9, abychom p\u0159i sklenici piva si pohovo\u0159ili. A bylo to v \u010dase, kdy panoval hrozn\u00fd \u00fapadek zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. A jako mu\u017eov\u00e9 sch\u00e1z\u00edvali se v hospod\u011b, sch\u00e1z\u00edvaly a nav\u0161t\u011bvovaly se \u017eeny a navz\u00e1jem n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy si opl\u00e1cely v dom\u00e1cnostech.<\/p>\n

A stal-li se p\u0159\u00edpad, \u017ee ve stavu tu a tam podnapil\u00e9m soused souseda urazil, jist\u011b se ur\u00e1\u017eka v dobr\u00e9m vyrovnala. O to se soused\u00e9 postarali, aby se pohn\u011bvan\u00ed op\u011bt v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dase sm\u00ed\u0159ili. Jak\u00fdkoliv soud byl na vsi velice \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem. A p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed ned\u011bli tu sed\u011bli op\u011bt v hospod\u011b p\u0159i piv\u011b ned\u00e1vno na sebe rozzloben\u00ed soused\u00e9, nejev\u00edce nejmen\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1mky hn\u011bvu.
\nByly to tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1stky, kter\u00e9 podporovaly p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00fd \u017eivot na vsi.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Z PAM\u011aT\u00cd STAR\u00c9HO \u010cESK\u00c9HO SEDL\u00c1KA,\u00a0Kus selsk\u00e9 historie z 2. poloviny XIX. stolet\u00ed napsal Josef Volf<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS Andres<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Kol <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":168367,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/12\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-star\u00e1-\u0161umava.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137349"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=137349"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":168368,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137349\/revisions\/168368"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/168367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=137349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=137349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=137349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}