{"id":136453,"date":"2019-08-02T06:38:30","date_gmt":"2019-08-02T05:38:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=136453"},"modified":"2022-05-23T13:54:24","modified_gmt":"2022-05-23T12:54:24","slug":"stara-sumava-dozinky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=136453","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Do\u017e\u00ednky"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"\u017dn\u011b<\/strong>
\nA ji\u017e jsou \u017en\u011b\u2026 Jak ob\u0159i kol\u00e9baj\u00ed<\/em>
\n se vozy s obil\u00edm po cel\u00e9 t\u00fddny,<\/em>
\n lny hn\u011bdou pomalu a \u017elut\u011b zraj\u00ed,<\/em>
\n je m\u011bs\u00edc p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd, a \u010das je klidn\u00fd.<\/em><\/p>\n

Makovic zahn\u011bdl\u00e9 skvrnat\u00e9 hlavy<\/em>
\n mdlou v\u016fn\u00ed zad\u00fdchly, co po\u010dly zr\u00e1ti\u2026<\/em>
\n Po pol\u00edch d\u011bti chud\u00fdch jdou ji\u017e davy,<\/em>
\n hrst klas\u016f ka\u017ed\u00e9 ve sv\u00e9 ruce chv\u00e1t\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e k prv\u00fdm ob\u017e\u00ednk\u00e1m se \u010dasy ch\u00fdl\u00ed,<\/em>
\n kdy prvn\u00ed \u201eb\u00e1bu\u201c strojit bude chasa,<\/em>
\n a cel\u00e1 ves v t\u00e9 bude v\u00fdskat chv\u00edli<\/em>
\n s tou lehkost\u00ed, j\u00ed\u017e voln\u00fd pt\u00e1k jen j\u00e1s\u00e1!<\/em><\/p>\n

(Anton\u00edn SOVA)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Na sklonku l\u00e9ta se v\u017edycky kon\u00e1valy slavn\u00e9 do\u017e\u00ednky. Ka\u017ed\u00fd sedl\u00e1k vyzdobil do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00fd v\u016fz zpodoben\u00edm n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u017e\u0148ov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce: jeden \u017eiv\u00fd obraz zachycoval ml\u00e1cen\u00ed obil\u00ed cepy, druh\u00fd l\u00e1m\u00e1n\u00ed lnu, jin\u00fd zas senose\u010d. Kon\u011b m\u011bli h\u0159\u00edvy zapleteny v copy se stu\u017ekami, n\u011bkter\u00e1 ze selsk\u00fdch dcer p\u0159ednesla slavnostn\u00ed ver\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00fd pr\u016fvod pro\u0161el vs\u00ed a \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci slavnosti se roze\u0161li do sv\u00fdch usedlost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na \u0160umav\u011b pravideln\u011b b\u00fdvaj\u00ed slaveny do\u017e\u00ednky skoro po cel\u00e9 vsi jedn\u00edm dnem, av\u0161ak v ka\u017ed\u00e9m hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed pro sebe. Ji\u017e dopoledne poznati lze, u kter\u00e9ho roln\u00edka budou ve\u010der do\u017e\u00ednky slaviti. Prozrad\u00ed to vesel\u00e1 n\u00e1lada do pole ub\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch se \u017eenc\u016f. V den ten jde pr\u00e1ce zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b od ruky, v\u017edy\u0165 to posledn\u00ed den \u017en\u00ed a o pivo neb\u00fdv\u00e1 v den ten nouze. Kdy\u017e posledn\u00ed snopy sv\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed se do stodoly, nech\u00e1 se na poli n\u011bkolik snop\u016f, asi na jeden v\u016fz \u017eeb\u0159inov\u00fd. Pro tyto snopy se v ustanoven\u00fd den, oby\u010dejn\u011b v ned\u011bli odpoledne, po\u0161le v\u016fz p\u00e1rem nebo dv\u011bma p\u00e1ry vol\u016f ta\u017een\u00fd, prov\u00e1zen\u00fd lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed po \u010das \u017en\u00ed u dvora pracovali, jako\u017e i \u010deled\u00edny ze dvora. V\u016fz jako\u017e i ta\u017en\u00fd dobytek ozdoben jest f\u00e1bory.<\/p>\n

V\u016fdcem b\u00fdv\u00e1 rycht\u00e1\u0159, nesouc\u00ed dlouhou, v\u011bncem z obiln\u00edch klas\u016f ozdobenou h\u016fl. Oble\u010den jest v kroj \u0161umavsk\u00e9ho sedl\u00e1ka, m\u00e1 na hlav\u011b \u0161irok\u00fd klobouk, na krku pestr\u00fd \u0161\u00e1tek, vestu a kr\u00e1tkou kazajku se stojac\u00edm l\u00edmcem, ko\u017een\u00e9 kalhoty po kolena, modr\u00e9 pun\u010dochy a \u0161n\u011brovac\u00ed st\u0159ev\u00edce. Kdy\u017e p\u0159ijedou na pole, u\u010din\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci slavnosti kruh. V tomto kruhu se sv\u00e1\u017ee velik\u00fd snop \u00bbbaba\u00ab aneb \u00bbbarbora\u00ab zvan\u00fd. Snop tento slo\u017een jest ze t\u0159\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f. Spodn\u00ed d\u00edl je nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, prost\u0159edn\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b objemn\u00fd a vrchn\u00ed je nejten\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd tento d\u00edl je sv\u00e1z\u00e1n jedn\u00edm pov\u0159\u00edslem. Na prost\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st t\u00e9to \u00bbbaby\u00ab navl\u00e9knou \u017eensk\u00e9 kab\u00e1t, vycpou jak\u017e tak\u017e ruk\u00e1vy kab\u00e1tu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e utvo\u0159\u00ed se ruce, a na nejho\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u00bbbaby\u00ab upevn\u00ed se \u0161\u00e1tek, jeho\u017e c\u00edpy se do do t\u00fdla zav\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. Takto vyzdobenou \u00bbbabu\u00ab, kter\u00e1 mnohdy dosti p\u011bkn\u011b jest vyzdobena, vyzdvihnou \u017eensk\u00e9 slavnostn\u011b za zvuk\u016f hudby, kter\u00e1 po celou slavnost pr\u016fvod prov\u00e1z\u00ed, na v\u016fz. Tu se usad\u00ed \u017eensk\u00e9 kolem \u00bbbaby\u00ab na snopy. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pak k ve\u010deru, kdy\u017e pr\u00e1ce bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se sv\u00e9mu konci, nechce nikdo b\u00fdti posledn\u00edm p\u0159i sb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed hrst\u00ed, nebo\u0165 z\u016fstane pak po cel\u00fd rok \u00bbbabou\u00ab<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edm doma, a to zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u011bti, obstar\u00e1vaj\u00ed kv\u011btiny, pro n\u011b\u017e nelen\u00ed j\u00edt, t\u0159eba hodinu cesty. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed ve\u010derem uplete se pak v\u011bnec pro hospod\u00e1\u0159e, kytky pro hospodyni a \u010deled\u00edny a pro podruha velk\u00fd v\u011bnec z kop\u0159iv. Klasy obiln\u00e9 nesm\u011bj\u00ed nikde sch\u00e1zet.<\/p>\n

Do\u017e\u00ednky samotn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159\u00ed: k\u00e1va nesm\u00ed sch\u00e1zet, o kol\u00e1\u010de nen\u00ed zle, tak\u00e9 ka\u0161e b\u00fdv\u00e1 pravidlem. Kdy\u017e \u017eenci donesou hospod\u00e1\u0159i v\u011bnec uvit\u00fd ze v\u0161ech druh\u016f po\u017eat\u00e9ho obil\u00ed, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 se: Hospod\u00e1\u0159i! My neseme V\u00e1m dar, kter\u00fd B\u016fh v\u0161emohouc\u00ed dal z \u00farody zemsk\u00e9, z rosy nebesk\u00e9, z tich\u00e9ho de\u0161ti\u010dka, z tepl\u00e9ho v\u011bt\u0159\u00ed\u010dka, aby V\u00e1m B\u016fh v\u0161emohouc\u00ed v tento rok po\u017eehnal. Kdy\u017e jsem tento v\u011bne\u010dek cht\u011bla m\u00edt, musela jsem do m\u011bsta j\u00edt; v m\u011bst\u011b jsou r\u016f\u017ee takov\u00e9: modr\u00e9, b\u00edl\u00e9 a \u010derven\u00e9. Kdy\u017e jsem se s t\u00edmto v\u011bne\u010dkem vypravovala, matinka mi p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b p\u0159ikazovala, abych ten v\u011bne\u010dek \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu nedala, dokud nebudu m\u00edt n\u011bkolik st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch zlat\u00fdch. Pan\u00edm\u00e1mo zlat\u00e1, otv\u00edrejte vrata, neseme V\u00e1m v\u011bnec ze sam\u00e9ho zlata. Dobr\u00fd ve\u010der, pane hospod\u00e1\u0159i, p\u0159ejeme V\u00e1m ; tento zelen\u00fd v\u011bne\u010dek p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme V\u00e1m! Vy ho od n\u00e1s p\u0159ijm\u011bte a za n\u00e1s se nesty\u010fte; d\u00e1 V\u00e1m P\u00e1n B\u016fh po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed na ka\u017ed\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b. Nejv\u0159elej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme d\u011bln\u00edci nad\u011blen\u00ed, bychom V\u00e1s t\u00edm pot\u011b\u0161ili, byste hodn\u011b natr\u017eili za to kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 obil\u00ed. Pracovali jsme v\u017edy piln\u011b, proto laskav\u011b pros\u00edme, by n\u00e1s n\u011b\u010d\u00edm obda\u0159ili, na \u010daj, k\u00e1vu neskrblili; a\u0165 ples\u00e1 na\u0161e srd\u00e9\u010dko, a proto vol\u00e1m, a\u0165 \u017eije n\u00e1\u0161 p\u00e1n ! Kdy\u017e jsem s t\u00edm v\u011bne\u010dkem k V\u00e1m \u0161la, potkali mne dva ml\u00e1denci, oni ten v\u011bne\u010dek po m\u011b \u017e\u00e1dali a j\u00e1 jsem jim \u0159\u00edkala, \u017ee ten v\u011bne\u010dek \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu ned\u00e1m, ani neprod\u00e1m, \u017ee jej pro mnohem vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u00e1ny m\u00e1m. A proto V\u00e1m p\u0159eji v\u0161em vespolek \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, zdrav\u00ed a Bo\u017e\u00ed po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed a po smrti kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nebesk\u00e9. P\u0159ijm\u011bte od sv\u00fdch d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f a d\u011blnic tento dar! Pochv\u00e1len bu\u010f Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 Kristus!<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u011bkdy se ale nebe nad polem zat\u00e1hlo, p\u0159i\u0161la bou\u0159ka, krupobit\u00ed, a hrozilo, \u017ee bude po \u00farod\u011b. Tehdy nastupovala lidov\u00e1 magie a prad\u00e1vn\u00e9 zvyky, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly hrozbu zni\u010den\u00e9 \u00farody za\u017eehnat. Po cel\u00e9 druh\u00e9 devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9 p\u016flstolet\u00ed v\u011b\u0159ilo se je\u0161t\u011b v zah\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch mra\u010den. Za\u017eehn\u00e1va\u010di zl\u00fdch kroupov\u00fdch mra\u010den t\u011b\u0161ili se oblib\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejv\u00edce se v n\u011b v\u011b\u0159ilo. B\u00fdvali to v\u011bt\u0161inou sta\u0159\u00ed p\u00edsm\u00e1ci neb kostelu dobrovoln\u011b slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed kalkanti, dob\u0159e znal\u00ed p\u00edsma, \u0159id\u010deji star\u00e9, zku\u0161en\u00e9 \u017eeny.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e na obzoru se objevila hroz\u00edc\u00ed kroupov\u00e1 mra\u010dna, vy\u0161li za\u017eehn\u00e1va\u010di za humny do pol\u00ed a tam, obr\u00e1ceni k mrak\u016fm neb k v\u00fdchodu, za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vali bu\u010f z n\u011bjak\u00e9 tajemn\u00e9 \u00bb\u010dern\u00e9 knihy\u00ab, bu\u010f s r\u016f\u017eencem nebo svat\u00fdm obrazem, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b k tomu \u00fa\u010delu chovan\u00fdm, nebo s k\u0159\u00ed\u017ekem, jin\u00ed zase s pecnem chleba neb s o\u0161atkou, napln\u011bnou obil\u00edm nebo moukou. P\u0159i \u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed neb \u010dten\u00ed vlastn\u00edho za\u017eehn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010di popoch\u00e1zeli v ten sm\u011br, kam si p\u0159\u00e1li mraky sehnati, oby\u010dejn\u011b v ta m\u00edsta, kde by kroupy nemohly tolik \u0161koditi, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na lesy neb louky.<\/p>\n

Podle zachovav\u0161\u00edho se m\u00edstn\u00edho pod\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eili na vs\u00edch i takov\u00ed um\u011blci za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010di, \u017ee svedli hrav\u011b mraky, kam cht\u011bli. Za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010d kroupov\u00fdch mra\u010den sv\u00e9 tajupln\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed st\u0159ehl p\u0159ed ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed a v\u016fbec s\u00e1m o n\u011bm nemluvil a nep\u0159\u00e1l si, aby se v jeho p\u0159\u00edtomnosti o n\u011bm pov\u00eddalo. Ba zle varoval sm\u011blce, kter\u00fd se opov\u00e1\u017eil proti jeho v\u016fli tak \u010diniti aneb si dovolil vtipkovat o za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010d\u00edch. Um\u011bn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010di po bodr\u00fdch v\u00fdm\u011bnk\u00e1\u0159\u00edch d\u011bdili oby\u010dejn\u011b n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 z rodu, a to zp\u016fsobem nen\u00e1padn\u00fdm. Za\u017eehn\u00e1va\u010di mrak\u016f konali za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed na odlehl\u00fdch m\u00edstech, oby\u010dejn\u011b mezi obil\u00edm, aby nebyli vid\u011bni ani sly\u0161eni.<\/p>\n

Bylo ji\u017e zvykem, \u017ee kdo by n\u00e1hodou byl se m\u011bl setkati s takov\u00fdm \u010dlov\u011bkem-za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010dem p\u0159i \u010dinu, oklikou se mu vyhnul. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed chybou bylo za\u017eehn\u00e1va\u010de mrak\u016f p\u0159i v\u00fdkonu osloviti neb jinak je vyru\u0161iti. Za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010d musel plynn\u011b, bez p\u0159est\u00e1vky, celou formuli od\u0159\u00edkat, jinak nebyla platn\u00e1. V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech, a\u0165 vyru\u0161en\u00edm neb zajiknut\u00edm, by se byly pr\u00fd kroupy na jeho hlavu a t\u00edm na celou krajinu sesypaly.<\/p>\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch se tak\u00e9 proti nebezpe\u010d\u00ed krupobit\u00ed zvonilo, jinde ponocn\u00fd proti mrak\u016fm troubil na hl\u00e1snou troubu. Ob\u00e9 muselo se konat v\u010das, dokud mra\u010dna byla je\u0161t\u011b vzd\u00e1lena. Troubilo se nap\u0159\u00edklad proti mrak\u016fm. V\u011bt\u0161inou to m\u011bli na starosti star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vali o \u017en\u00edch ve vs\u00edch. Jinak v\u0161ichni, kdo mohli, v\u010detn\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed, pom\u00e1hali p\u0159i \u017en\u00edch, proto\u017ee to byla nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce b\u011bhem roku. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed ale z\u016fst\u00e1vali ve vs\u00edch, a pokud se bl\u00ed\u017eilo n\u011bjak\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 nebo nedej bo\u017ee dokonce krupobit\u00ed, tak se za\u017e\u00edhaly sv\u00ed\u010dky hromni\u010dky, zvonilo se, past\u00fd\u0159i troubili, dokonce se i zp\u00edvalo na n\u00e1vr\u0161\u00edch nade vs\u00ed proti mrak\u016fm, aby je odehnali a ochr\u00e1nili si \u00farodu.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: \u010cesk\u00fd Lid XVII. 336. Ferd. Men\u010d\u00edk, Sv\u011btozor XIV., v Praze 1880, str. 367.<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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