{"id":136396,"date":"2019-07-28T21:43:47","date_gmt":"2019-07-28T20:43:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=136396"},"modified":"2019-07-28T21:45:30","modified_gmt":"2019-07-28T20:45:30","slug":"stara-sumava-sumavske-zne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=136396","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: \u0160umavsk\u00e9 \u017en\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Starc\u016fv d\u00edk za \u017en\u011b<\/strong>
\nT\u011b\u0161\u00ed ho \u017e\u0148ov\u00e9 po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/em>
\n C\u00edt\u00ed v n\u011bm Bo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost:\u00a0
\nv slunci i de\u0161ti tu\u0161\u00ed zr\u00e1n\u00ed –
\njak obdarov\u00e1n, \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd host.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Ten ruch dokola bez ust\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em>
\n i prach z pol\u00ed mu pro radost<\/em>
\n spl\u00fdv\u00e1 s v\u016fn\u00ed v\u0161ech pln\u00fdch klas\u016f –<\/em>
\n chce sv\u011bd\u010dit s d\u00edkem tomu \u010dasu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ves m\u00e1 svou tv\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00e1 nest\u00e1rne: m\u00e1 prad\u00e1vn\u00e9 rysy, kter\u00e9 vyzna\u010duj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b jej\u00ed byt\u00ed jako \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9. Ty rysy zbr\u00e1zdily \u010dela venkovsk\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f, shlukly se kolem \u00fast venkovsk\u00fdch \u017een a ani ty nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejmlad\u0161\u00ed mezi nimi je nedok\u00e1\u017eou skr\u00fdt; dokonce i d\u011bti, ty novorozen\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b hloub\u011bji ne\u017e ty dosp\u011blej\u0161\u00ed, u\u017e je nesou.<\/h6>\n

V\u0161ichni, mu\u017ei, \u017eeny a d\u011bti maj\u00ed t\u00fd\u017e jedin\u00fd rys tv\u00e1\u0159e, vyhl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed jimi jakoby jedna jedin\u00e1 tv\u00e1\u0159. Je to pr\u00e1v\u011b ona, v\u011b\u010dn\u00e1, j\u00ed\u017e na n\u00e1s hled\u00ed st\u00e1le znovu sama prastar\u00e1 du\u0161e, d\u00e1vn\u00fd duch t\u00e9 vsi, kter\u00fd p\u0159e\u017eil v\u0161echna jej\u00ed pokolen\u00ed: du\u0161e neklidn\u00e1 a ne\u00fanavn\u00e1, v\u011b\u010dn\u011b mlad\u00e1, v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1; trvaj\u00edc\u00ed, v\u017edy prom\u011bnliv\u00e1 a bo\u017esky tv\u00e1rn\u00e1, jinoch, mu\u017e, sta\u0159ec, a znovu chlapec: tajupln\u00e1, neuchopiteln\u00e1 v prom\u011bn\u00e1ch dne a roku, v prom\u011bn\u00e1ch stalet\u00ed a tis\u00edcilet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Prost\u00fd lid proch\u00e1zel v letn\u00edm obdob\u00ed o\u010distou od zvyk\u016f a ob\u0159ad\u016f. Toto nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bji souvisela s mno\u017estv\u00edm pr\u00e1ce, kterou lid\u00e9 v letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch m\u011bli se sklizn\u00ed v\u0161eho, co dala z milosti Bo\u017e\u00ed a za p\u0159i\u010din\u011bn\u00ed lid\u00ed zem\u011b. Skl\u00edzely se lesn\u00ed plody, bylinky, nastala doba senose\u010de. Do toho se nal\u00e9valo a zl\u00e1tlo zrno obil\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u010dekalo zpravidla v m\u011bs\u00edci \u010dervenci, n\u011bkdy v srpnu, na \u017eence. Sklize\u0148 obil\u00ed se \u0159\u00eddila po\u010das\u00edm, v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch \u0160umavy nastala sklize\u0148 d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017eli v kraj\u00edch v\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00fdch a pamatovat mus\u00edme i na to, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd druh obil\u00ed dozr\u00e1v\u00e1 v jinou dobu.<\/p>\n

“Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk je p\u0159ipoutan\u00fd k p\u016fd\u011b, je tedy jist\u00fdm poplatn\u00edkem. Ct\u00ed z\u00e1kony a protiv\u00ed se mu nepoctivost, zah\u00e1lka, le\u017e, korupce – nen\u00e1vid\u00ed v\u0161e, co \u010dlov\u011bka stav\u00ed do \u0161patn\u00e9ho sv\u011btla. Sedl\u00e1k je zbo\u017en\u00fd, pokorn\u00fd p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edrodou, bere sv\u011bt takov\u00fd, jak\u00fd je. Sedl\u00e1k v\u011b\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u011b ve svou usilovnou pr\u00e1ci, t\u00e9 se vzd\u00e1v\u00e1 a\u017e naposled. Je \u0161etrn\u00fd, marnotratnost je mu ciz\u00ed. Spo\u0159ivost je jeho velkou ctnost\u00ed, proto nem\u00e1 r\u00e1d ty, kte\u0159\u00ed utr\u00e1cej\u00ed za zbyte\u010dnosti, za par\u00e1du, n\u00e1bytek a z\u00e1bavu. Nesn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se k majetku dostali nepoctiv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Nech\u00e1pe politiky, kte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 nemoci, p\u0159itom lehkomysln\u011b rozhazuj\u00ed miliony.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Obil\u00ed bylo \u201ebo\u017e\u00edm darem\u201c a podle toho s n\u00edm bylo nakl\u00e1d\u00e1no. \u017dn\u011b p\u0159edstavovaly vyvrcholen\u00ed celoro\u010dn\u00edho sna\u017een\u00ed roln\u00edka, proto byly v\u017edy prov\u00e1zeny snahou o v\u010dasnou sklize\u0148 a minimalizaci ztr\u00e1t. Samotn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce byla velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na kv\u016fli \u010dasov\u00e9 t\u00edsni, kter\u00e1 ji prov\u00e1zela. Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 \u00faroda se toti\u017e musela sklidit b\u011bhem velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 doby, jinak zrna v klasu p\u0159ezr\u00e1la a za\u010dala vypad\u00e1vat, \u010d\u00edm\u017e sedl\u00e1k p\u0159i\u0161el o velkou \u010d\u00e1st sklizn\u011b. Doba sklizn\u011b se \u0159\u00eddila podle klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, ka\u017ed\u00fd druh obil\u00ed se skl\u00edzel p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dtrn\u00e1ct dn\u00ed p\u0159ed \u00fapln\u00fdm dozr\u00e1n\u00edm, aby se zamezilo vypad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zrna z klasu p\u0159i \u017enut\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pole se za\u010d\u00ednalo sekat, \u201ekdy\u017e ode\u0161la rosa\u201d. Pokud se obil\u00ed sekalo kosou s obloukem, muselo se sekat zprava doleva, aby se podetnut\u00e9 klasy zap\u0159ely o stoj\u00edc\u00ed obil\u00ed a tak bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 je sn\u00e1ze odebrat. Za sek\u00e1\u010dem tedy \u0161la \u201eodeb\u00edra\u010dka\u201d, kter\u00e1 posekan\u00e9 obil\u00ed odeb\u00edrala, rovnala do snopu a v\u00e1zala p\u0159edem p\u0159ipraven\u00fdm pov\u0159\u00edslem. Pov\u0159\u00edslo byla hrst klas\u016f sto\u010den\u00fdch do \u201eprov\u00e1zku\u201d (\u010dasto se p\u0159ipravovaly ji\u017e b\u011bhem zimy).<\/p>\n

Snopy se stav\u011bly do \u201epan\u00e1k\u016f\u201d v\u011bt\u0161inou z dev\u00edti snop\u016f zap\u0159en\u00fdch proti sob\u011b a navrch se stav\u011bl tzv. \u201eklobouk\u201d, co\u017e byl snop polo\u017een\u00fd p\u0159es vrch ostatn\u00edch snop\u016f, aby do klas\u016f nezatekla voda v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b de\u0161t\u011b. Sv\u00e1zan\u00e9 snopy se nech\u00e1valy v \u201epan\u00e1c\u00edch\u201d na poli je\u0161t\u011b 1\u20132 t\u00fddny, aby obil\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b dozr\u00e1lo a doschlo. Oves a je\u010dnem bylo nutno nechat na poli je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e9le, proto\u017ee jejich sl\u00e1ma dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00edce vlhkost. Po postaven\u00ed pan\u00e1k\u016f bylo je\u0161t\u011b pole p\u0159eb\u011bhnuto \u201etahouny\u201d, velk\u00fdmi hr\u00e1b\u011bmi (a\u017e 130 cm \u0161irok\u00fdmi), kter\u00e9 se t\u00e1hly za sebou, aby ani kl\u00e1sek nep\u0159i\u0161el nazmar. Na poli se se\u0161la cel\u00e1 rodina. Mu\u017ei sekali, \u017eeny odeb\u00edraly a v\u00e1zaly snopy, d\u011bti rozn\u00e1\u0161ely pov\u0159\u00edsla. Na v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch statc\u00edch byli na pomoc zv\u00e1ni \u017eenci z okol\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed pak dost\u00e1vali odm\u011bnu ve form\u011b j\u00eddla.<\/p>\n

V ne\u00farodn\u00fdch letech a letech hladomoru mohla vrchnost p\u016fj\u010dovat ze sv\u00fdch pansk\u00fdch s\u00fdpek sedl\u00e1k\u016fm osivo na set\u00ed (\u017eito, p\u0161enice, proso) Po \u017en\u00edch pak vraceli sedl\u00e1ci osivo zp\u011bt i s \u00farokem. \u00darok v obil\u00ed si ale vrchnost neponech\u00e1vala pro sebe, ale ulo\u017eila ho v s\u00fdpce pro budouc\u00ed pot\u0159ebu. Tak byl polo\u017een z\u00e1klad k tzv. kontribu\u010dn\u00edm (kontribu\u010densk\u00fdm) s\u00fdpk\u00e1m, do kter\u00fdch se musela \u010d\u00e1st \u00farody odv\u00e1d\u011bt povinn\u011b. Kontribu\u010densk\u00e9 s\u00fdpky byly stav\u011bny za vl\u00e1dy c\u00edsa\u0159e Josefa II. (syn Marie Terezie, kter\u00fd panoval v letech 1780 a\u017e 1790 s\u00e1m, a p\u0159ed t\u00edm deset rok\u016f spole\u010dn\u011b se svoj\u00ed matkou).<\/p>\n

V s\u00fdpk\u00e1ch se shroma\u017e\u010fovaly spole\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1soby obil\u00ed od v\u0161ech poddan\u00fdch pro l\u00e9ta ne\u00farody. S\u00fdpky (\u0161pejchary – z n\u011bm. Speicher) byly zpravidla samostatn\u011b stoj\u00edc\u00ed budovy, aby byly ochr\u00e1n\u011bny p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm ohn\u011b. V nich bylo zrn\u00ed uskladn\u011bno v asi metrov\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 vrstv\u011b na podlah\u00e1ch. S\u00fdpky byly nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi stavbami rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edch hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, a mnohdy byly budov\u00e1ny jako stavby, kter\u00e9 dodnes tvo\u0159\u00ed dominanty mnoha obc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zdroj. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh obil\u00ed, Spolek archaick\u00fdch nad\u0161enc\u016f 2010, Ing. Blanka Net\u00edkov\u00e1, Mgr. Lenka Houdkov\u00e1, Autor b\u00e1sn\u011b Heinrich Ertl<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Starc\u016fv <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":167006,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/28\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-\u017en\u011b.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136396"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=136396"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136396\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":167007,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136396\/revisions\/167007"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/167006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=136396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=136396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=136396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}