{"id":134171,"date":"2019-06-27T14:40:22","date_gmt":"2019-06-27T13:40:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=134171"},"modified":"2019-06-27T14:40:22","modified_gmt":"2019-06-27T13:40:22","slug":"stara-sumava-sumavske-seniky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=134171","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: \u0160umavsk\u00e9 sen\u00edky"},"content":{"rendered":"

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A\u017e pojedete kolem Volar….Louky pro na\u0161e p\u0159edky znamenaly d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st \u00farody, seno bylo hlavn\u00edm zdrojem krmiva i vyst\u00fdlkou pro hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Senose\u010d\u00ed koncem kv\u011btna v podstat\u011b p\u0159edch\u00e1zelo n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu obdob\u00ed sklizn\u011b, pln\u011bn\u00ed stodol a s\u00fdpek. Prvn\u00ed senose\u010d v dan\u00e9m roce byla proto i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed k n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00e9 oslav\u011b.<\/h6>\n

Na louku se vyr\u00e1\u017eelo za tmy, aby na ni sek\u00e1\u010di dorazili je\u0161t\u011b za rann\u00ed rosy. Vstupovali na ni s \u00factou a v\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee skl\u00edzej\u00ed n\u011bco, co sami nezaseli. Prvn\u00ed senose\u010d byla spojov\u00e1na s mnoha zvyky a dokonce i s \u010darov\u00e1n\u00edm. I doba senose\u010de byla v tradic\u00edch lidu podchycena. Sena sklizen\u00e1 koncem kv\u011btna si hospod\u00e1\u0159 nesm\u00edrn\u011b v\u00e1\u017eil. Hospodyn\u011b je d\u00e1valy dobytku \u201ejako l\u00e9ku\u201c.<\/p>\n

Dodr\u017eovala se u n\u00e1s tradice, kdy si ml\u00e1denci pe\u010dliv\u011b hl\u00eddali, kter\u00e1 d\u00edvka \u0161la poprv\u00e9 v nov\u00e9m roce na tr\u00e1vu. Tu potom pol\u00e9vali vodou, aby nebyla cel\u00fd rok leniv\u00e1. Platila pov\u011bra, \u017ee kdo sekl tr\u00e1vu na Svatodu\u0161n\u00ed sv\u00e1tky, tomu vypadalo tolik vlas\u016f, kolik st\u00e9bel tr\u00e1vy usekl. Jin\u00e1 pov\u011bra zase platila o tr\u00e1v\u011b utr\u017een\u00e9 na sv\u00e1tek Jana K\u0159titele. Utrhl-li hospod\u00e1\u0159, na tento sv\u00e1tek \u2013 24. 6., t\u0159i hrsti tr\u00e1vy ze sousedovy louky a tr\u00e1vu hodil na svoji louku, p\u0159et\u00e1hl tak v\u0161echen u\u017eitek k sob\u011b. Kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed senose\u010de byly dobou, kdy nadch\u00e1zely \u017en\u011b. A co se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1valo o sen\u011b? Seno, to je pose\u010den\u00e9 kv\u00edt\u00ed \u2013 tr\u00e1va vo\u0148av\u00e1. Po prv\u00e9 je to seno, po druh\u00e9 otavy.<\/p>\n

Rodn\u00e1 krajina se vyzna\u010dovala \u0161ir\u00fdmi lu\u010dn\u00edmi plochami kolem dokola vs\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e9mu n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edkovi padlo hned do oka mno\u017estv\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch sen\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1ly roztrou\u0161eny na zelen\u00fdch pastvin\u00e1ch. \u010casto se vyskytuj\u00ed dotazy po \u00fa\u010delu t\u011bchto v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch nebo tak\u00e9 men\u0161\u00edch d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch sen\u00edk\u016f, jak se jednotliv\u011b dnes daj\u00ed vid\u011bt u\u017e jen v Horn\u00edch Bavo\u0159\u00edch. P\u0159itom je tento druh staveb prastar\u00fd a poch\u00e1z\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b z doby, kdy volar\u0161t\u00ed m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 m\u011bli sv\u00e1 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed k pastv\u011b v les\u00edch na hodiny vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010dasech sice takov\u00e1 mo\u017enost pastvy pro velk\u00e1 st\u00e1da u\u017e neexistovala, navzdory tomu v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1vali m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 st\u00e1le dobr\u00fdmi dobytk\u00e1\u0159i a jejich domy skr\u00fdvaly i na samotn\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed m\u011bsta v\u017edy n\u011bjakou st\u00e1j plnou skotu. \u010cerstv\u00e9 krmen\u00ed pro ta zv\u00ed\u0159ata by se sotva sm\u011bstnalo v t\u011bsn\u00fdch volarsk\u00fdch d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch staven\u00edch; proto si ti lid\u00e9 po\u0159izovali na \u0161iroce okolo le\u017e\u00edc\u00edch luk\u00e1ch venkovn\u00ed sen\u00edky. P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161elo to r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody: v zim\u011b se mohlo seno, kdy\u017e u\u017e na n\u011b bylo doma dost m\u00edsta, dov\u00e9zt na san\u00edch a snadno tak p\u0159ekonat nyn\u00ed umrzl\u00e1 mok\u0159inat\u00e1 m\u00edsta a cesty v l\u00e9t\u011b t\u011b\u017eko sj\u00edzdn\u00e9. Dokonce i p\u0159es ledem pokryt\u00fd tok \u0159eky Vltavy i s jej\u00edmi star\u00fdmi koryty s\u00e1n\u011b lehce klouzaly.<\/p>\n

Pro velkou vzd\u00e1lenost mnoha luk od m\u011bsta mohli \u017eenci seno p\u0159ed n\u011bjak\u00fdm lij\u00e1kem rychleji dostat pod st\u0159echu. \u010casto se tak dalek\u00e1 cesta do Volar (Wallern) mohla jevit n\u011bjak\u00e9mu sek\u00e1\u010di i dost nepraktick\u00e1. Nebylo proto nijakou vz\u00e1cnost\u00ed, \u017ee vzal n\u011bkdo zavd\u011bk noclehem na vo\u0148av\u00e9m sen\u011b, aby p\u0159i prv\u00e9m jit\u0159n\u00edm \u010derv\u00e1nku nebo je\u0161t\u011b za svitu luny vstal a dal se op\u011bt do kosen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Sen\u00edky byly postaveny veskrze ze d\u0159eva – v d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010dasech z tlust\u00fdch, jen lehce sekyrou p\u0159itesan\u00fdch kl\u00e1d. Mal\u00e9 \u0161kv\u00edry mezi nimi nebyly nijak na z\u00e1vadu, n\u00fdbr\u017e d\u00e1valy naopak ulo\u017een\u00e9mu senu mo\u017enost dob\u0159e se nadechnout, prov\u011btrat a doschnout. Jako st\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed krytina byly u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny jako u volarsk\u00fdch d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch dom\u016f \u0161indele, zat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b kameny. Mnoh\u00e9 z t\u011bchto sen\u00edk\u016f m\u00edvaly je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159\u00edstavbu pro ta\u017en\u00e9 volky. Pozd\u011bji, kdy\u017e u\u017e byly kl\u00e1dy p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drah\u00e9, pob\u00edjely se st\u011bny sen\u00edk\u016f prkny a st\u0159echy sen\u00edk\u016f pokr\u00fdvaly dr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdmi ta\u0161kami. V\u017edy v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1valy venkovn\u00ed sen\u00edky pozn\u00e1vac\u00edm znamen\u00edm domovsk\u00fdch luk.<\/p>\n

Mnoh\u00e9 kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky z d\u011btstv\u00ed se k nim poj\u00ed: kdy\u017e tam sek\u00e1\u010di usedali k j\u00eddlu; kdy\u017e je n\u00e1hl\u00e1 bou\u0159ka poh\u00e1n\u011bla cel\u00e9 zpocen\u00e9 ke sp\u011bchu, aby sta\u010dili je\u0161t\u011b v\u010das seno dostat pod st\u0159echu a v n\u011bm, prodchnut\u00e9m opojnou v\u016fn\u00ed, mohli pak dlouho naslouchat jednotv\u00e1rn\u00e9mu bu\u0161en\u00ed de\u0161t\u011b na krytinu sen\u00edku. Tak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 mnoh\u00fd star\u00fd sen\u00edk ve vzpom\u00ednce bezpe\u010dn\u00fdm refugiem, \u00fatulkem a m\u00edstem bla\u017een\u00e9ho spo\u010dinut\u00ed po n\u00e1maze a t\u00edze senose\u010de. Dnes tyto tak typick\u00e9 doklady star\u00e9 selsk\u00e9 p\u00edle z lu\u010dn\u00edch niv zmizely – jako toliker\u00fd jin\u00fd obraz pam\u011bti na\u0161ich mlad\u00fdch let.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: “O \u0161umavsk\u00e9 povaze”- Rosa Tahedlov\u00e1, autor p\u0159ekladu a \u010desk\u00e9ho textu Jan Mare\u0161, Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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