{"id":13315,"date":"2022-04-07T22:46:06","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T21:46:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=13315"},"modified":"2022-04-08T20:39:04","modified_gmt":"2022-04-08T19:39:04","slug":"tradice-k-velikonocum-patri-ruzne-zvyky-a-symboly-nektere-uz-zanikly-jine-tu-jsou-s-nami-stale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=13315","title":{"rendered":"TRADICE: K velikono\u010dn\u00edm sv\u00e1tk\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 zvyky a symboly. N\u011bkter\u00e9 ji\u017e zanikly, jin\u00e9 tu jsou s n\u00e1mi st\u00e1le"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Jaro je toti\u017e kone\u010dn\u011b tady!<\/strong> Krom\u011b probouzej\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edrody je toto ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed spojen\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s n\u011bkolika sv\u00e1tky. Prvn\u00edm a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm sv\u00e1tkem, kter\u00fd je oslavou zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, jsou Velikonoce. Ty pat\u0159\u00ed k pohybliv\u00fdm sv\u00e1tk\u016fm, jeliko\u017e jejich datum nen\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b stanoveno. Ostatn\u00ed pohybliv\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky cel\u00e9ho roku se v\u017edy odvozuj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b od data Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011ble.<\/strong><\/h6>\n

V z\u00e1padn\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici p\u0159ipadaj\u00ed Velikonoce na ned\u011bli po prvn\u00edm jarn\u00edm \u00fapl\u0148ku, tedy na m\u011bs\u00edc b\u0159ezen \u010di duben. Slovansk\u00fd n\u00e1zev sv\u00e1tku, Velikonoce, se vztahuje na \u201evelkou noc\u201c, v n\u00ed\u017e byl Kristus vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en. Kristovo uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed se ud\u00e1lo kolem roku 30 \u010di 33 a k jeho zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed do\u0161lo t\u0159et\u00ed den po jeho uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. K Velikonoc\u016fm neodmysliteln\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 zvyky a symboly, n\u011bkter\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let zanikly, jin\u00e9 se v\u0161ak do pov\u011bdom\u00ed lid\u00ed vryly tak siln\u011b, \u017ee do budoucna si bez nich jen t\u011b\u017eko dok\u00e1\u017eeme oslavy p\u0159edstavit.<\/p>\n

Popele\u010dn\u00e1 st\u0159eda <\/strong>\u2013 tak se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 st\u0159eda p\u0159ed Bo\u017e\u00edm hodem velikono\u010dn\u00edm. \u0158\u00edkalo se j\u00ed \u0161kared\u00e1, \u010dern\u00e1 nebo tak\u00e9 sazometn\u00e1, proto\u017ee se vymetaly kom\u00edny. Podle lidov\u00e9ho oby\u010deje se nesm\u00edte tento den mra\u010dit, jinak se budete mra\u010dit po v\u0161echny dny v roce.<\/p>\n

Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek <\/strong>\u2013 d\u0159\u00edve lid\u00e9 na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek vst\u00e1vali \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no, rodina se spole\u010dn\u011b pomodlila a omyli se rosou, kter\u00e1 je m\u011bla ochr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed nemocemi. Na zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek vst\u00e1valy \u010dasn\u011b p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hospodyn\u011b, aby stihly zam\u00e9st d\u016fm je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed v\u00fdchodem slunce. Smet\u00ed pak odnesly na k\u0159i\u017eovatku cest, aby se v dom\u011b nedr\u017eely blechy. V tento den platila tak\u00e9 pov\u011bra, \u017ee kdo sn\u00ed p\u0159ed v\u00fdchodem slunce pe\u010divo namazan\u00e9 medem, je uchr\u00e1n\u011bn p\u0159ed u\u0161tknut\u00edm a \u017eihadly. V Orlick\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch zase h\u00e1zeli chl\u00e9b namazan\u00fd medem do studny, aby se v n\u00ed dr\u017eela voda po cel\u00fd rok. Na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek se tak\u00e9 pekly jid\u00e1\u0161e a pokud se jedly pot\u0159en\u00e9 medem, m\u011bly m\u00edt op\u011bt blahod\u00e1rn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek na zdrav\u00ed. V tento den bylo tak\u00e9 dobr\u00e9 s\u00edt len a hr\u00e1ch, proto\u017ee v\u0161e dob\u0159e prosp\u00edv\u00e1. Na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek byste nem\u011bli nikomu nic p\u016fj\u010dovat, aby se k V\u00e1m pen\u00edze jen hrnuly, a nem\u011bli byste se h\u00e1dat, aby se V\u00e1m konflikty vyh\u00fdbaly i po zbytek roku.<\/p>\n

Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek <\/strong>\u2013 lid\u00e9 vstali p\u0159ed v\u00fdchodem slunce, \u0161li se um\u00fdt do potoka, aby se jim vyh\u00fdbaly v\u0161echny nemoci. N\u011bkde se chlapci dokonce pot\u00e1p\u011bli, aby vylovili \u00fasty kam\u00ednek, kter\u00fd pak hodili za sebe. To m\u011blo poslou\u017eit jako ochrana p\u0159ed bolav\u00fdmi zuby. V kraj\u00edch s pl\u00e1tenickou v\u00fdrobou se p\u0159edly pa\u0161ijov\u00e9 nit\u011b, jimi\u017e se ud\u011blalo na \u0161atech p\u00e1r steh\u016f, je\u017e m\u011bly chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed uhranut\u00edm a zl\u00fdmi duchy. Ko\u0161ile u\u0161it\u00e1 z pl\u00e1tna pa\u0161ijov\u00fdch nit\u00ed tak\u00e9 chr\u00e1nila p\u0159ed bleskem. V tento den se nesm\u011blo nic p\u016fj\u010dovat, proto\u017ee p\u016fj\u010den\u00e1 v\u011bc by se mohla o\u010darovat. Nepracovalo se, aby se neh\u00fdbalo zem\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 se nepralo, proto\u017ee by se pr\u00e1dlo mohlo nam\u00e1\u010det m\u00edsto do vody do Kristovy krve. Na Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek chodili lid\u00e9 d\u016fm od domu, \u0159ehtali p\u0159itom \u0159ehta\u010dkami a oznamovali tak poledne a rann\u00ed i ve\u010dern\u00ed klek\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

B\u00edl\u00e1 sobota <\/strong>\u2013 na B\u00edlou sobotu nosili lid\u00e9 do pol\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eky vyroben\u00e9 z oho\u0159el\u00fdch d\u0159\u00edvek, aby bylo pole \u00farodn\u00e9. Louky se zas posyp\u00e1valy popelem z posv\u011bcen\u00e9ho ohn\u011b. N\u011bkde se uhl\u00edky d\u00e1valy za tr\u00e1m domu, aby chr\u00e1nily hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed p\u0159ed po\u017e\u00e1rem. Tento den je tak pojmenov\u00e1n tak\u00e9 proto, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edpravy na Bo\u017e\u00ed hod vrcholily a na sobotu p\u0159ipadl velk\u00fd \u00faklid a b\u00edlen\u00ed. Pekly se sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed pokrmy, mazance i ber\u00e1nci, pletly se poml\u00e1zky z vrbov\u00e9ho prout\u00ed, v\u00e1zaly se b\u0159ezov\u00e9 metli\u010dky a malovala se vaj\u00ed\u010dka.<\/p>\n

Bo\u017e\u00ed hod velikono\u010dn\u00ed <\/strong>\u2013 na Bo\u017e\u00ed hod se prov\u00e1d\u011blo sv\u011bcen\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00edch pokrm\u016f, ber\u00e1nk\u016f, mazanc\u016f, vajec, chleba i v\u00edna. Na Chodsku se posv\u011bcen\u00e9 j\u00eddlo jedlo ve stoje v kostele. Tak\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00e1 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva dostala kousek z posv\u011bcen\u00e9ho j\u00eddla. Ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch dal hospod\u00e1\u0159 kus sv\u011bcen\u00e9ho mazance, vejce a v\u00edno poli, zahrad\u011b i studni, aby bylo v\u0161eho dostatek.<\/p>\n

Velikono\u010dn\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed <\/strong>\u2013 na tento den p\u0159ipad\u00e1 poml\u00e1zka a velikono\u010dn\u00ed hodov\u00e1n\u00ed. Chlapci chod\u00ed d\u016fm od domu za d\u011bv\u010daty, \u0161lehaj\u00ed je poml\u00e1zkami a pron\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed p\u0159i tom koledy. Za to dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed malovan\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dka. Tento zvyk m\u00e1 v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik region\u00e1ln\u00edch variant. N\u011bkde je zvykem, \u017ee v \u00fater\u00fd chod\u00ed s poml\u00e1zkou d\u011bv\u010data, jinde pol\u00e9vaj\u00ed chlapce vodou.<\/p>\n

O st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00ed poml\u00e1zky <\/strong>sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed vzpom\u00ednky pra\u017esk\u00e9ho kazatele Konr\u00e1da Waldhausera ze 14. stol. Poml\u00e1zka vznikla od slova pomladit a mu\u017ei s n\u00ed \u0161lehaj\u00ed \u017eeny, aby s\u00edla z poml\u00e1zky p\u0159e\u0161la do \u010dlov\u011bka. A\u010dkoli m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vy\u0161leh\u00e1n\u00ed bolestiv\u00e9, nen\u00ed c\u00edlem zp\u016fsobovat p\u0159\u00edko\u0159\u00ed. Sp\u00ed\u0161e je poml\u00e1zka symbolem z\u00e1jmu mu\u017e\u016f o \u017eeny. Nenav\u0161t\u00edven\u00e9 d\u00edvky se mohou dokonce c\u00edtit ura\u017een\u00e9. Chlapci dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed na opl\u00e1tku malovan\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dka nebo jin\u00e9 dobroty. Poml\u00e1zka m\u00e1 v\u0161ak v r\u016fzn\u00fdch kraj\u00edch r\u016fzn\u00e1 pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed. Zn\u00e1me ji i pod n\u00e1zvy tatar nebo korb\u00e1\u010d. Dal\u0161\u00edmi pojmenov\u00e1n\u00edmi jsou koleda, mrskut \u010di seka\u010dka. Pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed pomnihod poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho ver\u0161e \u201ePomni hody do provody\u201c a d\u00e1le dynova\u010dka \u010di hodova\u010dka zase podle velikono\u010dn\u00edch hod\u016f, v\u00ednova\u010dka nebo b\u00ednova\u010dka podle toho, \u017ee se poml\u00e1zka n\u011bkde spl\u00e9tala z prut\u016f vinn\u00e9 r\u00e9vy. Ale \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 se j\u00ed i \u017e\u00edla, metla, \u0161leha\u010dka nebo \u0161viha\u010dka. Poml\u00e1zku d\u0159\u00edve um\u011bl upl\u00e9st ka\u017ed\u00fd kluk. Pletla se ze t\u0159\u00ed, osmi, dev\u00edti a \u0161estn\u00e1cti pruh\u016f, ale ty nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly dlouh\u00e9 a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i metry, byly ze \u0161edes\u00e1ti prut\u016f. P\u011bkn\u00e1 poml\u00e1zka byla chloubou ka\u017ed\u00e9ho koledn\u00edka. Za vy\u0161leh\u00e1n\u00ed dostali mu\u017ei a chlapci od d\u00edvky drobn\u00e9 poho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, vaj\u00ed\u010dko a trochu rosolky, co\u017e byl sladk\u00fd ovocn\u00fd lik\u00e9r. Na poml\u00e1zku d\u00edvka uv\u00e1zala barevnou pentli, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla tak\u00e9 svoji symboliku. Rud\u00e1 stuha znamenala n\u00e1klonnost a l\u00e1sku, modr\u00e1 zna\u010dila nad\u011bji, \u017elut\u00e1 odm\u00edtnut\u00ed a zelen\u00e1 stuha prozrazovala, \u017ee je chlapec u d\u00edvky obl\u00edben.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm z velikono\u010dn\u00edch symbol\u016f je vaj\u00ed\u010dko (kraslice)<\/strong> , jako symbol nov\u00e9ho \u017eivota. V mnoha kultur\u00e1ch vejce vyjad\u0159uje plodnost, \u017eivot a vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed. V souvislosti s lidovou tradic\u00ed vznikl zvyk vejce malovat. D\u016fvodem poj\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed vajec o Velikonoc\u00edch byla z\u0159ejm\u011b i skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se nesm\u011bla j\u00edst v postn\u00ed dob\u011b. V k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed se vejce vykl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako symbol zav\u0159en\u00e9ho hrobu, z n\u011bho\u017e vstal Kristus, jako symbol nesmrtelnosti. A\u010dkoli mnoho nen\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch tradic m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 ko\u0159eny v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 symbolice, n\u011bkter\u00e9 velikono\u010dn\u00ed symboly m\u016f\u017eeme vystopovat a\u017e z p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 doby.Nap\u0159\u00edklad zaj\u00ed\u010dek<\/strong> m\u00e1 z\u0159ejm\u011b p\u016fvod v pohansk\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lech oslavuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchod jara, av\u0161ak nap\u0159. v byzantsk\u00e9 ikonografii p\u0159edstavoval zaj\u00edc Krista.\u00a0Ber\u00e1nek<\/strong> je v k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed jedn\u00edm za symbol\u016f Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, proto\u017ee on je obrazn\u011b ber\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd byl ob\u011btov\u00e1n za sp\u00e1su sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n

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i\u0160UMAVA.cz<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Foto: archiv (red) – Za kr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Vimperk<\/p>\n

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  Jaro <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":251430,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/11\/velikonoce-5.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13315"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13315"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13315\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":251433,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13315\/revisions\/251433"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13315"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13315"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13315"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}