{"id":133074,"date":"2019-06-23T15:10:07","date_gmt":"2019-06-23T14:10:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=133074"},"modified":"2019-06-23T15:10:07","modified_gmt":"2019-06-23T14:10:07","slug":"stara-sumava-bajecny-svet-hub","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=133074","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: B\u00e1je\u010dn\u00fd sv\u011bt hub"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Houby, stejn\u011b jako dnes, l\u00e1kaly pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ji\u017e na \u00fasvitu vzd\u011blanosti \u010dlov\u011bka, aby je sb\u00edral, v\u00e1bily jej ji\u017e v pralese podobn\u011b jako r\u016fzn\u00e9 plody, barvou, tvary i v\u00fdraznou v\u016fn\u00ed nebo chut\u00ed. L\u00e1kaly jej stejn\u011b nebo je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce jako r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky a \u0161krobovit\u00e9 ko\u0159eny, je\u017e tak\u00e9 vyhrab\u00e1val zahnutou hol\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

Prastar\u00fdm oby\u010dejem jest jist\u011b ro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed hub nad otev\u0159en\u00fdm oknem pod \u0161ir\u00fdm nebem…Houby se u n\u00e1s oded\u00e1vna tak\u00e9 su\u0161\u00ed \u2013 su\u0161en\u00e9 houby jsou uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 mezi d\u00e1vkami, kter\u00e9 museli poddan\u00ed odv\u00e1d\u011bt vrchnosti v 18. stolet\u00ed (Vilikovsk\u00fd). \u010cesk\u00e9 houba\u0159en\u00ed se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vyv\u00edjelo.<\/p>\n

Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku a na po\u010d\u00e1tku novov\u011bku si botanika s houbami nev\u011bd\u011bla rady a sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159ed nimi lid varovala.V dob\u011b renesance za\u010dala b\u00fdt intenz\u00edvn\u011b studov\u00e1na p\u0159\u00edroda. Vznikaly \u010detn\u00e9 herb\u00e1\u0159e s podrobn\u00fdmi z\u00e1pisy a obr\u00e1zky rostlin v\u010detn\u011b hub. \u0160lo p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b o popisy velk\u00fdch kloboukat\u00fdch hub a choro\u0161\u016f. Vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed rakousk\u00fd botanik Charles de l\u00b4Ecluse (1526-1609) uve\u0159ejnil v\u00edce ne\u017e sto druh\u016f hub a sv\u00e9 popisy opat\u0159il pom\u011brn\u011b zda\u0159il\u00fdmi obr\u00e1zky.<\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak p\u016fvod hub z\u016fstal z\u00e1hadou a\u017e do 19. stolet\u00ed. Slavn\u00fd Petr Ond\u0159ej Matthioli ve sv\u00e9m Herb\u00e1\u0159i p\u00ed\u0161e: “Houby vesm\u011bs nejsou ani byliny, ani ko\u0159en\u00ed, ani kv\u011bt, ani semeno, n\u00fdbr\u017e sama pouh\u00e1 zbyte\u010dn\u00e1 vlhkost zem\u011b, strom\u016f, shnil\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed a jin\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed. Nejv\u00edce a nejsp\u00ed\u0161e pak vyr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed a vyr\u016fstaj\u00ed ze zem\u011b, kdy\u017e m\u00e1 h\u0159m\u00edti a pr\u0161eti\u2026”<\/em> Mathioli uv\u00e1d\u00ed i prost\u0159edky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 p\u0159i otrav\u00e1ch houbami: \u201eK\u0159en va\u0159en\u00fd anebo sma\u017een\u00fd s houbami odn\u00edm\u00e1 jim zlou a \u0161kodlivou jejich povahu a d\u011bl\u00e1 z nich p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd a chutn\u00fd pokrm. Tak\u00e9 se mohou va\u0159iti s plan\u00fdmi nebo pe\u010den\u00fdmi hru\u0161kami a tak nebudou \u0161kodliv\u00e9. Kdo by jedl jedovat\u00e9 nebo nedob\u0159e p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 houby, m\u00e1 hned d\u00e1viti a vz\u00edti sm\u011bs \u0159etkvov\u00e9ho semene ve vla\u017en\u00e9 vod\u011b s octem. Tak\u00e9 jest dobr\u00e9 p\u00edti ho\u0159\u010dici, angelikov\u00fd ko\u0159en nebo libe\u010dek, utlu\u010den\u00fd na pr\u00e1\u0161ek, ve v\u00edn\u011b.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee ona zbyte\u010dn\u00e1 vlhkost byla nejen nutnou potravou chud\u00fdch venkovan\u016f, ale i \u017e\u00e1danou pochoutkou \u0161lechty. Obl\u00edben\u00e9 byly hlavn\u011b \u0161pi\u010dky, h\u0159iby a tak\u00e9 smr\u017ee, jedni z prvn\u00edch posl\u016f jara po huben\u00fdch zim\u00e1ch. Houb\u00e1m se kdysi \u0159\u00edk\u00e1valo maso chud\u00fdch. Trhy jich byly pln\u00e9 a mohl si je dovolit ka\u017ed\u00fd. Sb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed hub bylo tedy zpo\u010d\u00e1tku d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm zdrojem ob\u017eivy, volno\u010dasovou aktivitou a tradic\u00ed se stalo a\u017e pozd\u011bji. V 19. stolet\u00ed se houba\u0159sk\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00ed rozr\u016fstalo hlavn\u011b d\u00edky mnoha venkovsk\u00fdm u\u010ditel\u016fm, amat\u00e9rsk\u00fdm mykolog\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u00fdtili st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 houba\u0159sk\u00e9 pov\u011bry.<\/p>\n

Na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed byly voln\u011b rostouc\u00ed houby sb\u00edr\u00e1ny odprad\u00e1vna. Jednu z prvn\u00edch nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch zm\u00ednek o konzumaci hub z lese nach\u00e1z\u00edme dokonce v legend\u011b Utrpen\u00ed sv. Vojt\u011bcha napsan\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu ji\u017e 11. stolet\u00ed. V kronice Dalimilov\u011b, je\u017e byla dops\u00e1na kolem roku 1314, se zase p\u00ed\u0161e o trh\u00e1n\u00ed hl\u00edvy ze stromu, co\u017e je p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1no ke snadn\u00e9 a nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Dal\u0161\u00edmi d\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 jsou um\u00edst\u011bny v Jagellonsk\u00e9 knihovn\u011b v Krakow\u011b, jsou t\u0159i l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 spisy, jejich\u017e n\u00e1zev \u010desky zn\u00ed Nov\u00e1 ochrana a opatrov\u00e1n\u00ed zdrav\u00ed. Ty ji\u017e rad\u00ed, kter\u00e9 houby sb\u00edrat a jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich nad\u00e1le p\u0159ipravovat.<\/p>\n

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010das\u016f se n\u00e1zory na konzumaci a pou\u017eit\u00ed hub li\u0161il, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na pansk\u00fdch dvorech a u vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vrstvy. O\u0161et\u0159ovatel Karla IV. dokonce varoval panovn\u00edka p\u0159ed poj\u00edd\u00e1n\u00edm hub a o jejich nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b se shodou okolnost\u00ed spekuluje o c\u00edsa\u0159ov\u011b otrav\u011b jedovat\u00fdmi houbami. Nutno ov\u0161em podotknout, \u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00fd prost\u00fd lid navzdory tomu ke sb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a konzumaci hub p\u0159istupoval kladn\u011b, mnohdy a\u017e s \u00factou. Dosv\u011bd\u010duj\u00ed to pak zejm\u00e9na recepty a rady u\u017e z 15. stolet\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edpravu pokrm\u016f z hub. \u010casto se tato lidov\u00e1 j\u00eddla stala sama o sob\u011b ob\u0159adn\u00edmi.<\/p>\n

Dodnes se v Podkrkono\u0161\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v n\u011bkter\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch p\u0159ipravuje nejen na V\u00e1noce hubn\u00edk a na \u0160umav\u011b zase houbov\u00fd Kuba. I vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vrstvy se leckdy p\u0159ipojily, nap\u0159. na z\u00e1mek v Da\u010dic\u00edch, m\u011bli poddan\u00ed za povinnost v 17. stolet\u00ed nosit ur\u010dit\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed smr\u017e\u016f a jin\u00fdch hub.<\/p>\n

V nejstar\u0161\u00edm n\u011bmeck\u00e9m herb\u00e1\u0159i najdeme slova: Houby jsou d\u011btmi boh\u016f, v\u017edy\u0165 se rod\u00ed bez semen. P\u016fvodn\u011b byly houby za\u0159azov\u00e1ny mezi rostliny, dnes tvo\u0159\u00ed samostatnou skupinu. Autor p\u0159ibli\u017euje tak\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed Bo\u017eeny N\u011bmcov\u00e9, podle \u010desk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 legendy, o putov\u00e1n\u00ed svat\u00e9ho Petra s Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161em po zemi. Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 na svatb\u011b chud\u00fdch lid\u00ed odm\u00edtl na cestu kol\u00e1\u010dky, aby chud\u00fdm nebral j\u00eddlo. Petr si je potaj\u00ed vzal, po cest\u011b je za\u010dal j\u00edst. Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 se ho v\u017edy n\u011bco zeptal, aby mohl odpov\u011bd\u011bt tak je vyplivoval. Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 mu \u0159ekl, aby se vr\u00e1til a kol\u00e1\u010dky sesb\u00edral. Vyrostly z nich houby \u201eBo\u017e\u00ed dar\u201c. \u00bbTo se stalo, Honz\u00ed\u010dku, kdy\u017e jsi byl je\u0161t\u011b na houb\u00e1ch!\u00ab Sl\u00fdchali jsme to v na\u0161em d\u011btstv\u00ed my a dost mo\u017en\u00e1, to dnes \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me na\u0161im d\u011btem. Pro\u010d ale zrovna na houb\u00e1ch? Jednou z teori\u00ed je ta, \u017ee sb\u011br hub m\u00edvala d\u0159\u00edve na starosti p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed ml\u00e1de\u017e. Tu v\u0161ak vyh\u0159\u00e1t\u00e9 meze l\u00e1kaly i k jin\u00fdm radov\u00e1nk\u00e1m. D\u011btem, kter\u00e9 se pak z takov\u00e9ho \u00bbhouba\u0159en\u00ed\u00ab narodily, vlastn\u011b rodi\u010de ani nelhali.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Houby Emerenz Meier, \u010dasopis Vital 4\/96,<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Houby, <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":163725,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/23\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-sv\u011bt-hub.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133074"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=133074"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133074\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":163726,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133074\/revisions\/163726"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/163725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=133074"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=133074"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=133074"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}