{"id":131739,"date":"2022-07-10T20:08:07","date_gmt":"2022-07-10T19:08:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=131739"},"modified":"2022-07-10T20:08:07","modified_gmt":"2022-07-10T19:08:07","slug":"stara-sumava-mista-nejvice-liduprazdna-a-opustena","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=131739","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: M\u00edsta nejv\u00edce lidupr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 a opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

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… Moje uboh\u00e1, prost\u00e1 \u0160umavo, milovan\u00fd domove na\u0161ich otc\u016f! P\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed a odch\u00e1zej\u00ed, oce\u0148uj\u00ed tvou kr\u00e1su, ani\u017e by ji vid\u011bli. Nedok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nahmatat puls \u017eivota; jejich srdce je studen\u00e9 a jejich mysl pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1. Co je jim po tom, jak to tady bylo d\u0159\u00edv a jak to bude vypadat v budoucnosti?…<\/h6>\n

Ten kraj pod vrchem Roklanem na Modravsku je pln\u00fd temn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f. Nejv\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00e9 a odlehl\u00e9 m\u00edsto uprost\u0159ed zelen\u00fdch \u0161umavsk\u00fdch les\u016f, kde za prvn\u00ed republiky \u017eily cel\u00e9 rodiny d\u0159evorubc\u016f a lesn\u00edk\u016f, je dnes lidupr\u00e1zdn\u00e9. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy odtud ale nezmizely. Mezi B\u0159ezn\u00edkem (P\u00fcrstling) a Roklanem (Rachel), nedaleko hranice s Bavorskem, le\u017eela nejv\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00e1 obytn\u00e1 stavba na \u0160umav\u011b. Na m\u00fdtin\u011b vprost\u0159ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nekone\u010dn\u00fdch les\u016f rozlehl\u00fdch slat\u00ed byla tu kolem roku 1804 zbudov\u00e1na schwarzenbersk\u00fdm panstv\u00edm. St\u00e1la na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm \u00fapat\u00ed Medv\u011bd\u00ed hory (1224 m) p\u0159i lev\u00e9m b\u0159ehu Roklansk\u00e9ho potoka v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 1180 metr\u016f. P\u016fvodn\u011b bydlel v domku pouze lesn\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzenec, drvo\u0161t\u011bp, kter\u00fd krom\u011b sv\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed poskytoval schwarzenbersk\u00fdm host\u016fm i n\u00e1hodn\u00fdm turist\u016fm skromn\u00e9 ob\u010derstven\u00ed, \u201ebylo mo\u017eno zde noclehovati na \u010dty\u0159ech l\u016f\u017ek\u00e1ch, co\u017e se doporu\u010duje t\u011bm, kdo cht\u011bj\u00ed z Roklanu vid\u011bti v\u00fdchod slunce,\u201c jak ud\u00e1val Kafk\u016fv ilustrovan\u00fd Pr\u016fvodce po vlastech \u010cesk\u00fdch. V h\u00e1jovn\u011b p\u0159esp\u00e1vali i d\u0159eva\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed krom\u011b pr\u00e1ce v lese pom\u00e1hali p\u0159i plaven\u00edm d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed. Plavbu posilovala voda zadr\u017eovan\u00e1 ve zbudovan\u00e9 hektarov\u00e9 vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ei, zvan\u00e9 Schwelle.<\/p>\n

Z\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm vchynicko-tetovsk\u00e9ho plavebn\u00edho kan\u00e1lu m\u011bla b\u00fdt umo\u017en\u011bna doprava d\u0159eva z odlehl\u00fdch lesn\u00edch parti\u00ed. Tady p\u0159i Roklansk\u00e9 h\u00e1jence, v roce 1936 za\u010dal Klub \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch turist\u016f Su\u0161ice stav\u011bt nedaleko h\u00e1jenky svou Roklanskou chatu, kter\u00e1 byla slavnostn\u011b otev\u0159ena o t\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji, vznikla vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017eka, kter\u00e1 z\u00e1sobovala vodou z\u010d\u00e1sti regulovan\u00fd Roklansk\u00fd potok (d\u0159\u00edve M\u00fcllerbach). T\u00edm m\u011bla b\u00fdt zaji\u0161t\u011bna mo\u017enost levn\u011b a rychle plavit d\u0159evo z t\u00e9to odlehl\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 kon\u010diny ke kan\u00e1lu a po n\u011bm d\u00e1l. Pomoc\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch pilot\u016f a zeminy byla navr\u0161ena 45 metr\u016f \u0161irok\u00e1 hr\u00e1z a 4 metry hlubok\u00e1 hektarov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017e. Prvn\u00edm rev\u00edrn\u00edkem tu byl Josef Trampus, kter\u00fd se do h\u00e1jenky nast\u011bhoval roku 1869 s man\u017eelkou a t\u0159emi mal\u00fdmi d\u011btmi, se dv\u011bma kozami a s p\u00e1rem slepic. Byla to obrovsk\u00e1 v\u00fdzva \u017e\u00edt v t\u00e9to odlou\u010denosti s mal\u00fdmi d\u011btmi za dlouh\u00fdch zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed soused\u00e9 bydlili v 5 kilometr\u016f vzd\u00e1len\u00e9m B\u0159ezn\u00edku a o 7 kilometr\u016f je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1l polo\u017een\u00e9 Modrav\u011b (Mader). Pan\u00ed Trampusov\u00e1 byla v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165anka a v “Bo\u017e\u00edm kout\u011b” m\u011bla vedle k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee zav\u011b\u0161eny obr\u00e1zky svat\u00fdch a Marie Panny.<\/p>\n

Ne\u017e byla v roce 1937 zbudov\u00e1na vedle h\u00e1jenky turistick\u00e1 chata, kter\u00e1 se zachovala dodnes, mohli poutn\u00edci zav\u00edtat i do h\u00e1jenky a dokonce tu v n\u00ed i p\u0159enocovat. Vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017eka dnes u\u017e neexistuje, pon\u011bvad\u017e hr\u00e1z byla za komunistick\u00e9 \u00e9ry v roce 1958 vyhozena do pov\u011bt\u0159\u00ed, kdy\u017e se v n\u00ed m\u011bl pr\u00fd \u00fadajn\u011b utopit voj\u00e1k Pohrani\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ee. Rev\u00edrn\u00edk na Roklansk\u00e9 h\u00e1jence m\u011bl organizovat t\u011b\u017ebu d\u0159eva a jeho plaven\u00ed, platil tak\u00e9 d\u011bln\u00edky za vykonanou pr\u00e1ci. Kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00ed lesn\u00edci byli tehdy ch\u00e1p\u00e1ni jako zosobn\u011bn\u00ed pozemkov\u00e9 vrchnosti. Pro d\u0159evorubce byli dlouho “velkomo\u017en\u00fdmi” p\u00e1ny a “milostp\u00e1ny” nebo tak\u00e9 “p\u00e1ny otci'”.<\/p>\n

V l\u00e9t\u011b byly paseky plny \u017eivota. Pr\u00e1ce se soust\u0159e\u010fovala na por\u00e1\u017een\u00ed strom\u016f pomoc\u00ed seker, pil b\u0159ichatek a kl\u00edn\u016f z bukov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva. Kmeny byly zbavov\u00e1ny v\u011btv\u00ed a k\u016fry a roz\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1ny pak na kl\u00e1dy a polena. Kon\u011b a voli stahovali kmeny ke slo\u017ei\u0161t\u00edm. Odtud byly v zim\u011b sv\u00e1\u017eeny san\u011bmi na b\u0159ehy n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a potok\u016f. V\u017edycky sv\u00e1\u017eelo d\u0159evo v\u00edce san\u00ed najednou, aby se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e9ho ohro\u017een\u00ed dalo pomoci spojen\u00fdmi silami.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e v zim\u011b hodn\u011b sn\u011b\u017eilo, pr\u0161ely d\u0159evorubc\u016fm i pen\u00edze, pon\u011bvad\u017e p\u0159i sv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed d\u0159eva vyd\u011blali i t\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u00edce ne\u017e za jin\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. Velk\u00e9 s\u00e1n\u011b roha\u010dky musily dostat polena a kl\u00e1dy z horsk\u00fdch les\u016f do \u00fadol\u00ed. Asi t\u0159i plnometry, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 v\u00e1ze t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvou tun, byly k s\u00e1n\u00edm upevn\u011bny \u0159et\u011bzy a provazy. Brzdilo se kovov\u00fdmi trny na pat\u00e1ch, zvan\u00fdmi dr\u00e1py \u010di pa\u0159\u00e1ty, a n\u011bjak\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edv\u011bskem, \u0161lo pr\u00fd t\u0159eba i o otepi chvoj\u00ed \u010di chrast\u00ed, ale zejm\u00e9na ov\u0161em vlastn\u00ed silou, obratnost\u00ed a s pomoc\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed. P\u0159i vysok\u00e9m sn\u011bhu pou\u017e\u00edvali d\u0159evorubci na cest\u011b do pr\u00e1ce sn\u011b\u017enice, p\u0159i vlastn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci v lese ov\u0161em nikoli. Ko\u017een\u00e9 boty si mohli dovolit jen v minim\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e, ovazovali si chodidla hadry a nosili d\u0159ev\u00e1ky s pono\u017ekami z ov\u010d\u00ed vlny nebo vysok\u00e9 plst\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00e1lenky. Tak\u00e9 rukavice vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdroby byly obvykl\u00e9. Chvoj\u00ed se v\u00e1zalo do otep\u00ed a k\u016fra se u\u017e\u00edvala v ko\u017eelu\u017en\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

D\u0159evo bylo nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm bohatstv\u00edm \u0160umavy, vyu\u017e\u00edvalo se v\u0161ude a ke v\u0161em. Plavebn\u00ed sez\u00f3na zapo\u010dala s t\u00e1n\u00edm sn\u011bhu v dubnu. Plaven\u00ed ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 “Schwemmen” se t\u00fdkalo polenov\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, slovem “Triften” pak se rozum\u011blo plaven\u00ed kl\u00e1d nebo jednotliv\u00fdch kmen\u016f. Kdy\u017e se kmeny spojily v jeden vor, hovo\u0159ilo se o “Fl\u00f6\u00dfen”. Na vrcholu \u00e9ry plaven\u00ed d\u0159eva p\u0159i\u0161la ov\u0161em se svou i konkurence: uhl\u00ed, silnice a \u017eeleznice. Vysoce hodnotn\u00e9, odv\u011btven\u00e9 kmeny s t\u011bsn\u00fdmi letokruhy p\u0159ij\u00edmala a dob\u0159e platila Bienertova pila na Modrav\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u201eTu otev\u0159ela se p\u0159ed nimi hol\u00e1 pl\u00e1\u0148, zably\u0161tilo se zrcadlo vodn\u00ed, domek tu st\u00e1l skromn\u00fd, d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd, bez patra, vlevo les kostrbat\u00fd, z n\u011bho\u017e tu a tam \u010dn\u011bl nebety\u010dn\u00fd velik\u00e1n a povyrostl\u00e9 ml\u00e1z\u00ed kolem n\u011bho m\u011blo vrcholky do sebe spleten\u00e9, b\u00edl\u00e9 byly pn\u011b, v\u011btve \u0161ed\u00fdm mechem pota\u017eeny, cel\u00e1 p\u016fda mrtvolami smr\u010dk\u016f r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti poseta \u2013 prales. A d\u00e1le vlevo, nad \u010dern\u011b temn\u00e9 lesy vyp\u00ednaj\u00edc, dvouhlav\u00e1 modr\u00e1 hora, na jej\u00edm\u017e hol\u00e9m temeni oko rozezn\u00e1valo v pr\u016fzra\u010dn\u00e9m, jasn\u00e9m vzduchu nakupen\u00e9 balvany temno\u0161ed\u00e9 barvy. Rev\u00edrn\u00edk prstem uk\u00e1zal: \u201eRoklan.\u201c \u201eA ta voda?\u201c t\u00e1zala se mlad\u00e1 pan\u00ed. \u201ePodroklansk\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017eka.\u201c<\/em>…Karel Klostermann \/ Ze sv\u011bta lesn\u00edch samot<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Hans Aschenbrenner Der B\u00f6hmerwald, wo er am einsamsten ist., autor p\u0159ekladu a \u010desk\u00e9ho textu Jan Mare\u0161,Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna, Klostermann – \u010crty ze \u0160umavy<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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