{"id":129375,"date":"2019-04-27T09:15:38","date_gmt":"2019-04-27T08:15:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=129375"},"modified":"2019-04-27T09:15:38","modified_gmt":"2019-04-27T08:15:38","slug":"stara-sumava-majka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=129375","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: M\u00e1jka"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Stav\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1jek je jarn\u00ed slavnost, kter\u00e1 je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. Je poz\u016fstatkem star\u00e9 pohansk\u00e9 slavnosti, kdy strom pok\u00e1cen\u00fd v lese a um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd uprost\u0159ed vesnice p\u0159edstavoval str\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho ducha, kter\u00fd chr\u00e1nil nejen obyvatele vesnice, ale i jejich obydl\u00ed, pole i sady.<\/h6>\n

Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b \u0160umav\u011b po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed p\u011bstovali sv\u00e9 domovsk\u00e9 zvyky a oby\u010deje a zachov\u00e1vali je p\u0159i \u017eivot\u011b. P\u0159evzaty z d\u00e1vn\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch dob a propojeny s k\u0159es\u0165anskou tradic\u00ed, st\u00e1le pak pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny nov\u00fdmi generacemi, prom\u011bnily se v kolob\u011bhu roku ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich pro sebe ve sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed slavnost zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho druhu.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00edho kv\u011btna nebo i v cel\u00e9m jeho pr\u016fb\u011bhu bylo, a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech republiky st\u00e1le je, zvykem vyr\u00e1b\u011bt jak\u00e9si stromov\u00e9 modly, bohat\u011b zdoben\u00e9, s v\u011bncem na \u0161pici. Vzty\u010den\u00ed a ozdoben\u00ed m\u00e1jky byla po dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta oslava l\u00e1sky, plodnosti, ml\u00e1d\u00ed a tak\u00e9 jakousi spole\u010denskou tradic\u00ed, na kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto pod\u00edlela i vrchnost.<\/p>\n

Zvyk stav\u011bt m\u00e1je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b od star\u00fdch pohan\u016f \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad od Slovan\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v tento \u010das uct\u00edvali moc bohyn\u011b Lady, p\u0159edstavitelky plodnosti, jara, man\u017eelstv\u00ed a nov\u00e9ho \u017eivota. M\u00e1jka, symbolizuj\u00edc\u00ed strom \u017eivota, je zdobena t\u0159emi v\u011bnci. Ty zna\u010d\u00ed plodnost, plodnost pod zem\u00ed, na zemi a nad zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

O staroslovansk\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lech se dochovalo nemnoho informac\u00ed, proto\u017ee d\u011bjiny p\u00ed\u0161ou v\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e9, ale p\u0159eci jen se sem tam n\u011bjak\u00e1 zkazka objev\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad legenda o benediktinsk\u00e9m kl\u00e1\u0161te\u0159e na Lys\u00e9 ho\u0159e uv\u00e1d\u00ed: kl\u00e1\u0161ter byl vybudov\u00e1n v 16. stolet\u00ed; p\u0159edt\u00edm tam v\u0161ak a\u017e do 12. stolet\u00ed fungovalo posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 m\u00edsto pro modly t\u0159\u00ed bo\u017estev \u2013 Lady, Body a Lel\u2019y, kter\u00fdm pr\u00fd prvn\u00edho kv\u011btna jejich n\u00e1sledovn\u00edci p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli dary. Legenda byla potvrzena archeology, kte\u0159\u00ed na ho\u0159e nalezli kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsto datovan\u00e9 a\u017e do 9. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Takto oby\u010dej popsal roku 1579 Jan Mirotick\u00fd:
\n\u201eT\u00e9ho\u017e \u010dasu ml\u00e1denci do vsi cel\u00e9 stromov\u00ed smrkov\u00e9 neb sosnov\u00e9 vn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed, kter\u00e9\u017e z d\u016flu oklest\u00edce, vrchn\u00ed ratolesti zrcadly, sklenicemi, v\u011bnci a pl\u00ed\u0161ky zlata v\u011bncov\u00e9ho bly\u0161t\u00edc\u00edmi se ozdob\u00ed a strom ten do zem\u011b vetknouce, p\u0159es cel\u00e9 l\u00e9to tak st\u00e1ti nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Pod m\u00e1j\u00ed se v\u011bt\u0161inou sch\u00e1zela cel\u00e1 vesnice, hr\u00e1la muzika, tan\u010dilo se a po p\u0159eveden\u00ed obyvatel na k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed se p\u0159edstavovaly lidov\u00e9 hry s t\u00e9matikou v\u00fdjev\u016f z Bible. Mlad\u00edci tak\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017eili ve \u0161plhu na m\u00e1j a z\u00edsk\u00e1vali trofeje nav\u00e1zan\u00e9 na v\u011bnci na \u0161pici. M\u00e1j v\u011bt\u0161inou st\u00e1la na n\u00e1vsi a\u017e do svatodu\u0161n\u00edho pond\u011bl\u00ed, n\u011bkdy a\u017e do l\u00e9ta.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b velk\u00e9 m\u00e1je na n\u00e1vsi se stav\u011blo mno\u017estv\u00ed mal\u00fdch \u201em\u00e1j\u00ed\u010dk\u016f\u201c p\u0159ed okny a na st\u0159ech\u00e1ch jednotliv\u00fdch dom\u016f v\u011bt\u0161inou na znamen\u00ed po\u010destnosti d\u00edvek, kter\u00e9 je ob\u00fdvaly. Stav\u011bli je brat\u0159i, kamar\u00e1di nebo n\u00e1padn\u00edci d\u00edvek. \u0160patn\u011b na tom byla d\u00edvka, kter\u00e9 se m\u00edsto m\u00e1je objevil p\u0159ed domem slam\u011bn\u00fd v\u011bchet nara\u017een\u00fd na d\u0159ev\u011bnou ty\u010d, proto\u017ee to bylo znamen\u00ed, \u017ee u\u017e nen\u00ed panna.<\/p>\n

Leckter\u00fd ml\u00e1denec t\u0159eba stav\u011bl m\u00e1j sv\u00e9 d\u00edvce pod okny tajn\u011b v noci, aby ho nep\u0159istihl otec d\u00edvky, kter\u00fd u\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad vybral sv\u00e9 dce\u0159i jin\u00e9ho \u017eenicha. V\u0161ak se tak\u00e9 na Klatovsku zp\u00edv\u00e1valo:\u00a0\u201eNa rozlou\u010den\u00ed, m\u00fd pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed! Postav\u00edm pod okny m\u00e1j: aby v\u011bd\u011bli fale\u0161n\u00ed lidi, \u017ee jsem j\u00e1 chod\u00edval k v\u00e1m.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech p\u0159isuzovali m\u00e1j\u00edm moc ochr\u00e1nit vesnici p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi \u017eivly. Nap\u0159\u00edklad na P\u00edsecku p\u0159ikazovali hospod\u00e1\u0159i chase, aby p\u0159ed ka\u017edou bou\u0159kou stav\u011bla m\u00e1je, co\u017e pr\u00fd byla zaru\u010den\u00e1 ochrana p\u0159ed krupobit\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tkem 18. stolet\u00ed bylo stav\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1j\u00ed tak obl\u00edben\u00e9, \u017ee vrchnost musela jejich stav\u011bn\u00ed zak\u00e1zat, aby j\u00ed nevznikala v les\u00edch kv\u016fli k\u00e1cen\u00ed \u0161koda, pod pokutou nebo zmu\u010den\u00edm. V roce 1637 ozna\u010dila c\u00edrkev m\u00e1jku za nestydatou v\u011bc a pokusila se ji zak\u00e1zat. Nesetkala se v\u0161ak s \u00fasp\u011bchem, pro lid byla m\u00e1jka siln\u011b zako\u0159en\u011bnou tradic\u00ed. D\u00edky m\u00e1jce je kv\u011bten ozna\u010dov\u00e1n za m\u011bs\u00edc l\u00e1sky po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, ne nadarmo se j\u00edm Karel Hynek M\u00e1cha inspiroval.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Wookie Morrowindov\u00e1, Antonie Hartberg z publikovan\u00e9 sb\u00edrky Lieb und Leid v Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fanech roku 1904<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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  Stav\u011bn\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":158509,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/27\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-m\u00e1jka.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129375"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=129375"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129375\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":158510,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129375\/revisions\/158510"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/158509"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=129375"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=129375"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=129375"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}