{"id":127004,"date":"2026-03-31T11:17:29","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T10:17:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=127004"},"modified":"2026-03-31T21:37:56","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T20:37:56","slug":"duben-a-nase-dejiny-nektere-udalosti-ktere-mely-v-minulosti-zasadni-vyznam-pro-nasi-zemi-a-nas-narod","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=127004","title":{"rendered":"DUBEN A NA\u0160E D\u011aJINY: N\u011bkter\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly v minulosti z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro na\u0161i zemi a n\u00e1\u0161 n\u00e1rod"},"content":{"rendered":"

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P\u0159ipome\u0148me si dal\u0161\u00ed pam\u011btihodn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti z \u010desk\u00e9 historie, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly pro na\u0161i zemi z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam.\u00a0V t\u00e9to souvislosti dod\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br a koment\u00e1\u0159 jednotliv\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete ch\u00e1pat jako autorsky naprosto subjektivn\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

1085 \u2013<\/strong> \u010cesk\u00fd kn\u00ed\u017ee Vratislav II. obdr\u017eel od c\u00edsa\u0159e Jind\u0159icha IV. kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd titul jako prvn\u00ed z \u010desk\u00fdch panovn\u00edk\u016f, by\u0165 je\u0161t\u011b pouze pro svou osobu, nikoliv d\u011bdi\u010dn\u011b. \u010ce\u0161t\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 (druh\u00fdm byl ve 12. stolet\u00ed Vladislav II. a kone\u010dn\u011b d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fd titul z\u00edskal P\u0159emysl I. Otakar) byli po samotn\u00e9m kr\u00e1li Svat\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 jedin\u00fdmi nositeli tohoto vysok\u00e9ho titulu osv\u011bd\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed v r\u00e1mci politick\u00e9ho \u00fatvaru Svat\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 ve st\u0159edov\u011bku. \u010cesk\u00fd kr\u00e1l byl tak\u00e9 jedn\u00edm ze sedmi \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fdch kurfi\u0159t\u016f, mj. volitel\u016f kr\u00e1le \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

1. 4.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1926 \u2013 zah\u00e1jen\u00ed \u010dinnosti N\u00e1rodn\u00ed banky \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9, a.s., s povahou \u201eve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu\u201c. Do t\u00e9 doby jako jej\u00ed p\u0159edch\u016fdce vykon\u00e1val p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou agendu Bankovn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad p\u0159i ministerstvu financ\u00ed.<\/p>\n

3. 4.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1915 \u2013<\/strong> 28. pra\u017esk\u00fd p\u011b\u0161\u00ed pluk p\u0159e\u0161el na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed front\u011b za 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky na stranu Ruska. Pozd\u011bji tak u\u010dinili hromadn\u011b tak\u00e9 voj\u00e1ci 36.mladoboleslavsk\u00e9ho p\u011b\u0161\u00edho pluku. V roce 1915 p\u0159eb\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed \u201e\u010desk\u00fdch\u201c pluk\u016f a men\u0161\u00edch vojensk\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f na ruskou stranu nab\u00fdvalo masov\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka. Z t\u011bchto jednotek mohly vzniknout \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 legie v Rusku (na dal\u0161\u00edch front\u00e1ch byly vytvo\u0159eny i francouzsk\u00e9 a italsk\u00e9 \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 legie), kter\u00e9 sehr\u00e1ly v\u00fdznamnou roli ve v\u011bci obnovy \u010desk\u00e9 samostatn\u00e9 st\u00e1tnosti a zalo\u017een\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska.<\/p>\n

5. 4.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1355 \u2013<\/strong> Karel IV. dos\u00e1hl b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 j\u00edzdy nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 panovnick\u00e9 hodnosti \u2013 c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9ho titulu. Do t\u00e9 doby vl\u00e1dl v Svat\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 jako zvolen\u00fd \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l. Auctoritas imperialis byla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b v politick\u00e9 rovin\u011b st\u00e1le velmi vysok\u00e1 a Karel byl od roku 1237 po dlouh\u00e9 dob\u011b prvn\u00edm c\u00edsa\u0159em s pape\u017esk\u00fdm posv\u011bcen\u00edm, proto si tohoto presti\u017en\u00edho \u00fasp\u011bchu velmi pova\u017eoval, stejn\u011b jako j\u00edm z\u00edskal je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed respekt v zahrani\u010dn\u00ed i dom\u00e1c\u00ed politice, ne\u017e doposud.<\/p>\n

1945 \u2013<\/strong> Vyhl\u00e1\u0161en Ko\u0161ick\u00fd vl\u00e1dn\u00ed program \u201en\u00e1rodn\u00ed a demokratick\u00e9 revoluce.\u201c Na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto programu byl vytv\u00e1\u0159en nov\u00fd politick\u00fd syst\u00e9m pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010ceskoslovenska na principu \u201elidov\u00e9 demokracie\u201c; v jeho r\u00e1mci byla vytvo\u0159ena N\u00e1rodn\u00ed fronta, tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1klad politick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu v socialistick\u00e9m \u010ceskoslovensku po celou jeho \u00e9ru. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed fronta sdru\u017eovala politick\u00e9 strany a organizace v\u0161ech sm\u011br\u016f, kter\u00e9 doma i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed vedly n\u00e1rodn\u011b osvobozeneck\u00fd boj proti fa\u0161ismu. V souladu s t\u00edmto vl\u00e1dn\u00edm programem byly z politick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu vy\u0159azeny ty politick\u00e9 s\u00edly a strany, kter\u00e9 se zkompromitovaly spoluprac\u00ed s fa\u0161ismem, nebo se pod\u00edleli na likvidaci republiky v dob\u011b \u201eMnichova.\u201c Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed programu bylo i vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu st\u00e1tn\u00ed moci ve form\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00edch v\u00fdbor\u016f. D\u00e1le program zahrnoval po\u017eadavek konfiskace majetku fa\u0161istick\u00fdch nep\u0159\u00e1tel i dom\u00e1c\u00edch kolaborant\u016f, co\u017e ji\u017e p\u0159ed \u00fanorem 1948 v\u00fdzn amn\u011b zas\u00e1hlo do ekonomick\u00fdch a mocensk\u00fdch pozic bur\u017eoazie v \u010ceskoslovensku.<\/p>\n

7. 4.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1348 \u2013<\/strong> Zalo\u017een\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9 univerzity Karlem IV. Byla to prvn\u00ed vysok\u00e1 \u0161kola tohoto typu ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku ji tvo\u0159ily 4 fakulty, spl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed po\u017eadavky na univerzitn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 doby \u2013 artistick\u00e1 (vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed tzv. sedmi svobodn\u00fdch um\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e zahrnovalo obory gramatika, r\u00e9torika, dialektika, aritmetika, geometrie, astronomie a hudba), na kter\u00e9 studium za\u010d\u00ednalo a po n\u00ed\u017e bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pokra\u010dovat na vybran\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch fakult\u00e1ch, jimi\u017e byly teologick\u00e1, pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 a l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

15. 4.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1818 \u2013<\/strong> Zalo\u017een\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edho muzea v Praze.<\/p>\n

16. 4.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1919 \u2013<\/strong> P\u0159ijet\u00ed z\u00e1kona o pozemkov\u00e9 reform\u011b v \u010ceskoslovensku. Podle tohoto z\u00e1kona do\u0161lo k z\u00e1boru pozemk\u016f zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy v rozsahu nad 150 ha, nebo jak\u00fdchkoliv jin\u00fdch pozemk\u016f v rozsahu nad 250 ha. Rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed zabran\u00fdch pozemk\u016f ur\u010doval n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00fd z\u00e1kon p\u0159ijat\u00fd v roce 1920.<\/p>\n

21. 4.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1945 \u2013<\/strong> Jednotky 3. americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy vstoupily na \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed a obsadily A\u0161.<\/p>\n

25. 4.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1945 \u2013<\/strong> Ji\u017e v kapitole v\u011bnovan\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edci b\u0159eznu v \u010desk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch zmi\u0148ovan\u00fd posledn\u00ed n\u00e1let na plze\u0148skou \u0160kodovku, kter\u00e1 byla v jeho d\u016fsledku ze 70 procent zni\u010dena. N\u00e1let provedlo 276 bombard\u00e9r\u016f B-17, zahynulo 76 m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel. Od roku 1942 provedli z\u00e1padn\u00ed spojenci 11 n\u00e1let\u016f na plze\u0148skou \u0160kodovku a Plze\u0148, tak\u017ee dob\u0159e znali navigaci t\u00edmto sm\u011brem. Takto zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed byl v\u0161ak a\u017e tento posledn\u00ed vzdu\u0161n\u00fd \u00fatok. Britov\u00e9 se sna\u017eili \u00fato\u010dit na Plze\u0148 u\u017e od roku 1940, tyto \u00fatoky v\u0161ak skon\u010dily v\u011bt\u0161inou \u00fapln\u00fdm fiaskem. Zat\u00edmco snahu zas\u00e1hnout \u0160kodovku jako velmi v\u00fdznamnou zbrojovku ze strany z\u00e1padn\u00edch spojenc\u016f lze do roku 1944 pova\u017eovat za pochopitelnou, s\u00e9rii n\u00e1let\u016f na \u010desk\u00e1 m\u011bsta a zejm\u00e9na dopravn\u00ed uzly a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 objekty v posledn\u00edch t\u00fddnech v\u00e1lky u\u017e t\u011b\u017eko.<\/p>\n

1945 \u2013<\/strong> Osvobozen\u00ed Brna 2. ukrajinsk\u00fdm frontem<\/p>\n

28. 4.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1900 \u2013<\/strong> Prvn\u00ed \u010ceskomoravsk\u00e1 tov\u00e1rna na stroje v Praze \u2013 Libni, jak zn\u011bl jej\u00ed n\u00e1zev, vyrobila prvn\u00ed \u010deskou lokomotivu. Zah\u00e1jila tak mnohaletou \u010deskou stroj\u00edrenskou tradici v tomto v\u00fdrobn\u00edm segmentu.<\/p>\n

30. 4.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1344 \u2013<\/strong> Pape\u017eskou bulou Klimenta VII. (kter\u00fd byl vychovatelem Karla IV. v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei v dob\u011b jeho d\u011btstv\u00ed a ml\u00e1d\u00ed) bylo pov\u00fd\u0161eno pra\u017esk\u00e9 biskupstv\u00ed na arcibiskupstv\u00ed. \u010cesk\u00e9 zem\u011b se t\u00edm staly v c\u00edrkevn\u00ed oblasti nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi na N\u011bmecku. Prvn\u00edm pra\u017esk\u00fdm arcibiskupem byl Arno\u0161t z Pardubic.<\/p>\n

1945 \u2013<\/strong> Osvobozen\u00ed Ostravy sov\u011btsk\u00fdmi vojsky za \u00fa\u010dasti jednotek 1. \u010ds. arm\u00e1dn\u00edho sboru. N\u011bmci ztratili b\u011bhem ostravsk\u00e9 operace 100.000 mu\u017e\u016f na mrtv\u00fdch, zran\u011bn\u00fdch a nezv\u011bstn\u00fdch a 150.000 zajat\u00fdch. Na stran\u011b osvobozuj\u00edc\u00edch sov\u011btsk\u00fdch a \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch jednotek padlo na 24.000 voj\u00e1k\u016f a 89.000 bylo ran\u011bn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Pro zaj\u00edmavost tak\u00e9: 1. 4. 1987<\/strong> zah\u00e1jen\u00ed provozu leteck\u00e9 z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 slu\u017eby v \u010ceskoslovensku a to ve St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9m kraji; provoz zaji\u0161\u0165ovala Leteck\u00e1 slu\u017eba Feder\u00e1ln\u00edho ministerstva vnitra; 5. 4. 1937<\/strong> zah\u00e1jen\u00ed provozu na Leti\u0161ti Praha-Ruzyn\u011b, 10. 4. 1348<\/strong> zalo\u017een\u00ed Karl\u0161tejna, 18.4.1389<\/strong> na tehdej\u0161\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed hod velikono\u010dn\u00ed prob\u011bhl v Praze velk\u00fd pogrom \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta pot\u00e9, co p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu \u017eidovsk\u00fdm m\u011bstem katolick\u00e9ho kn\u011bze jdouc\u00edho zaopat\u0159ovat um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edho a nesenou sv\u00e1tost olt\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed zas\u00e1hly n\u011bk\u00fdm hozen\u00e9 kameny (3000 ob\u011bt\u00ed pogromu). 26.4.1476<\/strong> byl dokon\u010den tisk nejstar\u0161\u00ed datovan\u00e9 ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 knihy v \u010cech\u00e1ch, Statut\u016f arcibiskupa Arno\u0161ta z Pardubic v latinsk\u00e9m jazyce. Tisk provedla tisk\u00e1rna v Plzni pod patronac\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9 kapituly, kter\u00e1 sem byla do\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159es\u00eddlen\u00e1.<\/p>\n

ZV\u011aDAVEC<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Foto: Marek NAHODIL \u2013\u00a0www.nahodil.photography<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Galerie sn\u00edmk\u016f Marka Nahodila v MAGAZ\u00cdNU Za kr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Vimperk<\/a><\/h6>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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