{"id":126920,"date":"2019-04-21T22:06:14","date_gmt":"2019-04-21T21:06:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=126920"},"modified":"2019-04-22T17:34:43","modified_gmt":"2019-04-22T16:34:43","slug":"stara-sumava-velikonocni-pondeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=126920","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Velikono\u010dn\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Poml\u00e1zka<\/h6>\n
Na poml\u00e1zku moje mil\u00e1,<\/em>
\n u\u017e si proutky spl\u00edt\u00e1m.<\/em>
\n Vaj\u00ed\u010dka jsem obarvila,<\/em>
\n ver\u0161\u00edk p\u00ed\u0161i ti tam.<\/em><\/h6>\n
\u0158ekne\u0161 mi jej? \u2013 Ale ano.<\/em>
\n Tak mi srdce pot\u011b\u0161!<\/em>
\n Z l\u00e1sky bylo darov\u00e1no.<\/em>
\n A na druh\u00e9m tot\u00e9\u017e<\/em>. (Jaroslav Seifert)<\/h6>\n
Velikono\u010dn\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed, tak\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed, den po Zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b, se nese ve znamen\u00ed ritu\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 b\u00fdvaj\u00ed ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako “p\u0159echodov\u00e9” – symbolizuj\u00ed p\u0159echod zimy k jaru. I na \u0160umav\u011b se probouzelo jaro poml\u00e1zkou.<\/h6>\n

Zejm\u00e9na o pond\u011bl\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00edm \u0161lehali v podh\u016f\u0159\u00ed chlapci d\u011bv\u010data, aby byla zdr\u00e1va a sv\u011b\u017e\u00ed. Poml\u00e1zka podobn\u011b jako metli\u010dky v l\u00e1zni, m\u011bla pomoci k osv\u011b\u017een\u00ed a prokrven\u00ed t\u011bla, podle jist\u00e9ho v\u00fdkladu t\u00edmto prokrven\u00edm dokonce m\u011bla povzbudit u d\u00edvek pohlavn\u00ed aktivitu.<\/p>\n

Na horn\u00ed \u0160umav\u011b o Velikono\u010dn\u00edm pond\u011bl\u00ed pos\u00edlali kmot\u0159i sv\u00fdm kmot\u0159enc\u016fm \u010derven\u011b obarven\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dka, kol\u00e1\u010de a buchty. D\u00edvky sv\u00fdm chlapc\u016fm pos\u00edlaly uzl\u00ed\u010dek, ve kter\u00e9m byl velikono\u010dn\u00ed boch\u00e1nek, \u010derven\u00e9 vaj\u00ed\u010dko, \u0161\u00e1tek, kapesn\u00edk i ko\u0161ile. Tento jist\u011b v\u00edtan\u00fd d\u00e1rek z l\u00e1sky opl\u00e1celi chlapci t\u00edm, \u017ee svou milou vyvedli odpoledne auf Emauz, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee s n\u00ed podnikli vych\u00e1zku, \u0161li s n\u00ed k muzice do hostince, kde platili ve\u0161kerou \u00fatratu.<\/p>\n

Evangelijn\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o cest\u011b Kristov\u00fdch u\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f do Emauz z bohoslu\u017eeb pond\u011bl\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00edho se prom\u00edtlo i do emauzsk\u00e9ho chozen\u00ed o tomto dnu – ji\u017e brzy r\u00e1no vych\u00e1zeli emauz\u0161t\u00ed chodci, aby s modlitbou a se zbo\u017en\u00fdm zp\u011bvem nav\u0161t\u011bvovali v okol\u00ed kapli\u010dky a bo\u017e\u00ed muka.<\/p>\n

Oby\u010dej, podle n\u011bho\u017e rodi\u010de ukr\u00fdvaj\u00ed malovan\u00e1 vejce a vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed pak d\u011bti, aby je hledaly, \u00fadajn\u011b s vysv\u011btlen\u00edm, \u017ee jim je \u201esnesl\u201c<\/em> zaj\u00edc, byl zn\u00e1m na \u0160umav\u011b v 17. stolet\u00ed. K roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zvyku p\u0159isp\u011bla pov\u00eddka n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho \u0161koln\u00edho inspektora Christopha von Schmida \u201eOstereier\u201c (1816), i u n\u00e1s vyd\u00e1van\u00e1 v \u010desk\u00e9m p\u0159ekladu, v n\u00ed\u017e se vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee zaj\u00ed\u010dek sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pro poslu\u0161n\u00e9 d\u011bti barevn\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dka; d\u011bti je na\u0161ly v hn\u00edzde\u010dk\u00e1ch v lese.<\/p>\n

\u201eVelikono\u010dn\u00ed zaj\u00edc\u201c \u010di \u201eOsterhase\u201c<\/em> byl p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n v lidov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed pozvolna, nejd\u0159\u00edve ve m\u011bstech a \u010dast\u011bji v n\u011bmeck\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch, i kdy\u017e ne v\u0161ude stejn\u011b. Zdroj roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tohoto u n\u00e1s nedom\u00e1c\u00edho jevu post\u0159ehl u\u017e ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt. \u201eA nyn\u00ed cel\u00e1 stupnice a\u017e do omrzen\u00ed zaj\u00edc\u016f velikono\u010dn\u00edch s kraslicemi ve v\u0161ech p\u0159irozen\u00fdch i karikovan\u00fdch podob\u00e1ch, u cukr\u00e1\u0159e, u pap\u00edrn\u00edka, u peka\u0159e, u ozdobn\u00edka, na dopisnic\u00edch atd., v\u0161ude n\u00e1s pron\u00e1sleduje ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e1 a nijak sli\u010dn\u00e1 velikono\u010dn\u00ed moda zaj\u00edcov\u00e1, ciz\u00ed p\u016fvodem i v\u00fdkladem\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n

Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obchodn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b se zaj\u00edc, zpodoben\u00fd v ust\u00e1len\u00fdch sch\u00e9matech (pan\u00e1\u010dkuj\u00edc\u00ed, s krosni\u010dkou na z\u00e1dech) na pohlednic\u00edch, reklam\u00e1ch, obalech na zbo\u017e\u00ed, na s\u00e1\u010dc\u00edch od barev na vejce, jako potravina (\u010dokol\u00e1dov\u00e9 a pern\u00edkov\u00e9 figurky) i bonboni\u00e9ra, stal novodob\u00fdm symbolem Velikonoc, tedy sv\u011btsk\u00e9ho pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e1tku, a p\u0159ekryl tak starou p\u0159edstavu o pt\u00e1c\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\u017d\u00e1douc\u00edm velikono\u010dn\u00edm d\u00e1rkem d\u011bt\u00ed v rodin\u00e1ch byla cukrov\u00e1 vejce, kupovan\u00e1 na velikono\u010dn\u00edm trhu. Uvnit\u0159 byl z pap\u00edru plasticky zhotoven\u00fd v\u00fdjev (jesli\u010dky, Uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed) zakryt\u00fd celuloidem, aby bylo vid\u011bt dovnit\u0159. N\u00e1pl\u0148 zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 symboly a sc\u00e9ny se vkl\u00e1dala i do sko\u0159\u00e1pky pe\u010dliv\u011b roz\u0159\u00edznut\u00e9ho slepi\u010d\u00edho vejce.<\/p>\n

Barven\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00edch vajec, nejstar\u0161\u00ed na \u010derveno, je z\u00e1kladn\u00edm zdoben\u00edm. Odtud se v \u010cech\u00e1ch ozna\u010duje velikono\u010dn\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed \u010derven\u00fdm a Velikonoce \u010derven\u00fdmi sv\u00e1tky. V k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m v\u00fdkladu symbolizuje \u010derven\u00e9 vejce pam\u00e1tku na prolitou krev Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, co\u017e se p\u0159eneslo i do lidov\u00e9ho pod\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eO velikonoc\u00edch va\u0159\u00ed se vejce \u010derven\u00e1 na pam\u00e1tku, \u017ee Kristus tak zbi\u010dov\u00e1n byl, a\u017e cel\u00e9 t\u011blo jeho krv\u00ed zrudlo.\u201c<\/em> Kdy tradice chozen\u00ed s poml\u00e1zkou vznikla, nen\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b zn\u00e1mo, ale u\u017e ve 14. stolet\u00ed se o n\u00ed zmi\u0148uje pra\u017esk\u00fd kazatel Konr\u00e1d Waldhauser. \u00bbPostille pra\u017esk\u00fdch student\u016f\u00ab k\u00e1\u017ee na velikonoce, \u017ee svobodn\u00fd, \u017eenat\u00fd, ka\u017ed\u00fd na velikonoce m\u00e1 zachovati mravnost, cudnost. Proto pr\u00fd v pond\u011bl\u00ed a \u00fater\u00fd velikono\u010dn\u00ed man\u017eel\u00e9 si p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed tuto povinnost, p\u0159edepsanou od c\u00edrkve, \u0161lehaj\u00edce se proutky, metlami. P\u0159ivstanou si \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no a \u0161lehaj\u00ed se hned na l\u016f\u017eku. <\/em><\/p>\n

Tento oby\u010dej naz\u00fdv\u00e1 N\u011bmec Waldhauser svou rodnou \u0159e\u010d\u00ed \u00bbS m e c k o s t e r n\u00ab, tedy po n\u011bmecku tak, jako podnes lid n\u011bmeck\u00fd naz\u00fdva poml\u00e1zku, \u00bbSchmeckostern\u00ab, v po\u010de\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 \u00faprav\u011b lidu \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho \u00bb\u0161merkust\u00ab, \u00bb\u0161mek\u016fstr\u00ab, \u00bb\u0161merkouz\u00ab, \u00bb\u0161migrust\u00ab, \u00bbmrzkouz\u00ab a pod. <\/em><\/p>\n

O velikono\u010dn\u00edm pond\u011bl\u00ed a \u00fater\u00fd se pr\u00fd \u0161lehali man\u017eel\u00e9 a milenci. Vdan\u00e9 \u017eeny koledn\u00edci vy\u0161lehali proto, aby jim vyhnali zl\u00fd jazyk. Tak\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159 vy\u0161lehal \u010del\u00e1dku, aby nebyla l\u00edn\u00e1, kr\u00e1vu, aby se brzy otelila a ovocn\u00e9 stromky, aby se probudily ze zimn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku k dal\u0161\u00ed \u00farod\u011b.<\/p>\n

Ve sv\u00e9m velikono\u010dn\u00edm k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed Jan Hus v souladu s dobou napom\u00ednal v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed k dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed povinnosti \u010distoty a cudnosti o velikono\u010dn\u00edch hodech slovy: A proto \u017eeny druh\u00fd den po Velikonoc\u00edch mrskaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 man\u017eely; t\u0159et\u00ed den naopak man\u017eel\u00e9 man\u017eelky, a sice r\u00e1no v posteli pruty nebo rukama nebo p\u011bst\u00ed. To se d\u011bje na znamen\u00ed toho, \u017ee se maj\u00ed navz\u00e1jem napom\u00ednat, aby jeden od druh\u00e9ho v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nevy\u017eadoval ani pln\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00e9 man\u017eelsk\u00e9 povinnosti. A tak ti, kte\u0159\u00ed mrskaj\u00ed druh\u00e9, \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed: Pomni hody!, \u010d\u00edm\u017e m\u00edn\u00ed: A tak vy, \u017eeny, mrskejte r\u00e1no po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b sv\u00e9 mu\u017ee prutem, jestli\u017ee od v\u00e1s vy\u017eaduj\u00ed man\u017eelskou povinnost v t\u011bchto posv\u00e1tn\u00fdch dnech. <\/em><\/p>\n

Jan Jen\u00edk, ryt\u00ed\u0159 z Brat\u0159ic (1755-1848), o velikono\u010dn\u00edch zvyc\u00edch sepsal: Hod slavn\u00fd aneb Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b. O t\u011bchto velikono\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00e1tc\u00edch chod\u00edvaj\u00ed ji\u017e n\u011bco i vyrostl\u00e9 d\u011bti na poml\u00e1zku. Oni m\u00edvaj\u00ed ze t\u0159ech proutk\u016f s t\u0159emi pram\u00ednky zpletenou ratolest, z kter\u00e9ho\u017e pleten\u00ed kousinky sukna rozli\u010dn\u00e9 barvy vykoukaj\u00ed a p\u0159i konci t\u00e9ho\u017e zpleten\u00e9ho prutu naho\u0159e jest nastr\u010den\u00e9 vaj\u00ed\u010dko nebo z pentle ud\u011blan\u00e1 ma\u0161li\u010dka. Do kter\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edbytku vkro\u010dej\u00ed, prosej\u00ed o poml\u00e1zku, tj. o \u010derven\u00e9 vejce \u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc. <\/em><\/p>\n

A tak tedy a\u017e letos zase zanotuj\u00ed v p\u0159eds\u00edni d\u011bti i la\u0161kovn\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00ed v pond\u011bl\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b, \u0161lehaj\u00edce proutky dom\u00e1c\u00ed, d\u011bti a \u010dele\u010f, vzpom\u00ednejte, \u017ee po sedm set let (ne-li v\u00edce) zazn\u00edvaj\u00ed tyto lidov\u00e9 poml\u00e1zky po dom\u00e1cnostech \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch v \u00faprav\u011b dne\u0161n\u00ed ji\u017e zkomolen\u00e9, nap\u0159.: Pomni hody na provody, dejte \u010derven\u00fd vejce, ned\u00e1te-li \u010derven\u00fd, dejte aspo\u0148 b\u00edl\u00fd, slepi\u010dka v\u00e1m snese jin\u00fd, za kamny v koutku, na zelen\u00e9m proutku, slepi\u010dka se popel\u00ed, vaj\u00ed\u010dko se kotal\u00ed; slepi\u010dka kd\u00e1\u010de, pajm\u00e1mo, poneste kol\u00e1\u010de!<\/em><\/p>\n

Jako d\u00edlo ne\u0159esti a \u0159\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed bl\u00e1zn\u016f vid\u011bl poml\u00e1zku v Praze roku 1610 italsk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 Guarinoni. Ve sv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed prodej barevn\u00fdch spl\u00e9tan\u00fdch dlouh\u00fdch prut\u016f na pra\u017esk\u00fdch ulic\u00edch a n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00edch. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd mu\u017esk\u00fd si ji pr\u00fd koup\u00ed a kde potk\u00e1 prost\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, pannu nebo \u0161lechtic \u017eenu, tam je mrskaj\u00ed p\u0159es pa\u017ee a ruce “pro velikono\u010dn\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dka nebo dokonce pro jejich \u010dest<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

O velikono\u010dn\u00edm \u00fater\u00fd byli dle zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho Itala mrsk\u00e1ni ml\u00e1denci mlad\u00fdmi \u017eenami pro vejce a k jeho \u00fa\u017easu byly v ten den v pra\u017esk\u00fdch kr\u010dm\u00e1ch bujar\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 radov\u00e1nky a z\u00e1bavy, nejen tolerovan\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 i vrchnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Dolo\u017een v pr\u00e1ci J. Richtera, Dissertatio de ovis paschalibus, von Oster-Eiern. Heidelberg 1682. Srv. \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt, Rozpravy doktorsk\u00e9 o p\u016fvodu kraslic. \u010cesk\u00fd lid 27, 1927, s. 244. \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt, Cizokrajn\u00ed zaj\u00edci a dom\u00e1c\u00ed sk\u0159ivani ve zvyklostech velikono\u010dn\u00edch. \u010cesk\u00e9 slovo 6, 1912, \u010d. 83, s. 3, Frolcov\u00e1, V.: Velikonoce v \u010desk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 kultu\u0159e. Vy\u0161ehrad 2001 \u010cesk\u00fd lid 26, 1926, s. 286<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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