{"id":126863,"date":"2019-04-20T23:08:41","date_gmt":"2019-04-20T22:08:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=126863"},"modified":"2019-04-21T22:03:25","modified_gmt":"2019-04-21T21:03:25","slug":"stara-sumava-velikonocni-nedele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=126863","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011ble"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Po mysteriu Velk\u00e9 noci nadch\u00e1z\u00ed nov\u00fd den a s n\u00edm z h\u00e1jemstv\u00ed smrti povst\u00e1v\u00e1 i nov\u00fd \u017eivot, o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd utrpen\u00edm a napln\u011bn\u00fd nad\u011bj\u00ed. Smutek st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1 radost, op\u011bt naplno zazn\u00ed zvony, nast\u00e1v\u00e1 ned\u011ble Zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/h6>\n

S velk\u00fdm zaujet\u00edm pr\u00fd lid\u00e9 na \u0160umav\u011b dodr\u017eovali star\u00fd zvyk vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho \u0165uk\u00e1n\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dky. D\u011blali to doma, nebo \u010dasto za bujar\u00e9ho vesel\u00ed venku p\u0159ed kostelem po skon\u010den\u00ed slavn\u00e9 m\u0161e svat\u00e9 na Bo\u017e\u00ed hod. Uzav\u00edraly se s\u00e1zky o to, \u010d\u00ed vejce se uk\u00e1\u017ee jako siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Vyhr\u00e1val a vaj\u00ed\u010dko z\u00edsk\u00e1val ten, kdo protivn\u00edkovi vaj\u00ed\u010dko sv\u00fdm vaj\u00ed\u010dkem prorazil. Vaj\u00ed\u010dko se dr\u017eelo tak, aby mezi prsty byla jen mal\u00e1 plocha vaj\u00ed\u010dka voln\u00e1. <\/span><\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b se vaj\u00ed\u010dko na\u0165uk\u00e1valo minc\u00ed – krejcarem. Kdy\u017e mince z\u016fstalo ve vaj\u00ed\u010dku v\u011bzet, z\u00edskal vaj\u00ed\u010dko ten, kdo krejcar hodil. Kdy\u017e ale sko\u0159\u00e1pka nebyla prora\u017eena, vyhr\u00e1l krejcar ten, kdo dr\u017eel vejce. P\u0159ed ob\u011bdem na Bo\u017e\u00ed hod si \u0165ukali s vaj\u00ed\u010dky man\u017eel\u00e9. \u010c\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dko se d\u0159\u00edv prokleplo, ten pr\u00fd zem\u0159el d\u0159\u00edv ne\u017e ten druh\u00fd. <\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ed sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm ob\u011bdem se m\u011bl na la\u010dn\u00fd \u017ealudek poj\u00edst kousek z posv\u011bcen\u00fdch velikono\u010dn\u00edch vaj\u00ed\u010dek, kter\u00e9 kn\u011bz p\u0159edt\u00edm po\u017eehnal dopoledne v kostele. V horn\u00ed \u0160umav\u011b s velk\u00fdm pod\u00edlem n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho obyvatelstva se p\u011b\u0161\u00ed prosebn\u00e9 pr\u016fvody do pol\u00ed\u010dek pojily s ob\u0159adn\u00edmi j\u00edzdami na kon\u00edch. J\u00edzdy tvo\u0159ila sm\u011bs p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch lidov\u00fdch ob\u0159ad\u016f vegata\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu a k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 symboliky. Star\u0161\u00ed vrstvou t\u00e9to tradice bylo no\u010dn\u00ed obj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed hranic pol\u00ed s k\u0159\u00ed\u017eem (ochrana uzav\u0159en\u00edm prostoru kruhem) a lidov\u00e9 sv\u011bcen\u00ed (zastrk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u011bcen\u00fdch v\u011btvi\u010dek do pole) za zp\u011bvu duchovn\u00edch p\u00edsn\u00ed a od\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed modliteb.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b si na velikono\u010dn\u00ed vigilii p\u0159ipomn\u011bli Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovo zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed, Bo\u017e\u00ed hod velikono\u010dn\u00ed se nese u\u017e zcela ve znamen\u00ed jeho oslav. K velikono\u010dn\u00ed ned\u011bli pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed lidov\u00e9 zvyky. Podle evangelia p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed v ned\u011bli r\u00e1no \u017eeny k Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovu hrobu, ale k\u00e1men je od vchodu odvalen. Uvnit\u0159 nikoho nenach\u00e1zej\u00ed, jenom ln\u011bn\u00e1 pl\u00e1tna a rou\u0161ku, do kter\u00fdch byla ovinuta Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova hlava. <\/span><\/p>\n

Podle \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e je ned\u011ble prvn\u00edm dnem v t\u00fddnu a dle starod\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zvyku vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho z \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 nov\u00fd den ji\u017e po z\u00e1padu slunce. A pr\u00e1v\u011b prvn\u00ed ned\u011bli po jarn\u00ed rovnodennosti na\u0161ly \u017eeny brzo r\u00e1no hrob Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd. <\/span><\/p>\n

Oslava vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed proto za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 bohoslu\u017ebou zvanou vigilie ji\u017e od sobotn\u00edho podve\u010dera, ned\u011bln\u00ed m\u0161e pak m\u00e1 b\u00fdt co nejslavnostn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Oslavy ned\u011bln\u00edho vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed se staly z\u00e1kladem ka\u017edoned\u011bln\u00edch dopoledn\u00edch bohoslu\u017eeb. Ned\u011ble pak m\u011bla b\u00fdt zasv\u011bcena odpo\u010dinku a rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a posl\u00e9ze jako obecn\u011b vzat\u00fd sv\u00e1tek plnila tak\u00e9 roli dne dobr\u00fdch skutk\u016f a milost\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

Na B\u00edlou sobotu nape\u010den\u00e9 velikono\u010dn\u00ed pokrmy se nosily na ned\u011bln\u00ed m\u0161i a sv\u011btily se. Kousky sv\u011bcen\u00fdch pokrm\u016f dostaly nejen zv\u00ed\u0159ata, ale \u201edarovaly\u201c se poli, zahrad\u011b a studni, aby byla \u00faroda, dostatek ovoce a zdrav\u00e9 pitn\u00e9 vody. Sv\u011btilo se ale tak\u00e9 vejce, chl\u00e9b a v\u00edno. V lidov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed proto b\u00fdvalo zvykem chodit je\u0161t\u011b za tmy do p\u0159\u00edrody, modlit se a o\u010dek\u00e1vat \u00fasvit. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdchodu slunce, zda si p\u0159i v\u00fdchodu slunce t\u0159ikr\u00e1t posko\u010d\u00ed radost\u00ed na pam\u00e1tku slavn\u00e9ho vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed, ukazuje na mnohem star\u0161\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm kultu slunce, v\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btla a tepla, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ich\u00e1zelo po dlouh\u00e9m chladn\u00e9m zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed. Slunce probouzej\u00edc\u00ed se na obloze p\u0159ipom\u00ednal i kulat\u00fd tvar dozlatova upe\u010den\u00e9ho boch\u00e1nku. <\/span><\/p>\n

Obdobn\u011b n\u00e1zev pro Velikonoce v angli\u010dtin\u011b Easter a v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b Ostern m\u00e1 ve sv\u00fdch star\u0161\u00edch podob\u00e1ch spole\u010dn\u00fd ko\u0159en souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se staro\u0159eck\u00fdm \u0113\u014ds znamenaj\u00edc\u00edm Slunce. K velikono\u010dn\u00edm n\u00e1poj\u016fm d\u0159\u00edve pat\u0159\u00edvala rosolka a pun\u010d. Cel\u00e1 rodina se po n\u00e1vratu z kostela se\u0161la u sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u011b prost\u0159en\u00e9ho stolu, otec oloupal va\u0159en\u00e9 vejce a rozd\u011blil ho v\u0161em p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm. Kdyby n\u011bkdo z rodiny zabloudil, sta\u010dilo si vzpomenout, s k\u00fdm jedl vejce a to ho bezpe\u010dn\u011b dovedlo dom\u016f. <\/span><\/p>\n

Na Bo\u017e\u00ed hod se setk\u00e1valy jen nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed rodiny, bez p\u0159\u00e1tel a zn\u00e1m\u00fdch. Kdokoliv p\u0159i\u0161el, dostal kousek z posv\u011bcen\u00e9ho j\u00eddla. Na Bo\u017e\u00ed hod velikono\u010dn\u00ed se nem\u011blo zametat, vyn\u00e1\u0161et hn\u016fj z chl\u00edv\u016f, m\u00fdt n\u00e1dob\u00ed, \u010distit boty. D\u011bv\u010data fini\u0161ovala s p\u0159\u00edpravou vaj\u00ed\u010dek na pond\u011bln\u00ed poml\u00e1zku, ml\u00e1denci pro zm\u011bnu poml\u00e1zky pletli. Z\u00e1bavy za\u010d\u00ednaly na Hod bo\u017e\u00ed ji\u017e p\u0159i v\u00fdchodu slunce. Objev\u00ed-li se slunce na \u010dist\u00e9m nebi, v\u011b\u0161t\u00ed to p\u011bkn\u00e9 l\u00e9to a bohatou \u00farodu. \u0158\u00edkalo se tak\u00e9, \u017ee slunce tan\u010d\u00ed radost\u00ed nad vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm P\u00e1n\u011b. <\/span><\/p>\n

V tento den d\u00e1vala d\u00edvka sv\u00e9mu vyvolen\u00e9mu jako koledu ,,uzel”. Byl to b\u00edl\u00fd, p\u011bkn\u011b vy\u0161\u00edvan\u00fd \u0161\u00e1tek, napln\u011bn\u00fd barevn\u00fdmi vejci, kter\u00fdch b\u00fdvala kopa a p\u0159id\u00e1val se k nim mazanec a ob\u0159adn\u00ed pe\u010divo. N\u011bkdy d\u00edvka d\u00e1vala do uzlu i tzv. rejsky – vejce r\u00fdsovan\u00e1, nebo straky, co\u017e byla vejce malovan\u00e1 voskem a pak nam\u00e1\u010den\u00e1 v barv\u011b. Do uzle se tak\u00e9 d\u00e1valy tzv. p\u00e1rky, co\u017e byla dv\u011b barevn\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dka k sob\u011b spojen\u00e1 stu\u017ekou. Ta si chlapci schov\u00e1vali na pam\u00e1tku.<\/span><\/p>\n


\nZdroj: Ing. Josef Hr\u00e1bek<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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