{"id":126788,"date":"2019-04-19T22:04:44","date_gmt":"2019-04-19T21:04:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=126788"},"modified":"2019-04-20T23:02:09","modified_gmt":"2019-04-20T22:02:09","slug":"stara-sumava-bila-sobota","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=126788","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: B\u00edl\u00e1 sobota"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Legenda o B\u00edl\u00e9 sobot\u011b<\/h6>\n

Trn\u011bnou ozdobu\u00a0
\nz hlavy kr\u00e1li
\nvzali, jej do hrobu
\npochovali.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Svou vinou jako \u0161tv\u00e1ni<\/em>
\n p\u0159ijdou k sk\u00e1le s hrobem pozd\u011bji:<\/em>
\n hle, rostou na n\u00ed<\/em>
\n z trn\u016f kv\u011bty. V tich\u00e9 nad\u011bji<\/em><\/p>\n

mezi kv\u011bty v temn\u00e9m pe\u0159\u00ed<\/em>
\n divupln\u011b zp\u00edv\u00e1<\/em>
\n drozd. A a\u010d se \u0161e\u0159\u00ed,<\/em>
\n zp\u011bv se rozedn\u00edv\u00e1.<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u0159ed tou kr\u00e1sou kr\u00e1s<\/em>
\n smrti snad u\u017e nen\u00ed.<\/em>
\n Nad zemsk\u00fd prostor a \u010das<\/em>
\n zaplavil je \u010dir\u00fd jas,<\/em>
\n \u0161li d\u00e1l jako v sn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sv\u011bt ml\u010d\u00ed, v\u0161e je pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9, \u010das jako by se zastavil. K\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 po cel\u00fd den dl\u00ed u hrobu P\u00e1n\u011b, rozj\u00edmaj\u00ed o jeho utrpen\u00ed …Velikono\u010dn\u00ed noc zv\u011bstuje smrt a vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed v jedin\u00e9m celku. Vyjad\u0159uje velikono\u010dn\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad smrt\u00ed a p\u0159echod z podru\u010d\u00ed utrpen\u00ed a smrti do \u017eivota svobody a plnosti.<\/h6>\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed den z cel\u00e9ho roku je pr\u00e1v\u011b B\u00edl\u00e1 sobota – den, na jeho\u017e sklonku Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 vstal z mrtv\u00fdch. B\u00edl\u00e1 sobota, druh\u00fd den velikono\u010dn\u00edho tridua. Dle d\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zvyku, poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho z \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 nov\u00fd den ji\u017e po z\u00e1padu slunce. Oslava vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed tak za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ji\u017e v sobotn\u00ed podve\u010der. Noc ze soboty na ned\u011bli, kdy Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 procitl, je naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 Velk\u00e1 a odtud poch\u00e1z\u00ed n\u00e1zev Velikonoce.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1zev B\u00edl\u00e1 je odvozen od b\u00edl\u00e9ho ob\u0159adn\u00edho roucha, kter\u00fd v tento den nosili nov\u011b pok\u0159t\u011bn\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od Velk\u00e9ho p\u00e1tku je sobota dnem radosti a nov\u00e9 nad\u011bje. V kostelech se oz\u00fdv\u00e1 zvuk varhan a znovu se tak\u00e9 rozezn\u00edvaj\u00ed kosteln\u00ed zvony. Dal\u0161\u00edm symbolem tohoto dne je ohe\u0148. Ob\u0159ad sv\u011bcen\u00ed ohn\u011b je ji\u017e 12 stolet\u00ed star\u00fd. P\u0159ed vigili\u00ed, tedy no\u010dn\u00ed bohoslu\u017ebou, se posv\u011btil ohe\u0148 rozd\u011blan\u00fd venku p\u0159ed vchodem do kostela. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se mu t\u00e9\u017e Jid\u00e1\u0161\u016fv ohe\u0148. Od n\u011bj se zapalovala ob\u0159adn\u00ed sv\u00edce “pa\u0161k\u00e1l”, velk\u00e1 velikono\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edce, do n\u00ed\u017e postupn\u011b zapichuje \u010dty\u0159i kadidlov\u00e1 zrna. Sv\u00edce symbolizuje Krista a bude k\u0159es\u0165any doprov\u00e1zet od narozen\u00ed \u2013 k\u0159tu, a\u017e po smrt \u2013 poh\u0159eb.<\/p>\n

Kn\u011bz rovn\u011b\u017e posv\u011bt\u00ed vodu, je\u017e bude pou\u017eita p\u0159i k\u0159tech a nalita do kropenek, do t\u00e9 chv\u00edle such\u00fdch. Od pa\u0161k\u00e1lu si pak sv\u00ed\u010dky zapalovali i v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed. Mnoz\u00ed si v\u0161ak dom\u016f nosili p\u0159\u00edmo \u017ehav\u00e9 uhl\u00edky z ob\u0159adn\u00edho ohn\u011b, aby s nimi za\u017eehli nov\u00fd plamen v kamnech. V\u0161echna ohni\u0161t\u011b doma musela b\u00fdt p\u0159eden uha\u0161ena. Tomuto ohni se p\u0159ipisovala o\u010distn\u00e1 a ochrann\u00e1 moc.<\/p>\n

Stejnou \u00fa\u010dinnost m\u011bly i uhl\u00edky a popel z posv\u011bcen\u00e9ho ohn\u011b. Uhl\u00edky se d\u00e1valy za tr\u00e1my, aby chr\u00e1nily staven\u00ed p\u0159ed po\u017e\u00e1rem. Popelem se sypaly louky a pole, aby dob\u0159e rodily. Ob\u0159ad sv\u011bcen\u00ed ohn\u011b zahajoval slavnost Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 vesnicemi proch\u00e1zelo proces\u00ed, s t\u00edmto zvykem se m\u016f\u017eeme m\u00edstn\u011b setkat dodnes. R\u00e1no p\u0159ed v\u00fdchodem slunce bylo nutn\u00e9 d\u016fkladn\u011b vym\u00e9st smet\u00ed ze staven\u00ed, nejl\u00e9pe nov\u00fdm ko\u0161t\u011btem. V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee takov\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed zabr\u00e1n\u00ed tomu, aby se v dom\u011b dr\u017eel hmyz. Z oho\u0159el\u00fdch d\u0159\u00edvek zbyl\u00fdch po Jid\u00e1\u0161ov\u00fdch ohn\u00edch se vytv\u00e1\u0159ely k\u0159\u00ed\u017eky, kter\u00e9 se nosily do pol\u00ed, aby ta byla \u00farodn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

S B\u00edlou sobotou se poj\u00ed zvyk zvan\u00fd “chodn\u00ed\u010dky l\u00e1sky” nebo “chodn\u00ed\u010dky zamilovan\u00fdch”. Mlad\u00ed zamilovan\u00ed chlapci malovali \u010di vysyp\u00e1vali p\u00edskem chodn\u00ed\u010dek, kter\u00fd vedl k domu jejich mil\u00e9. Star\u00fdm zvykem je i t\u0159esen\u00ed ovocn\u00fdmi stromy, aby se probudily a dob\u0159e rodily. N\u011bkde se tyto stromy post\u0159ikovaly vodou nebo dokonce pot\u00edraly t\u011bstem zad\u011blan\u00fdm na mazance. Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed m\u011bl m\u00edt na Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed podle tradice na sob\u011b oble\u010den\u00e9ho n\u011bco nov\u00e9ho, d\u011bti alespo\u0148 boty.<\/p>\n

Na B\u00edlou sobotu je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010das vypravit se pro vrbov\u00e9 prout\u00ed a tak\u00e9 se ve velk\u00e9m pe\u010dou ber\u00e1nci a mazance. Mazanec je u n\u00e1s nejstar\u0161\u00edm velikono\u010dn\u00edm pe\u010divem a byl p\u016fvodn\u011b bez cukru. Do 18. stolet\u00ed se p\u0159ipravoval z mouky, m\u00e1sla, vajec a s\u00fdra nebo tvarohu a plnil se masem. D\u0159\u00edve z\u00e1le\u017eelo na majetkov\u00fdch pom\u011brech v rodin\u011b, jestli budou m\u00edt v dom\u00e1cnosti jeden velk\u00fd mazanec, ze kter\u00e9ho dostal ka\u017ed\u00fd sv\u016fj d\u00edl, a nebo jestli se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b majetn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rodin dostane mal\u00fd boch\u00e1nek mazance na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlena.<\/p>\n

K ob\u011bdu se mnohde pod\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00e9\u017e pol\u00e9vka z \u010derstv\u00fdch jarn\u00edch bylinek. Mezit\u00edm se va\u0159\u00ed a zdob\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dka. Vigilie ukon\u010duje dlouh\u00fd p\u016fst a lid\u00e9 se mohou pustit do obl\u00edben\u00fdch pochoutek. Ber\u00e1nek se rozkrajuje po p\u0159\u00edchodu ze m\u0161e oslavuj\u00edc\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovo vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed. Ber\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd b\u00fdval nejprve skute\u010dn\u00fd, pozd\u011bji jej nahradil ber\u00e1nek pe\u010den\u00fd z t\u011bsta. Skrojek z ber\u00e1nka se uschoval, nebo\u0165 se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee otev\u00edr\u00e1 zemsk\u00e9 poklady.<\/p>\n

Symbol ber\u00e1nka byl velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd. Podle \u017eidovsk\u00e9 tradice ovce symbolizovaly Izraelitu jako \u010dlena “Bo\u017e\u00edho st\u00e1da”, \u017eidovsk\u00fd B\u016fh je ozna\u010dov\u00e1n za past\u00fd\u0159e, kter\u00fd bere sv\u00e9 ovce do n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed. Ber\u00e1nek b\u00fdval tak\u00e9 ob\u011btov\u00e1n na pam\u00e1tku vyveden\u00ed lidu izraelsk\u00e9ho z egyptsk\u00e9ho otroctv\u00ed. Na stole nesm\u00ed chyb\u011bt tradi\u010dn\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1divka, naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 tak\u00e9 velikono\u010dn\u00ed buchta, sn\u00edtek a sekan\u00e1. Pekla se podle krajov\u00fdch zvyklost\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161inou v n\u00ed v\u0161ak nechyb\u011blo telec\u00ed a uzen\u00e9 maso, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vejce a spousta \u010derstv\u00fdch bylinek, nej\u010dast\u011bji nasekan\u00e9 mlad\u00e9 kop\u0159ivy.<\/p>\n

Dnes pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me hlavn\u011b housky m\u00e1\u010den\u00e9 v ml\u00e9ce, d\u0159\u00edve byla \u010dasto z\u00e1kladem slan\u00e1 krupicov\u00e1 ka\u0161e. Tradi\u010dn\u00edm pe\u010divem jsou podplamenice. Jedn\u00e1 se o placky ze \u017eitn\u00e9 mouky, je\u017e se p\u0159ed pe\u010den\u00edm sypou sol\u00ed a km\u00ednem. D\u011bti jist\u011b milovaly hn\u011bt\u00fdnky, co\u017e bylo sladk\u00e9 vykrajovan\u00e9 pe\u010divo. Nechceme-li, aby n\u00e1s p\u0159ev\u00e1lcovaly zvyky nov\u00e9, mus\u00edme dob\u0159e zn\u00e1t ty, kter\u00e9 byly nade v\u0161e drah\u00e9m generac\u00edm na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f. Trochu jim to dlu\u017e\u00edme.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Der Bayerwald-Bote, 10.4.1998, velikono\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edloha, s. 1 Bertolt Brecht p\u0159elo\u017eil Jan Mare\u0161 – Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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