{"id":126516,"date":"2019-04-15T20:46:11","date_gmt":"2019-04-15T19:46:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=126516"},"modified":"2019-04-15T20:46:11","modified_gmt":"2019-04-15T19:46:11","slug":"stara-sumava-zlute-utery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=126516","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: \u017dlut\u00e9 \u00fater\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Velikono\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky v\u017edy byly oslavou jarn\u00edho slunovratu, kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed zimy, v\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm jara, probuzen\u00edm p\u0159\u00edrody, v\u00edry v obnoven\u00ed sil a zdrav\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka. \u017did\u00e9 slavili ka\u017ed\u00fd rok Velikonoce, kdy je B\u016fh vysvobodil z Egypta. \u017dlut\u00e9 \u00fater\u00fd nebylo nijak v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 z hlediska lidov\u00fdch zvyk\u016f; ty m\u011bly pouze sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy a mimo m\u0161e svat\u00e9 se v tyto dny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ob\u0159ady nekonaly.<\/h6>\n

\u017dlut\u00e9 \u00fater\u00fd symbolizovalo zlato, sv\u011btlo a slunce. \u017dlut\u00e1 je j\u00e1sav\u00e1 barva i barva zralosti. V k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed symbolizuje v\u011b\u010dnost, ctnost, rozum, \u00factu, vzne\u0161enost, \u017e\u00e1rlivost, Bo\u017e\u00ed sv\u011btlo. Pro\u010d byla \u00fater\u00fd p\u0159isuzov\u00e1na i \u0161ediv\u00e1 barva, nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo. N\u00e1zev je \u00fadajn\u011b odvozen z barvy popela. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech \u017elut\u00e9 \u00fater\u00fd, ale podle etnograf\u016f zkomolen\u00fd n\u00e1zev \u0161ed\u00e9 barvy (gelb = \u017elut\u00e1, grau = \u0161ed\u00e1).<\/p>\n

\u0160ed\u00e9 \u00fater\u00fd bylo jen p\u0159edzv\u011bst\u00ed smutku. M\u011blo by se ukl\u00edzet a hlavn\u011b vymetat pavu\u010diny, proto pavou\u010d\u00ed nebo tak\u00e9 pra\u0161n\u00e9, kdy by se z dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed m\u011bl vymetat prach. Vymet\u00e1n\u00edm chalup lid\u00e9 symbolicky vymet\u00e1vali zimu i ze sv\u00fdch du\u0161\u00ed. Den pat\u0159\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edm sk\u0159\u00edtk\u016fm a tak jestli doma n\u011bjak\u00e9ho m\u00e1te (a v\u00edte o tom), tak mu dejte trochu ml\u00e9ka nebo nechte na tal\u00ed\u0159ku kousek chleba.\u201e\u017dlut\u00fd outerek\u201c.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d \u017elut\u00fd? N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mysl\u00ed, \u017ee se to vztahuje k st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9mu oby\u010deji, dle n\u011bho\u017e bankrot\u00e1\u0159i po cel\u00fd rok museli nosit \u017elut\u00e9 klobouky, kter\u00e9ho\u017e mrzut\u00e9ho vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00fdvali toliko v outer\u00fd p\u0159ed velkonocemi spro\u0161t\u011bni; aby vzdor tomu \u010di pr\u00e1v\u011b proto naz\u00fdval se \u017elut\u00fdm, je pon\u011bkud odv\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e1 vysv\u011btlivka, kter\u00e1 sice p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 na \u201estar\u00e9 zlat\u00e9 \u010dasy\u201c, uspokojen\u00ed v\u0161ak bud\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed svobodomyslnost\u00ed \u201enov\u00e9 doby\u201c nejsou nuceni nosit \u017elut\u00e9 klobouky \u2014 a t\u011bch je po krachu dosti. Sp\u00ed\u0161e m\u016f\u017ee se tento outerek pova\u017eovati za bl\u00ed\u017eence tu\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dtvrtka masopustn\u00edho.<\/p>\n

\u201eTu\u010dn\u00fd\u201c a \u201e\u017elut\u00fd\u201c jsou jaksi pojmy sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bn\u00e9 a neslav\u00ed-li se \u017elut\u00fd outerek tak bujn\u011b jako tu\u010dn\u00fd jeho bratr, po\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159ec, co posledn\u00ed den p\u0159ed \u010dty\u0159denn\u00edm postem jak\u00e9hosi vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed co do j\u00eddla a pit\u00ed. K Velikonoc\u016fm se v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nad\u011bje v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch na duchovn\u00ed obnovu \u017eivota. Pro mnoh\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl sv\u00e1tk\u016f jara s velikono\u010dn\u00edm tajemstv\u00edm skryt anebo stoj\u00ed ve st\u00ednu V\u00e1noc, kter\u00e9 dnes znamenaj\u00ed dominantu roku. Snad je to t\u00edm, \u017ee se \u010d\u00e1st lidsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti po mnoho generac\u00ed odkl\u00e1n\u00ed od hled\u00e1n\u00ed duchovn\u00edch hodnot a sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed jin\u00fdmi cestami.<\/p>\n

Jak pro hospod\u00e1\u0159e, tak pro hospodyni byly Velikonoce a stejn\u011b tak cel\u00e9 jaro ve znamen\u00ed velk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. Zat\u00edmco hospod\u00e1\u0159 byl od slunka do slunka na poli, hospodyn\u011b st\u00e1la p\u0159ed nelehk\u00fdm \u00fakolem, jak z m\u00e1la uva\u0159it hodn\u011b. Sklep i komora po zimn\u00edch masopustech byly v tuto dobu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 a mo\u017enosti surovin, ze kter\u00fdch by se dalo va\u0159it velmi omezen\u00e9. A tak se va\u0159ily zejm\u00e9na brambory, pekly bramborov\u00e9 placky, na \u0159adu p\u0159ich\u00e1zely hr\u00e1ch a kroupy. Z toho m\u00e1la, co je\u0161t\u011b zb\u00fdvalo, se sna\u017eila hospodyn\u011b u\u0161et\u0159it co nejv\u00edce na p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed Velikonoce.<\/p>\n

Zdroj:\u00a0 F. Hudler, Eleonorenhain (2002), s. 219, p\u0159eklad a \u010desk\u00fd text Jan Mare\u0161, Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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