{"id":125314,"date":"2024-03-10T19:56:20","date_gmt":"2024-03-10T18:56:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=125314"},"modified":"2024-03-10T19:56:20","modified_gmt":"2024-03-10T18:56:20","slug":"stara-sumava-koleda-svateho-rehore","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=125314","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Koleda svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0158eho\u0159 je jm\u00e9no, odvozen\u00e9 od slova gr\u00e9g\u00f3rius, kter\u00e9 v \u0159e\u010dtin\u011b znamen\u00e1 \u201ebd\u011bl\u00fd\u201c. Byl v po\u0159ad\u00ed 64. pape\u017eem katolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve . Byl prvn\u00edm z pape\u017e\u016f, kter\u00fd za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edvat titul \u201eslu\u017eebn\u00edk slu\u017eebn\u00edk\u016f Bo\u017e\u00edch\u201c a je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jednoho ze zakladatel\u016f sv\u011btsk\u00e9 moci pape\u017esk\u00e9. Krom\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed duchovn\u00ed funkce byl tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00fdm c\u00edrkevn\u00edm u\u010ditelem a autorem mnoha spis\u016f. Z\u016fstalo po n\u011bm obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed psan\u00fdch text\u016f, v\u00edce ne\u017e od kter\u00e9hokoliv z jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdc\u016f. Posmrtn\u011b vydan\u00e1 sb\u00edrka jeho k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159ila k nej\u010dten\u011bj\u0161\u00edm knih\u00e1m st\u0159edov\u011bku.<\/h6>\n

12. b\u0159ezen je spojen se jm\u00e9nem \u0158eho\u0159, ke kter\u00e9mu se v\u00e1\u017ee kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 pranostika \u201eNa svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e \u010d\u00e1p let\u00ed p\u0159es mo\u0159e, \u017e\u00e1ba hubu otev\u0159e, ledy pluj\u00ed do mo\u0159e, \u0161elma sedl\u00e1k, kter\u00fd neo\u0159e\u201e. V podstat\u011b av\u00edzuje p\u0159\u00edchod jara, ale \u201e\u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9\u201c pranostiky maj\u00ed tu nev\u00fdhodu, \u017ee poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z dob juli\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00fd je oproti sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu posunut\u00fd o n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1pi jsou nejen symbolem jara a pta\u010d\u00ed migrace, ale i l\u00e1sky, v\u011brnosti a plodnosti. B\u00e1chorku, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1p nos\u00ed d\u011bti, zn\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9 mal\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b nejen v na\u0161\u00ed zemi.<\/p>\n

Sv. \u0158eho\u0159 Velik\u00fd je patronem dol\u016f, zedn\u00edk\u016f, zp\u011bv\u00e1k\u016f, hudebn\u00edk\u016f, \u0161kol a \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, sborov\u00e9ho a chor\u00e1ln\u00edho zp\u011bvu. Sv\u011btec je pomocn\u00edkem proti dn\u011b a moru. Na jeho sv\u00e1tek byla v na\u0161i zemi povolena u\u010ditel\u016fm koleda. Existuje n\u011bkolik p\u00edsemn\u00fdch zm\u00ednek o \u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9 koled\u011b \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, kter\u00e1 se pojila se sv\u00e1tkem sv. \u0158eho\u0159e. Jej\u00edm hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem bylo z\u00edskat koledu pro u\u010ditele a tak\u00e9 pozvat mal\u00e9 d\u011bti do \u0161koly. Tato obch\u016fzka postupem doby zanikla, kdy\u017e v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed byly u\u010ditel\u016fm zavedeny pevn\u00e9 platy.<\/p>\n

\u201eDneska je svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e den\u2026\u201c jsou \u00favodn\u00ed slova p\u00edsn\u011b v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se ke starod\u00e1vn\u00e9mu sv\u00e1tku \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, kdy \u017e\u00e1ci se sv\u00fdmi u\u010diteli chodili na koledu, aby si trochu p\u0159ilep\u0161ili. Jako \u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9 vojsko d\u011bti p\u0159edvedly p\u00edsn\u011b a pranostiky:
\n….\u201eDne\u0161n\u00edho dne pam\u00e1tka velk\u00e1 v \u0158\u00edm\u011b se d\u011bje, slavnost pape\u017ee svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e se stkv\u011bje, jen\u017e se sna\u017eil \u0161koly zalo\u017eiti a grunt pevn\u00fd k ctnostem zalo\u017eiti. Proto\u017e my \u0161koln\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci, ud\u011bl\u00e1me dnes sob\u011b legraci, budem se exec\u00edrovat, abyste se m\u011bli na\u010d d\u00edvat.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u017d\u00e1ci se v tento den obl\u00e9kali za voj\u00e1ky a biskupa. Mal\u00ed koledn\u00edci se p\u0159evl\u00e9kli do ko\u0161il a kab\u00e1t\u016f s v\u00fdlo\u017ekami, vyzbrojili se d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi me\u010di. Obl\u00e9kli si \u010dervenob\u00edl\u00e9 \u0161erpy a na hlavu posadili pap\u00edrov\u00e9 \u010depice a se\u0161ikovali se do takzvan\u00e9ho \u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9ho vojska. V ka\u017ed\u00e9 chalup\u011b pak v\u0161ichni, od voj\u00edna a\u017e po kapr\u00e1la, zazp\u00edvali kdysi zn\u00e1mou p\u00edse\u0148 Na sv. \u0158eho\u0159e pam\u00e1tka se \u010din\u00ed a od\u0159\u00edkali n\u011bjakou humornou koledu. Za to pak dostali v\u011bt\u0161inou hr\u00e1ch, \u010do\u010dku nebo jablka.<\/p>\n

\u010clov\u011bka tak mus\u00ed z\u00e1konit\u011b napadnout spojitost s dne\u0161kem, kdy kanto\u0159ina tak\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed mezi mizern\u011b placen\u00e1 povol\u00e1n\u00ed. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee \u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9 obch\u016fzky pat\u0159\u00ed mezi tradice, kter\u00e9 se objevily u\u017e ve st\u0159edov\u011bku a zanikly v p\u0159edminul\u00e9m stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dneska je svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e den,<\/em>
\nv n\u011bm\u017e se zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 oby\u010dej ten,<\/em>
\n\u017ee chud\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci chod\u00ed<\/em>
\npo domech dobr\u00fdch lid\u00ed,<\/em>
\nby svou \u017eivnost dostali.<\/em>
\nI my jsme k v\u00e1m p\u0159i\u0161li,<\/em>
\nby sme se s v\u00e1mi zi\u0161li,<\/em>
\nbyste n\u00e1m n\u011bco dali.<\/em><\/p>\n

Po zp\u011bvu odpov\u00eddal se \u0159e\u010dn\u00edk takto: Vzk\u00e1zal v\u00e1s pan u\u010ditel pozdravit, abyste mu nad\u011blili t\u0159i kopy vajec, \u010dtvrtou peroutek, a n\u00e1m p\u00e1tou na pap\u00edr.\u00ab \u017d\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e9 byli v\u0161ady vl\u00eddn\u011b p\u0159ijati, na m\u00edst\u011b ne jednom i po\u010dastov\u00e1ni a poch\u00e1zeli dob\u0159e. V pokladni\u010dce m\u00edvali m\u011b\u010f\u00e1k\u016f celou p\u0159ehr\u0161el a koledy donesli hojn\u011bji, ne\u017eli kdyby kdokoli jin\u00fd po n\u00ed byl chodil. Chlapci pon\u011bkud odrostlej\u0161\u00ed, v\u0161ichni bez rozd\u00edlu, m\u011bli na koledu laskomin pln\u00e9 kapsy. Ne\u017e vypraviti v\u0161echn\u011bch nebylo lze. A proto m\u00edval pan u\u010ditel \u00falohu dosti nesnadnou, aby jmenoval koledn\u00edky po chuti a ke spokojenosti alespo\u0148 v\u011bt\u0161iny, ano\u017e v\u0161em se zavd\u011b\u010diti bylo zhola nemo\u017eno. Tyto v \u010cech\u00e1ch obl\u00edben\u00e9 hry byly na konci 18. stolet\u00ed zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny Josefem II.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm ob\u0159adem prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdm na sv\u00e1tek sv. \u0158eho\u0159e jsou \u201e\u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e9 vora\u010dky\u201c. Kdy byl jeden z akt\u00e9r\u016f obalen sl\u00e1mou a se \u0161pi\u010datou sl\u00e1movou \u010depic\u00ed a za\u010dern\u011bl\u00fdm obli\u010dejem chodil ve vesel\u00e9m pr\u016fvodu od staven\u00ed ke staven\u00ed, kde tan\u010dil s rodinou hospod\u00e1\u0159e a pop\u0159\u00e1l hospod\u00e1\u0159i, aby se mu v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce v hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed da\u0159ilo. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed zm\u00ednky o \u0159eho\u0159sk\u00fdch obch\u016fzk\u00e1ch v \u010cech\u00e1ch jsou z 16. Stolet\u00ed a po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 byly je\u0161t\u011b ve stolet\u00ed devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> LANGHAMMEROV\u00c1, J., \u010ctvero ro\u010dn\u00edch dob v lidov\u00e9 tradici, KOL. AUTOR\u016e, Nov\u00fd akademick\u00fd slovn\u00edk ciz\u00edch slov, \u010cesk\u00fd lid, Frant. Ko\u0161\u00e1k<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u0158eho\u0159 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":300285,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/10\/ram-koleda.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125314"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=125314"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125314\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":300286,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125314\/revisions\/300286"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/300285"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=125314"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=125314"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=125314"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}