{"id":124352,"date":"2019-03-23T09:53:39","date_gmt":"2019-03-23T08:53:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=124352"},"modified":"2021-03-07T11:02:41","modified_gmt":"2021-03-07T10:02:41","slug":"zive-tradice-treti-postni-nedele-v-lidove-tradici-ziskala-pridomek-kychava-ci-kychavna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=124352","title":{"rendered":"\u017dIV\u00c9 TRADICE: T\u0159et\u00ed postn\u00ed ned\u011ble se naz\u00fdv\u00e1\u00a0Oculi. V lidov\u00e9 tradici m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00eddomek k\u00fdchav\u00e1 \u010di tak\u00e9 k\u00fdchavn\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

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T\u0159et\u00ed postn\u00ed ned\u011ble se naz\u00fdv\u00e1\u00a0Oculi, nebo\u0165 antifona pro tento den za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 slovy\u00a0Oculi mei semper at Dominum (M\u00e9 o\u010di st\u00e1le vyhl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed P\u00e1na). V lidov\u00e9 tradici z\u00edskala p\u0159\u00eddomek k\u00fdchav\u00e1 \u010di k\u00fdchavn\u00e1.<\/h6>\n

Dnes u\u017e v\u00edme, jak k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed vznik\u00e1. Podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm trojklann\u00e9ho nervu doch\u00e1z\u00ed k masivn\u00ed svalov\u00e9 reakci, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 se na chv\u00edli zastav\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011blesn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed a zm\u011bn\u00ed se i srde\u010dn\u00ed rytmus. V\u00fdsledkem je prudk\u00e9 prsknut\u00ed, \u010di frknut\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se na\u0161e horn\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty zbavuj\u00ed nahromad\u011bn\u00fdch ne\u010distot a choroboplodn\u00fdch z\u00e1rodk\u016f. K\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed je tedy v\u00fdznamnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed imunity a pokud si p\u0159i n\u011bm zakryjeme \u00fasta, nem\u00e1 neblah\u00fd dopad ani na na\u0161e okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V historii v\u0161ak pat\u0159ilo mezi zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, nevysv\u011btliteln\u00e9 jevy, kter\u00e9 si lid\u00e9 spojovali s p\u016fsoben\u00edm nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdch sil. Odraz t\u011bchto p\u0159edstav se n\u00e1m zachoval v mnoha zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch po\u0159ekadlech a pov\u011br\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Ji\u017e ve starov\u011bku byla v mnoh\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena v\u00edra, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bku m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i k\u00fdchnut\u00ed vylet\u011bt du\u0161e z t\u011bla. Pokud se tomu v\u010das nezabr\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee se du\u0161e nadobro ztratit, nebo se na jej\u00edm m\u00edsto usad\u00ed \u010f\u00e1bel. Toto nebezpe\u010d\u00ed se za\u017eehn\u00e1valo r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zbo\u017en\u00fdmi pr\u016fpov\u00eddkami, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly k\u00fdchaj\u00edc\u00edho ochr\u00e1nit.
\nStarov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 dokonce rozezn\u00e1vali na dvan\u00e1ct r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f k\u00fdchnut\u00ed, podle kter\u00fdch dok\u00e1zali tak\u00e9 v\u011b\u0161tit. Sta\u0159\u00ed Slovan\u00e9 zase v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee pokud si n\u011bkdo b\u011bhem \u0159e\u010di k\u00fdchne, \u0159e\u010den\u00e1 slova se vypln\u00ed. Odtud tedy tak\u00e9 poch\u00e1z\u00ed dodnes hojn\u011b u\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9\u00a0je to pravda.<\/p>\n

S n\u00e1stupem st\u0159edov\u011bku z\u00edskalo k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed, tentokr\u00e1t opravdu temn\u00e9 konotace. V 6. stolet\u00ed toti\u017e cel\u00fd tehdej\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd sv\u011bt zas\u00e1hla prvn\u00ed ze t\u0159\u00ed obrovsk\u00fdch morov\u00fdch vln. A\u010dkoliv pojmem mor, byly d\u0159\u00edve ozna\u010dov\u00e1ny ve\u0161ker\u00e9 smrteln\u00e9 epidemie (velmi \u010dasto se jednalo o kombinaci prav\u00fdch ne\u0161tovic a \u00faplavice), v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se jednalo skute\u010dn\u011b o prav\u00fd mor, zp\u016fsoben\u00fd bakteri\u00ed\u00a0Yersinia pestis. Druh\u00e1 pandemie \u010cern\u00e9 smrti zdecimovala st\u0159edov\u011bkou Evropu ve 14. stolet\u00ed, kdy j\u00ed padlo za ob\u011b\u0165 na 75 milion\u016f lid\u00ed, co\u017e byly asi 2\/3 tehdej\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 populace. Posledn\u00ed ze t\u0159\u00ed velk\u00fdch morov\u00fdch ran se odehr\u00e1la pom\u011brn\u011b ned\u00e1vno, na p\u0159elomu 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed. Jej\u00edm epicentrem byla tentokr\u00e1t \u010c\u00edna a Indie, odkud se v\u0161ak za\u010dala \u0161\u00ed\u0159it tak\u00e9 do Evropy. A\u010dkoliv tehdy u\u017e byly prav\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny moru zn\u00e1my, p\u0159esto si tato posledn\u00ed ze t\u0159\u00ed pandemick\u00fdch vln vy\u017e\u00e1dala na 12. milion\u016f ob\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Pieter Brughel St. ve sv\u00e9m obrazu Triumf smrti dokonale ztv\u00e1rnil atmosf\u00e9ru konce st\u0159edov\u011bku, su\u017eovan\u00e9ho v\u00e1lkami, utrpen\u00edm a morem<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z t\u011bchto morov\u00fdch ran zp\u016fsobila takov\u00fd rozvrat, \u017ee se posti\u017een\u00e9 oblasti ocitaly a\u017e na sam\u00e9m okraji spole\u010densk\u00e9ho, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho i mor\u00e1ln\u00edho kolapsu. Pro ilustraci si dovol\u00edm uv\u00e9st citaci Agnolo di Tury, autora Siensk\u00e9 kroniky:<\/p>\n

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee mus\u00ed on\u011bm\u011bt p\u0159i pohledu na tu bolest. A lidsk\u00e9mu jazyku je nemo\u017en\u00e9 vyl\u00ed\u010dit tu stra\u0161nou v\u011bc. Vskutku ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo nespat\u0159\u00ed tu hr\u016fzu, sm\u00ed b\u00fdt zv\u00e1n bla\u017een\u00fd. A ob\u011bti um\u00edraly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ihned. Ot\u00e9kaly pod pa\u017eemi a ve slabin\u00e1ch a padaly k zemi mrtvy b\u011bhem \u0159e\u010di. Otec opou\u0161t\u011bl d\u00edt\u011b, \u017eena mu\u017ee, jeden bratr druh\u00e9ho; nebo\u0165 tato nemoc, zd\u00e1lo se, zachvacovala dechem a pohledem. A tak um\u00edrali.\u00a0A nedal se nal\u00e9zt nikdo, kdo by zakopal mrtv\u00e9ho za pen\u00edze nebo kv\u016fli p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed. \u010clenov\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti nosili sv\u00e9 mrtv\u00e9 do p\u0159\u00edkopu jak jen mohli, bez kn\u011bze, bez\u00a0bohoslu\u017eby. Ani\u00a0zvony\u00a0za mrtv\u00e9 nezn\u011bly. Na mnoha m\u00edstech v Sien\u011b se vykop\u00e1valy velk\u00e9 j\u00e1my a plnily mno\u017estv\u00edm mrtv\u00fdch. A um\u00edrali po stovk\u00e1ch ve dne v noci a v\u0161ichni byli vhazov\u00e1ni do t\u011bch jam a zahazov\u00e1ni hl\u00ednou. A jakmile se tyto j\u00e1my naplnily, vykop\u00e1valy se dal\u0161\u00ed. A j\u00e1, Agnolo z Tury, zvan\u00fd Tlust\u00fd, jsem vlastn\u00edma rukama zakopal sv\u00fdch p\u011bt d\u011bt\u00ed. A n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed byli jen tak m\u00e1lo pokryti hl\u00ednou, \u017ee je psi vytahovali ven a po m\u011bst\u011b po\u017e\u00edrali t\u011bla. Nebyl nikdo, kdo by plakal pro n\u011b\u010d\u00ed smrt, pro v\u0161echny ty o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 mrtv\u00e9. A tak mnoho lid\u00ed um\u00edralo, \u017ee v\u0161ichni v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee je to konec sv\u011bta. A \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd l\u00e9k \u010di jin\u00e1 ochrana nebyly k ni\u010demu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Plicn\u00ed forma tohoto stra\u0161n\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ela kap\u00e9nkovou infekc\u00ed a byla vysoce naka\u017eliv\u00e1. Jej\u00edm pr\u016fvodn\u00edm jevem bylo pr\u00e1v\u011b \u010dast\u00e9 k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed. Z t\u011bchto neut\u011b\u0161en\u00fdch dob, kdy k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed nev\u011bstilo nic dobr\u00e9ho, poch\u00e1z\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 \u00faslov\u00ed\u00a0Pozdrav P\u00e1nb\u016fh. V\u00fdklady jeho v\u00fdznamu jsou dva.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee \u00famrtnost naka\u017een\u00fdch prav\u00fdm morem byla obrovsk\u00e1 (uv\u00e1d\u00ed se okolo 90%), \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd za\u010dal projevovat jeho p\u0159\u00edznaky byl tedy pova\u017eov\u00e1n praktiky za mrtv\u00e9ho. Koment\u00e1\u0159\u00a0Pozdrav P\u00e1nb\u016fhtedy nazna\u010doval, \u017ee se ji\u017e brzy setk\u00e1 s Bohem. Odpov\u011bd\u00ed\u00a0Dej\u017eto P\u00e1nb\u016fh\u00a0pak nemocn\u00fd vyjad\u0159uje sv\u00e9 zbo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed, aby mu Hospodin r\u00e1\u010dil d\u00e1ti nebe.<\/p>\n

Podle jin\u00fdch pramen\u016f zde slovo\u00a0pozdrav\u00a0stoj\u00ed ve v\u00fdznamu\u00a0uzdrav\u00a0a jedn\u00e1 se tedy o formuli, kterou pro nemocn\u00e9ho u Boha vypro\u0161ujeme uzdraven\u00ed. Toto pojet\u00ed m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 prameny ji\u017e v dob\u011b 1. morov\u00e9 epidemie. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed pape\u017e \u0158eho\u0159 I. Velik\u00fd. propagoval k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed jako v\u011bc dobrou a zdrav\u00ed prosp\u011b\u0161nou.<\/p>\n

Tyto protich\u016fdn\u00e9 postoje se projevuj\u00ed ve v\u0161ech Evropsk\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch a v pr\u016fb\u011bhu d\u011bjin se navz\u00e1jem st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed, potk\u00e1vaj\u00ed a dopl\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco v 9. a 14. stolet\u00ed k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed nev\u011b\u0161tilo nic dobr\u00e9ho, v jin\u00fdch historick\u00fdch etap\u00e1ch bylo vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed. Na dvo\u0159e Ludv\u00edka XV. se dokonce stalo m\u00f3dou a ze \u0161\u0148upac\u00edho tab\u00e1ku, kter\u00fd k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsoboval, se tak rychle stala velmi \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e1 a presti\u017en\u00ed novinka. Dvo\u0159an\u00e9 \u0161\u0148upali tab\u00e1k ve velk\u00e9m a upev\u0148ovali tak sv\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed, \u010distili nos a povzbuzovali sv\u016fj organismus.<\/p>\n

\u0160\u0148up\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak nez\u016fstalo pouze v\u00fdsadou \u0161lechtic\u016f. Velk\u00e9 oblib\u011b se t\u011b\u0161ilo i mezi prost\u00fdmi lidmi a na venkov\u011b a to a\u017e do doby na\u0161ich prababi\u010dek. Ne\u017e se stal tab\u00e1k b\u011b\u017en\u011b dostupnou komoditou, kterou si koup\u00edte v ka\u017ed\u00e9 trafice, pou\u017e\u00edvaly se ke \u0161\u0148up\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 bylinn\u00e9 sm\u011bsi. Zn\u00ed to sice moc hezky, ale mnoh\u00e9 z nich m\u011bly na lidsk\u00fd organizmus daleko \u0161kodliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dopad, ne\u017e samotn\u00fd tab\u00e1k. Jejich hlavn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st obvykle tvo\u0159ila rostlina Helleborus, u n\u00e1s zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako \u010deme\u0159ice.<\/p>\n

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Francois Verheyden – \u0160petka \u0161\u0148upac\u00edho tab\u00e1ku<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee je \u010deme\u0159ice velice kr\u00e1sn\u00e1, je tak\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u011b jedovat\u00e1, od ko\u0159ene a\u017e po kv\u011bt. D\u00edky obsahu pomalu p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek byla obl\u00edbenou surovinou travi\u010dek, kter\u00e9 z n\u00ed pro sv\u00e9 z\u00e1kazn\u00edky vyr\u00e1b\u011bly sofistikovan\u00e9, pomalu se vst\u0159eb\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed jedy, kter\u00e9 p\u016fsobily velice nen\u00e1padn\u011b a pachatel se tak mohl vyhnout jak\u00e9mukoliv podez\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b i laskav\u00e9 a hodn\u00e9 bylink\u00e1\u0159ky, kter\u00e9 sv\u00e9 v\u011bdomosti a schopnosti zasv\u011btily pomoci bli\u017en\u00edm, na \u010deme\u0159ici nedaly dopustit. Vyh\u00e1n\u011bly j\u00ed z t\u011bla parazity, hubily v\u0161i a blechy a dokonce i svrab. Problemati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm l\u00e9kem, kter\u00e9ho se \u010dlov\u011bku od t\u011bchto \u017een mohlo dostat, byla pr\u00e1v\u011b \u0161\u0148upac\u00ed sm\u011bs, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla \u00fadajn\u011b l\u00e9\u010dit i n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed. A\u010dkoliv m\u011bla tato l\u00e9\u010dba mnohdy fat\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sledky, p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b hysterie \u010di padoucnice by na n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsahala i leckter\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 autorita je\u0161t\u011b v 19. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V souvislosti s 3. postn\u00ed ned\u011bl\u00ed, p\u0159edstavuje k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed symbol zdrav\u00ed, kter\u00fd n\u00e1m z\u016fstal zachov\u00e1n v na\u0161ich lidov\u00fdch oby\u010dej\u00edch a pov\u011br\u00e1ch. Nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich prav\u00ed, \u017ee kolikr\u00e1t si \u010dlov\u011bk v tuto ned\u011bli k\u00fdchne, tolik let je\u0161t\u011b bude \u017e\u00edt. V okol\u00ed Byd\u017eovska se tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee kdo si v tento den k\u00fdchne t\u0159ikr\u00e1t za sebou, bude se po cel\u00fd rok t\u011b\u0161it pevn\u00e9mu zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Douf\u00e1m tedy, \u017ee si dnes v\u0161ichni t\u0159ikr\u00e1t k\u00fdchnete a p\u0159eji v\u00e1m k tomu\u00a0Pozdrav P\u00e1nb\u016fh, Pot\u011b\u0161 P\u00e1nb\u016fh, Pomoz P\u00e1nb\u016fh, Zdrav\u00ed\u010dko\u00a0a je\u0161t\u011b, jen tak z legrace,\u00a0Chc\u00edpni mrcho!\u00a0– jak \u0159\u00edkala moje bodr\u00e1 jiho\u010desk\u00e1 prababi\u010dka Andulka.<\/p>\n

A tak jako je postn\u00edch ned\u011bl\u00ed \u0161est, i na\u0161e pov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 \u0161est d\u00edl\u016f:<\/p>\n

1. ned\u011ble postn\u00ed – li\u0161\u010d\u00ed, \u010dern\u00e1, pu\u010d\u00e1ln\u00e1<\/strong><\/a>
\n2. ned\u011ble postn\u00ed – pra\u017en\u00e1, sazometn\u00e1<\/strong><\/a>
\n3. ned\u011ble postn\u00ed – k\u00fdchav\u00e1
\n4. ned\u011ble postn\u00ed – dru\u017eebn\u00e1
\n5. ned\u011ble postn\u00ed – smrtn\u00e1
\n6. ned\u011ble postn\u00ed – kv\u011btn\u00e1, palmov\u00e1<\/p>\n

VE\u010cERKOV\u00c1, Eva\u00a0Oby\u010deje a slavnosti v \u010desk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 kultu\u0159e
\n1. vyd. Praha: Vy\u0161ehrad, 2015, 512str. ISBN 978-80-7429-627-7
\nBERGDOLT, Klaus,\u00a0\u010cern\u00e1 smrt v Evrop\u011b
\n1. vyd. Praha: Vy\u0161ehrad, 2002, 184str. ISBN 978-80-7021-541-0
\n\u010ceme\u0159ice, rostlina \u010darod\u011bjnic<\/p>\n

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Text a obrazov\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edloha:\u00a0Eva DOLEJ\u0160OV\u00c1 VALACHOV\u00c1<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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