{"id":123198,"date":"2019-04-02T13:36:09","date_gmt":"2019-04-02T12:36:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=123198"},"modified":"2019-04-02T13:36:53","modified_gmt":"2019-04-02T12:36:53","slug":"stara-sumava-sestero-postnich-nedeli-pred-velikonocemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=123198","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: \u0160estero postn\u00edch ned\u011bl\u00ed p\u0159ed Velikonocemi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Doba postn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 kaj\u00edc\u00ed r\u00e1z. V\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed \u201evych\u00e1zej\u00ed spolu s Kristem na pou\u0161\u0165\u201c a p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed se na pono\u0159en\u00ed do Kristovy smrti a vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed. Postn\u00ed obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed Velikonocemi je pohybliv\u00e9ho data, kter\u00e9 je ohrani\u010den\u00e9 masopustn\u00edm \u00fater\u00fdm a velikono\u010dn\u00edm ned\u011bl\u00edm. Toto postn\u00ed obdob\u00ed p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na \u0161est ned\u011bl p\u0159ed Bo\u017e\u00edm hodem velikono\u010dn\u00edm a kon\u00e1 se jako podobenstv\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista na pou\u0161ti.<\/h6>\n

Doba p\u016fstu za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na popele\u010dn\u00ed – tak\u00e9 ozna\u010dovanou jako \u0161kared\u00e1 nebo \u010dern\u00e1 – st\u0159edu a kon\u010d\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00edm hodem velikono\u010dn\u00edm. P\u016fst je ch\u00e1pan\u00fd jako jak\u00e1si o\u010distn\u00e1 zkou\u0161ka a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed znamen\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho obr\u00e1cen\u00ed se \u010dlov\u011bka. D\u016fvody k p\u016fstu v\u0161ak nebyly jen n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9, ale m\u011bly tak\u00e9 svou pragmatickou rovinu, proto\u017ee se konal pr\u00e1v\u011b v dob\u011b konce zimy, kdy ji\u017e postupn\u011b ub\u00fdvaly z\u00e1soby potravin.<\/p>\n

P\u016fst v\u0161ak nespo\u010d\u00edval jen ve stravovac\u00edch pravidlech, ale znamenal tak\u00e9 omezen\u00ed no\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1bav, svateb nebo milostn\u00fdch no\u010dn\u00edch sch\u016fzek, jednodu\u0161e byl spojov\u00e1n s ochromen\u00edm ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. V p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch p\u0159\u00edchodem jara za\u010d\u00ednal nov\u00fd rok, p\u0159\u00edroda se probouzela a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd cyklus za\u010d\u00ednal nanovo.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 zvyky se po t\u011bchto \u0161est sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch ned\u011bl podle dochovan\u00fdch tradic dodr\u017euj\u00ed? \u0160est ned\u011bl\u00ed od masopustu dostalo sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy podle tradi\u010dn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dobu a den prov\u00e1zely. Na vlastn\u00ed Velikonoce se k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed p\u016fstem trvaj\u00edc\u00edm 40 dn\u016f, kter\u00fd za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edou. V tento den kn\u011bz d\u011bl\u00e1 v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm na \u010dele k\u0159\u00ed\u017e sv\u011bcen\u00fdm popelem se slovy \u201ePomni, \u010dlov\u011b\u010de, \u017ee prach jsi a v prach se navr\u00e1t\u00ed\u0161\u201c.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed postn\u00ed ned\u011bl\u00ed je \u010cern\u00e1 (Li\u0161\u010d\u00ed\/Samometn\u00e1) “Invocavit”, jako smute\u010dn\u00ed od\u011bv, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00ednat uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed Krista. Co se m\u00e1 d\u011blat: za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 velk\u00fd jarn\u00ed \u00faklid dom\u00e1cnosti. Samometn\u00e1: Proto\u017ee byla dnem \u00faklidu. Li\u0161\u010d\u00ed: Proto\u017ee matky v noci tajn\u011b pekly precl\u00edky, kter\u00e9 pak d\u011bti nach\u00e1zely nav\u011b\u0161en\u00e9 na barevn\u00fdch stu\u017ek\u00e1ch na vrbov\u00fdch proutc\u00edch nebo na ovocn\u00fdch stromech – \u201enad\u011blila jim je li\u0161ka\u201c. Kolik d\u011bt\u00ed, tolik bylo proutk\u016f.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ned\u011ble nese n\u00e1zev Pra\u017en\u00e1 “Reminiscere” \u2013 od postn\u00edho pokrmu zvan\u00e9ho pra\u017emo. Pra\u017een\u00ed nedozr\u00e1l\u00e9ho obil\u00ed pat\u0159ilo k nejstar\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsob\u016fm jeho \u00fapravy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 konzervace. Z tohoto pra\u017ema se tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipravovala pol\u00e9vka \u201epra\u017eenka\u201c.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd n\u00e1zev m\u00e1 postn\u00ed ned\u011ble t\u0159et\u00ed v po\u0159ad\u00ed: K\u00fdchav\u00e1 “Oculi”. V tuto ned\u011bli se toti\u017e slou\u017eila m\u0161e za odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed moru, jeho\u017e prvn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edznaky bylo pr\u00e1v\u011b nadm\u011brn\u00e9 k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed. \u0158\u00edkalo se: “Jak\u017e kdo kejchl, hned n\u00e1hle um\u0159\u00edti musil.” Lid\u00e9 proto vin\u0161ovali sob\u011b “Pom\u00e1hej p\u00e1n B\u016fh” nebo “Pozdav T\u011b p\u00e1n B\u016fh”. Pot\u00e9 bylo toto pozdraven\u00ed znakem dobr\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed. A v\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dist\u00ed hlavu – proto se je\u0161t\u011b podporovalo \u0161\u0148up\u00e1n\u00edm. Traduje se tak\u00e9, kdo v tento den t\u0159ikr\u00e1t za sebou k\u00fdchne, bude zdr\u00e1v cel\u00fd rok. Kolikr\u00e1t kdo k\u00fdchne, minim\u00e1ln\u011b tolik rok\u016f bude je\u0161t\u011b \u017e\u00edt. Co se m\u00e1 d\u011blat: pozdravit, kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo k\u00fdchne.<\/p>\n

Ned\u011ble uprost\u0159ed postn\u00edho obdob\u00ed se jmenuje Dru\u017eebn\u00e1 “Laetare”. N\u00e1zev lze odvozovat od dru\u017eby (nap\u0159. Kecala z Prodan\u00e9 nev\u011bsty), kter\u00fd ten den spolu se \u017eenichem mohl nav\u0161t\u00edvit dom\u00e1cnost vyhl\u00e9dnut\u00e9 nev\u011bsty a p\u0159ipravovat n\u00e1mluvy. Dostal zde k j\u00eddlu “pu\u010d\u00e1lku”, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se mu p\u0159edlo\u017eila vidli\u010dka, on v\u0161ak m\u011bl spr\u00e1vn\u011b po\u010dkat na l\u017e\u00edci, jinak se mu vysm\u00e1li. Co se m\u00e1 d\u011blat: dru\u017eit se a sd\u00edlet spolu \u010das.<\/p>\n

Smrtn\u00e1 “Indica” postn\u00ed ned\u011ble je v po\u0159ad\u00ed p\u00e1t\u00e1. Tradice spojen\u00e9 s umu\u010den\u00edm Krista se tu prol\u00ednaj\u00ed se star\u00fdmi pohansk\u00fdmi zvyky (vyn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed Smrtholky, Moreny, Morany, Mo\u0159eny, Ma\u0159eny) po p\u0159ekonan\u00e9m zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed. Ze vsi se vyn\u00e1\u0161ela bohyn\u011b smrti a zimy a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161elo se l\u00e9to v podob\u011b mlad\u00e9ho stromku. Lid\u00e9 Smrtku nej\u010dast\u011bji vytv\u00e1\u0159eli ze sl\u00e1my a strojili do star\u00fdch \u017eensk\u00fdch \u0161at\u016f. Pot\u00e9 ji p\u0159ipev\u0148ovali na vysokou ty\u010d a v \u010dele pr\u016fvodu vyn\u00e1\u0161eli za ves a tam ji hodili do vody, zahrabali nebo up\u00e1lili. Zp\u011bt se vraceli s “l\u00edtem” – mal\u00fdm zelen\u00fdm stromkem ov\u011bn\u010den\u00fdm r\u016fzn\u00fdmi ozdobami. Za hlasit\u00e9ho prozp\u011bvov\u00e1n\u00ed s n\u00edm obch\u00e1zeli domy a koledovali. V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee z toho domu, odkud se chlapec nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed ob\u0159adu, n\u011bkdo do roka zem\u0159e. Cel\u00fd tento zvyk v\u0161ak poch\u00e1z\u00ed z pohansk\u00fdch dob a c\u00edrkev jej zakazovala. Co se tak\u00e9 d\u011blo, j\u00edt na proch\u00e1zku a vyn\u00e9st symbol zimy z domu a p\u0159in\u00e9st si nara\u0161enou v\u011btvi\u010dkou nebo kyti\u010dku a p\u0159iv\u00edtat jaro.<\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed, \u0161est\u00e1 postn\u00ed ned\u011ble, je nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 jmenuje se Kv\u011btn\u00e1 “Palmarum”. Jej\u00ed n\u00e1zev p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 den p\u0159\u00edchodu Krista do Jeruzal\u00e9ma, kdy mu davy j\u00e1saj\u00edc\u00edch lid\u00ed stlali cestu \u010derstv\u011b osekan\u00fdmi palmov\u00fdmi ratolestmi. U n\u00e1s tento den sv\u011bt\u00ed kn\u011bz kvetouc\u00edmi ratolestmi ko\u010di\u010dek, kter\u00e9 pak rozd\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm m\u0161e. V lidov\u00e9 tradici p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161elo do vesnice l\u00e9to, tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 l\u00e9te\u010dko nebo l\u00edto, co\u017e byl zelen\u00fd proutek z jehli\u010dnat\u00e9ho stromku. Ten byl nej\u010dast\u011bji zdoben\u00fd vejci, slam\u011bn\u00fdmi \u0159et\u011bzy, su\u0161en\u00fdm ovocem, figurkami pt\u00e1\u010dk\u016f, barevn\u00fdmi pentlemi, obr\u00e1zky svat\u00fdch nebo n\u011bkdy na n\u011bm byla p\u0159iv\u00e1zan\u00e1 tak\u00e9 hadrov\u00e1 panenky.<\/p>\n

V\u0161echny tyto prvky m\u011bly symbolizovat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm plodnost. P\u0159i obch\u016fzk\u00e1ch po vesnici se pak se stromkem rytmicky pohazovalo a nakonec byl zabodnut do zem\u011b. D\u00edvky b\u011bhem obch\u016fzek oznamovaly, \u017ee zima je pry\u010d a opakovaly blahop\u0159ejn\u00e9 formule. Co se m\u00e1 d\u011blat: posv\u011bcen\u00fdmi ko\u010di\u010dkami si p\u0159et\u0159eme o\u010di, aby n\u00e1s cel\u00fd rok nebolely, a dob\u0159e jsme vid\u011bli. Kdy\u017e jednu ko\u010di\u010dku spolkneme, nebude n\u00e1s cel\u00fd rok bolet v krku. Obydl\u00ed vymeteme zelen\u00fdmi ratolestmi, abychom zahubili ve\u0161kerou ne\u0159est. Tuto ned\u011bli nic se nem\u00e1 p\u00e9ct, aby se nezapekl kv\u011bt na stromech a bylin\u00e1ch a nebylo by \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u00faroda. K postn\u00ed dob\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 pobo\u017enosti k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 cesty, b\u011bhem nich\u017e v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed proch\u00e1zej\u00ed kolem \u010dtrn\u00e1cti “zastaven\u00ed”, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed Kristovo utrpen\u00ed od odsouzen\u00ed a\u017e po poh\u0159ben\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161inou se jedn\u00e1 o obrazy, kter\u00fd jsou ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch kapli\u010dk\u00e1ch anebo na st\u011bn\u00e1ch uvnit\u0159 kostela. Kn\u011bz jde s v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi od obrazu k obrazu, p\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm se zastav\u00ed, pomodl\u00ed a vylo\u017e\u00ed jeho v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

Zdroj:\u00a0 LANGHAMMEROV\u00c1, Ji\u0159ina. Lidov\u00e9 zvyky. Praha : Lidov\u00e9 noviny, 2004.<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Doba <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":156301,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/02\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-\u0161est-ned\u011bl\u00ed-1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123198"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=123198"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123198\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":156302,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123198\/revisions\/156302"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/156301"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=123198"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=123198"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=123198"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}