{"id":122046,"date":"2019-02-21T15:21:15","date_gmt":"2019-02-21T14:21:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=122046"},"modified":"2019-02-21T15:36:04","modified_gmt":"2019-02-21T14:36:04","slug":"stara-sumava-mastny-ctvrtek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=122046","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Tu\u010dn\u00fd \u010dtvrtek"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Obdob\u00ed masopustu je rozd\u011bleno do n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed. Masopust je ve znamen\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho vesel\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 tu\u010dn\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem. Naz\u00fdv\u00e1 se tak posledn\u00ed \u010dtvrtek p\u0159ed Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edou a t\u00edmto dnem za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 masopust a odpoledne b\u00fdvalo pracovn\u00ed volno. Alespo\u0148 tak to dnes ch\u00e1pe v\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s, i kdy\u017e to nen\u00ed tak \u00fapln\u011b pravda.<\/h6>\n

Masopust jako obdob\u00ed roku za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ji\u017e po sv\u00e1tku T\u0159ech kr\u00e1l\u016f, av\u0161ak t\u00edmto dnem za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 on\u011bch posledn\u00edch \u0161est dn\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fdch masopustn\u00edch radov\u00e1nek. Tu\u010dn\u00fd \u010dtvrtek je dnem masa a sladk\u00e9ho pe\u010diva, zkr\u00e1tka den povolen\u00e9ho a organizovan\u00e9ho p\u0159ej\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed. Byla tradice, \u017ee na Tu\u010dn\u00fd \u010dtvrtek se mus\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b naj\u00edst mastn\u00e9ho, aby m\u011bl po cel\u00fd rok s\u00edlu. B\u00fdvala to p\u0159\u00edprava na \u010dty\u0159icetidenn\u00ed p\u016fst, kter\u00fd trval a\u017e do Velikonoc. <\/span><\/p>\n

Tu\u010dn\u00fd \u010dtvrtek jako sou\u010d\u00e1st masopustu m\u00e1 v \u010cech\u00e1ch tradici dolo\u017eenou ji\u017e za posledn\u00edch P\u0159emyslovc\u016f a zvyk je jist\u011b mnohem star\u0161\u00ed. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku a ran\u00e9m novov\u011bku bylo dobr\u00fdm zvykem j\u00edst zv\u011b\u0159inu, kdo tuto mo\u017enost nem\u011bl, jedl jehn\u011b\u010d\u00ed, skopov\u00e9 \u010di hov\u011bz\u00ed. Od 18. stolet\u00ed se na vesnic\u00edch roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il zvyk masopustn\u00edch zab\u00edja\u010dek a typick\u00fdm j\u00eddlem na Tu\u010dn\u00fd \u010dtvrtek se stala vep\u0159ov\u00e1 \u0159e\u010den\u011b s houskov\u00fdmi knedl\u00edky a zel\u00edm, jitrnice a jelita byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed masopustn\u00ed v\u00fdslu\u017eky. <\/span><\/p>\n

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu 19. stolet\u00ed se zvyk j\u00edst na Tu\u010dn\u00fd \u010dtvrtek \u201evep\u0159o-knedlo-zelo\u201c roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il i do m\u011bst. Dal\u0161\u00edm obl\u00edben\u00fdm pokrmem b\u00fdvala husa, podobn\u011b jako o sv\u00e1tku sv. Martina. Oboj\u00ed se d\u016fkladn\u011b zal\u00e9valo pivem, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto prokl\u00e1dalo ko\u0159alkou. Tu\u010dn\u00e9 j\u00eddlo a alkohol k sob\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed od nepam\u011bti. <\/span><\/p>\n

Pokrmem, kter\u00fd je pro Tu\u010dn\u00fd \u010dtvrtek snad nejtypi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, jsou koblihy. Zvyk na tento den sma\u017eit ve velk\u00e9m koblihy je u n\u00e1s dolo\u017een tak\u00e9 ji\u017e ze st\u0159edov\u011bku a svou oblibu koblihy neztratily ani dnes. Sma\u017e\u00ed se ve vysok\u00e9 vrstv\u011b oleje a pln\u00ed se nej\u010dast\u011bji marmel\u00e1dou, povidly, m\u00e1kem. <\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli je Tu\u010dn\u00fd \u010dtvrtek tradi\u010dn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed masopustu ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b katolick\u00fdch a protestantsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed (zn\u00e1m je i v pravoslavn\u00fdch), dnes se slav\u00ed zejm\u00e9na v n\u011bmecky mluv\u00edc\u00edch zem\u00edch a v Polsku. <\/span><\/p>\n

A na z\u00e1v\u011br zaj\u00edmavost: pro\u010d masopustn\u00ed vesel\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b ve \u010dtvrtek? Pro\u010d ne t\u0159eba ve st\u0159edu? Masopustn\u00ed vesel\u00ed by tak trvalo cel\u00fd t\u00fdden, ne pouze \u0161est dn\u00ed. D\u016fvody pro volbu \u010dtvrtka byly jak liturgick\u00e9, tak praktick\u00e9. St\u0159eda a p\u00e1tek b\u00fdvaly postn\u00edmi dny, jako dny kdy za\u010dalo a skon\u010dilo Kristovo utrpen\u00ed. To platilo cel\u00fd rok, a v\u00fdjimka se ned\u011blala ani o masopustu. Ostatn\u011b p\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed p\u016fst dodr\u017euj\u00ed praktikuj\u00edc\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 dodnes. A te\u010f ten praktick\u00fd d\u016fvod: maso ze zab\u00edja\u010dky bylo nutn\u00e9 sn\u00edst do n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho \u00faterka, popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edou za\u010d\u00ednal \u010dty\u0159icetidenn\u00ed p\u016fst. <\/span><\/p>\n

S Tu\u010dn\u00fdm \u010dtvrtkem byla spojena \u0159ada pov\u011br, jako s ka\u017ed\u00fdm v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u00e1tkem. V\u011b\u0159ilo se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm, \u017ee kdo se dostate\u010dn\u011b nenaj\u00ed, ten nebude cel\u00fd rok p\u0159i s\u00edle. Kolem koblih se tak\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ila \u0159ada zvyk\u016f, jedna kobliha se nap\u0159. usu\u0161ila, rozemlela na pr\u00e1\u0161ek a ten se p\u0159id\u00e1val do krmen\u00ed nemocn\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm. V\u00edra v kouzelnou moc Tu\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dtvrtka b\u00fdvala velmi siln\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n


\nZdroj: \u010cesk\u00e9 tradice a zvyky<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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