{"id":121544,"date":"2019-02-15T15:37:46","date_gmt":"2019-02-15T14:37:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=121544"},"modified":"2022-05-23T14:06:08","modified_gmt":"2022-05-23T13:06:08","slug":"stara-sumava-svate-kouty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=121544","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Svat\u00e9 kouty"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Obr\u00e1zky svat\u00fdch patron\u016f zhotoven\u00e9 technikou podmalby na skle se na \u010desk\u00e9m venkov\u011b t\u011b\u0161ily hlubok\u00e9 \u00fact\u011b rodiny. Jejich v\u00fdznam dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 i zvyk, \u017ee p\u0159i st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed se obr\u00e1zek p\u0159inesl spolu s pecnem chleba jako prvn\u00ed do nov\u00e9ho domova.<\/h6>\n

Svat\u00fd kout byl roh obytn\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti \u00fahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u011b proti peci, kde st\u00e1l st\u016fl s lavicemi, kter\u00fd vytv\u00e1\u0159el p\u0159irozen\u00e9 centrum rodinn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se prom\u011bnil ve skute\u010dn\u00fd olt\u00e1\u0159, kdy\u017e p\u0159ich\u00e1zel kn\u011bz, aby ud\u011blil sv\u00e1tost posledn\u00edho pomaz\u00e1n\u00ed. Nad stolem byla nav\u00edc um\u00edst\u011bna holubi\u010dka ze \u0161t\u00edpan\u00e9ho d\u0159eva jako symbol Ducha svat\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

Bylo to m\u00edsto ka\u017edodenn\u00edch osobn\u00edch i spole\u010dn\u00fdch modliteb nap\u0159. p\u0159ed j\u00eddlem nebo p\u0159i v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch \u010di nal\u00e9hav\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech. Na st\u011bn\u00e1ch nad stolem byly um\u00edst\u011bny svat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty a keramika. Tento prostor byl ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako svat\u00fd kout a byl \u010destn\u00fdm m\u00edstem domu, spojen\u00fdm s nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi rodinn\u00fdmi ud\u00e1lostmi, jak\u00fdmi byly svatba, \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd ve\u010der, narozen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte apod. Kdo vstupuje do tradi\u010dn\u00edho selsk\u00e9ho domu a d\u00edv\u00e1 se na v\u00fdzdobu stolov\u00e9ho koutu estetick\u00fdmi m\u011b\u0159\u00edtky, m\u00e1lokdy pochod\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vedle p\u016fvabn\u00fdch obr\u00e1zk\u016f zde nal\u00e9z\u00e1 ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 a jin\u00e1 vyobrazen\u00ed s nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1m\u011bty, rodinn\u00e9 fotografie, kytice a jin\u00e9 upom\u00ednky. Estetick\u00e9 hledisko bylo v rolnick\u00e9m interi\u00e9ru \u00fazce spojeno s hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi, soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi a jin\u00fdmi pot\u0159ebami; s nimi se \u010dasto pojil i pojem kr\u00e1sna. “P\u011bkn\u00e9” byly pro roln\u00edka upom\u00ednky z pout\u00ed, prvn\u00edho p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, ze svatby, z vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby, do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00fd v\u011bnec, keramika, portr\u00e9ty \u010dlen\u016f rodiny i obrazy svat\u00fdch, mezi nimi\u017e byla nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyobrazen\u00ed patron\u016f ochra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch d\u016fm, dobytek i \u00farodu na poli.<\/p>\n

Ozna\u010d\u00ed-li sedl\u00e1k n\u011bco jako “p\u011bkn\u00e9”, pak hraje tento v\u00fdraz mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou roli. P\u0159edm\u011bt, jen\u017e se st\u00e1v\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fdzdoby jizby, je pro hospod\u00e1\u0159e a jeho rodinu dokladem n\u011bjak\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u017eitku nebo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed snah o prosperitu v dom\u011b i v hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. O ka\u017ed\u00e9m obr\u00e1zku, o ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159edm\u011btu v\u00ed, kdy, kde a jak byl z\u00edsk\u00e1n, kdy byl um\u00edst\u011bn v jizb\u011b, za jak\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed, pro\u010d byl pov\u011b\u0161en pr\u00e1v\u011b na m\u00edst\u011b, kde se nal\u00e9z\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd prvek tak pat\u0159\u00ed k d\u011bjin\u00e1m domu a nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9 jej odtud odstranit. V jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u0161ak prozrazuj\u00ed tyto neok\u00e1zal\u00e9 mal\u016fvky na skle je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco v\u00edc. Ten d\u011btinsky up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup tv\u016frc\u016f k jejich t\u00e9matu se nutn\u011b obr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v cel\u00e9m v\u00fdsledn\u00e9m vyzn\u011bn\u00ed natolik, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159edat hlubok\u00fd duchovn\u00ed n\u00e1boj a inspiraci v sob\u011b skrytou.<\/p>\n

Mal\u00fd vesm\u00edr lidov\u00e9 obraznosti dal v p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch \u0161umavsk\u00fdch um\u011blc\u016f postav\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 jako by vystoupily sp\u00ed\u0161e z okruhu dom\u00e1c\u00edch pov\u011bst\u00ed ne\u017e z n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice. Tak mo\u017eno vysv\u011btlit n\u011bkter\u00e9 motivy voln\u011b se pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed v prostoru i v \u010dase a vyzbrojiv\u0161\u00ed nap\u0159. staroz\u00e1konn\u00edho v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edka loveckou pu\u0161kou \u010di loupe\u017enickou pistol\u00ed nebo pova\u017ete navl\u00e9knuv\u0161\u00ed obl\u00edben\u00e9ho sv\u011btce do uniformy rakousk\u00e9ho d\u016fstojn\u00edka.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00e9 kulturn\u011b historick\u00e9 \u00falety se ov\u0161em nijak nemohly dotknout cit\u016f \u0161irok\u00e9ho lidov\u00e9ho publika, jemu\u017e byly obr\u00e1zky p\u0159ece ur\u010deny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm, ba naopak: jak\u00e1koli v\u00fdtka ohledn\u011b nich by byla \u0161patn\u011b vykl\u00e1d\u00e1na jako n\u011bjak\u00e1 svatokr\u00e1de\u017e. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1bytku se v prom\u011b\u0148ovalo p\u0159i zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch rodinn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i narozen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte byla kolem mat\u010diny postele, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 v rohu jizby pobl\u00ed\u017e pece, zav\u011b\u0161ena ke stropu plachta “koutnice”, kter\u00e1 izolovala \u0161estined\u011blku od ostatn\u00edho prostoru, chr\u00e1nila; ji i d\u00edt\u011b p\u0159ed ciz\u00edmi pohledy a domn\u011ble tak\u00e9 p\u0159ed \u0161kodlivou moc\u00ed nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdch sil. Tento oby\u010dej, spojen\u00fd se star\u0161\u00edmi v\u011brsk\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami, byl zn\u00e1m rovn\u011b\u017e v sousedn\u00edch zem\u00edch.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i svatebn\u00edm ob\u0159adu, kdy bylo nutno zajistit m\u00edsta k sezen\u00ed pro \u010detn\u00e9 svatebn\u00ed hosty, se vyn\u00e1\u0161ely z jizby postele a rohov\u00fd st\u016fl, u n\u011bho\u017e sed\u011bla nev\u011bsta se \u017eenichem, byl dopln\u011bn o dal\u0161\u00ed stoly, kde m\u011bli sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed svateb\u010dan\u00e9. mezi nimi\u017e nej\u010destn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postaven\u00ed zauj\u00edmali kmot\u0159i. Pro ostatn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky svatby, d\u011bti a muzikanty byly p\u0159ipraveny stoly v pr\u016fjezdu do domu, ve dvo\u0159e a na jin\u00fdch m\u00edstech.<\/p>\n

Tak je tomu p\u0159i tradi\u010dn\u00edch svatb\u00e1ch dodnes. Jestli\u017ee p\u0159i svatb\u011b se m\u00edstnost m\u011bnila z v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 ob\u0159adn\u00ed m\u00edstnosti ve vesel\u00fd tane\u010dn\u00ed prostor (kdysi b\u00fdvalo zvykem zde tan\u010dit i p\u0159i n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b potuln\u00e9ho hudebn\u00edka v dom\u011b, p\u0159i ob\u0159adn\u00edch masopustn\u00edch, hodov\u00fdch a jin\u00fdch obch\u016fzk\u00e1ch a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech), v dob\u011b \u00famrt\u00ed \u010dlena rodiny se z jizby st\u00e1v\u00e1 smute\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btnice, v n\u00ed\u017e le\u017e\u00ed mrtv\u00fd na odestlan\u00e9 posteli, na lavici nebo v rakvi postaven\u00e9 na \u017eidl\u00edch; sem p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed a soused\u00e9, aby se s n\u00edm rozlou\u010dili.<\/p>\n

V\u0161ude vl\u00e1dne ticho a smute\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1lada. K mrtv\u00e9mu se stav\u00ed roz\u017eat\u00e9 sv\u00edce, k\u0159\u00ed\u017e a sv\u011bcen\u00e1 voda, zast\u00edraj\u00ed se okna a zrcadla, zastavuj\u00ed se hodiny, nech\u00e1v\u00e1 se vyhasnout ohe\u0148. V\u0161eobecn\u011b byl kdysi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en oby\u010dej otv\u00edrat p\u0159i skonu okno, aby du\u0161e mohla voln\u011b ulet\u011bt. Po n\u00e1vratu ze h\u0159bitova se cel\u00fd d\u016fm \u010dist\u00ed, om\u00fdv\u00e1 se n\u00e1bytek, b\u00edl\u00ed st\u011bny. B\u011b\u017en\u00e1 \u00faprava i obvykl\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pokojov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b pozm\u011b\u0148ovalo t\u00e9\u017e ve ve\u010dern\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch, kdy se rodina a \u010dele\u010f ukl\u00e1daly ke sp\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: A. V\u00e1clav\u00edk, k problematice lidov\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. 1959, \u010d. 2, s. 6-7.<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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