{"id":121468,"date":"2019-02-01T23:08:16","date_gmt":"2019-02-01T22:08:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=121468"},"modified":"2019-02-01T23:08:16","modified_gmt":"2019-02-01T22:08:16","slug":"stara-sumava-hromnice-predstavuji-usvit-noveho-roku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=121468","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Hromnice p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u00fasvit nov\u00e9ho roku"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Na Hromnice se za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed plnit sliby boh\u016f dan\u00e9 lidem za zimn\u00edho slunovratu, \u017ee se sv\u011btlo vr\u00e1t\u00ed a \u017eivot obnov\u00ed. Hromnice p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u00fasvit nov\u00e9ho roku. Nade\u0161el \u010das probudit se ze zemn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku a opatrn\u011b se rozhl\u00e9dnout.<\/span><\/h6>\n

Ohe\u0148 byl vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako \u017eivel, kter\u00fd na zemi zastupuje Slunce. Lid\u00e9 od prad\u00e1vna zapalovali ohn\u011b, kter\u00e9 je m\u011bly o\u010distit a chr\u00e1nit a prov\u00e1d\u011bli p\u0159i nich rozli\u010dn\u00e9 ob\u0159ady v\u010detn\u011b p\u00e1len\u00ed ob\u011btin. Tento vztah k ohni m\u011bl ko\u0159eny i v jeho praktick\u00e9m vyu\u017eit\u00ed, coby zdroje tepla, sv\u011btla a ochrany p\u0159ed dravou zv\u011b\u0159\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

V dob\u00e1ch p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch bylo zvykem zapalov\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148\u016f na n\u00e1vr\u0161\u00edch, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhalo v obdob\u00ed zimn\u00edho a letn\u00edho slunovratu. Pl\u00e1polaj\u00edc\u00ed ohe\u0148 m\u011bl zah\u00e1n\u011bt \u010darod\u011bjn\u00e9 s\u00edly, jejich\u017e moc byla v t\u011bchto \u010d\u00e1stech roku nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. N\u00e1m z t\u00e9to doby zbyl zvyk p\u00e1len\u00ed \u010darod\u011bjnic na p\u0159elomu dubna a kv\u011btna. Zbytky oh\u0148\u016f si lid\u00e9 odn\u00e1\u0161eli dom\u016f jako magick\u00fd prost\u0159edek, kter\u00fd m\u011bl d\u016fm ochr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed po\u017e\u00e1rem. Podle lidov\u00fdch pov\u011br bylo t\u0159eba chovat se k ohni uctiv\u011b, aby ne\u0161kodil. <\/span><\/p>\n

Hromni\u010dky se poprv\u00e9 zapalovaly o prvn\u00ed bou\u0159i dan\u00e9ho roku a zap\u00e1len\u00edm tak pros\u00edme o ochranu sebe, domu i \u00farody p\u0159ed bou\u0159kou, blesky a krupobit\u00edm. Je zvykem d\u00e1vat zap\u00e1lenou hromni\u010dku do okna. Okna se p\u0159i bou\u0159k\u00e1ch v\u017edy zav\u00edrala, aby lid\u00e9 nep\u0159ivol\u00e1vali hromy a blesky. \u010casto byly zdoben\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky Panny Marie, r\u016fzn\u00fdmi k\u0159\u00ed\u017eky, pentli\u010dkami a kv\u011btinami. Pat\u0159ily tak\u00e9 mezi obl\u00edben\u00e9 d\u00e1rky z pout\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hromni\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010dky sv\u011bcen\u00e9 2. \u00fanora na sv\u00e1tek Uveden\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b do chr\u00e1mu si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me ud\u00e1lost, kdy Marie, matka Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e a jeho otec Josef, p\u0159inesli sv\u00e9ho syna do jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu, kde byl jako prvorozen\u00fd zasv\u011bcen Bohu. Zbo\u017en\u00fd star\u00fd mu\u017e, spravedliv\u00fd Simeon, m\u011bl prorock\u00e9ho ducha a vy\u0159kl, \u017ee Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 bude \u201esv\u011btlem k osv\u00edcen\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f\u201c. Jak u\u017e jejich n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, slou\u017eily p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako ochrana proti hromu (p\u0159esn\u011bji proti blesku), kdy se za bou\u0159e stav\u011bly roz\u017eat\u00e9 do okna staven\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkde se spole\u010dn\u011b s roz\u017eatou hromni\u010dkou pokl\u00e1dal na st\u016fl tak\u00e9 chl\u00e9b zabalen\u00fd do b\u00edl\u00e9 pleny. Hromni\u010dky m\u011bly tak\u00e9 moc ochr\u00e1nit \u010dlov\u011bka proti \u010f\u00e1blu, za\u017eehnat r\u016fzn\u00e9 nemoci a slou\u017eily t\u00e9\u017e jako prost\u0159edek pro \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 um\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 je d\u00e1vali do rukou sv\u00fdm mrtv\u00fdm b\u011bhem poh\u0159ebn\u00edch ob\u0159ad\u016f, aby sv\u00edce zahnaly zl\u00e9 duchy a zesnul\u00ed mohli odej\u00edt v m\u00edru do bla\u017een\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sv\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed na\u0161la i v hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed p\u0159ed set\u00edm pokropil hospod\u00e1\u0159 p\u0161enici sv\u011bcenou vodou a zastr\u010dil do n\u00ed roz\u017eatou hromni\u010dku, to aby p\u0161enice nebyla sn\u011btiv\u00e1. Po m\u0161i obch\u00e1zel s ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed hromni\u010dkou t\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u010del\u00edn, aby ho ochr\u00e1nil p\u0159ed zlod\u011bji a aby m\u011bly v\u010dely hojn\u011b medu. U\u017e\u00edvalo se j\u00ed i v l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed, nap\u0159. proti bolestem o\u010d\u00ed. Jinde se v den Hromnic nesm\u011blo tan\u010dit \u010di pou\u017e\u00edvat jehly na \u0161it\u00ed. Do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f je zachov\u00e1no toto datum pro Den zasv\u011bcen\u00e9ho \u017eivota pro \u0159eholn\u00edky a \u0159eholnice. Tento pam\u011btn\u00ed den se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b uct\u00edv\u00e1 a\u017e od 11. stolet\u00ed a je \u010dasto ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako o\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed Panny Marie.<\/span><\/p>\n


\nZdroj: Ve\u010derkov\u00e1, Eva: Oby\u010deje a slavnosti v \u010desk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 kultu\u0159e, Praha 2015, s.16 Cel\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed najdete v Bibli v Luk\u00e1\u0161ov\u011b evangeliu, kapitola 2, ver\u0161e 22-40 (Lk 2,22-40)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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