{"id":121000,"date":"2020-02-02T18:37:31","date_gmt":"2020-02-02T17:37:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=121000"},"modified":"2020-02-02T18:37:31","modified_gmt":"2020-02-02T17:37:31","slug":"stara-sumava-slamene-osatky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=121000","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Slam\u011bn\u00e9 o\u0161atky"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ty hn\u011bd\u00e9 pomou\u010den\u00e9 ruce,<\/em>
\n ta l\u00e1kav\u00e1 chlebov\u00e1 v\u016fn\u011b,<\/em>
\n ta lampa \u010dadiv\u00e1 na pomou\u010den\u00e9m stole,<\/em>
\n na n\u011bm\u017e z o\u0161atek kou\u0159ily chleby,<\/em>
\n to byl domov…<\/em><\/span><\/h6>\n
\n

Je to trochu jako v poh\u00e1dce. Ne\u017e sl\u00e1mu z\u00edsk\u00e1me, mus\u00ed se obd\u011blat p\u016fda. Pak se seje obil\u00ed, to mus\u00ed dozr\u00e1t, pak se skl\u00edz\u00ed, odd\u011bluje klas, t\u0159\u00edd\u00ed st\u00e9bla, sl\u00e1ma se b\u011bl\u00ed…A pak se m\u016f\u017ee za\u010d\u00edt pracovat. Vysledovat historii v\u00fdroby ze sl\u00e1my je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, \u017ee sl\u00e1ma je velmi pom\u00edjiv\u00fd materi\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

V\u00edce poznatk\u016f o r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdrob\u00e1ch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f se obecn\u011b dochovalo a\u017e od konce 18. stolet\u00ed. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v ka\u017ed\u00e9m hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed se vyskytoval n\u011bkdo, kdo um\u011bl upl\u00e9st o\u0161atku, opravit do\u0161kovou st\u0159echu nebo zhotovit jin\u00fd pot\u0159ebn\u00fd v\u00fdrobek ze sl\u00e1my. Na tuto v\u00fdrobu se ob\u010das v obci specializoval n\u011bkter\u00fd z chud\u0161\u00edch nebo slab\u0161\u00edch obyvatel. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bl p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b, nej\u010dast\u011bji na objedn\u00e1vku soused\u016f z okruhu sv\u00e9ho bydli\u0161t\u011b, sv\u00e9 vesnice nebo n\u011bkolika sousedn\u00edch vesnic. Objednavatel\u00e9 mu pak obvykle platili natur\u00e1liemi, m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto pen\u011bzi.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edm v\u00fdrobkem t\u011bchto pleta\u0159\u016f byly o\u0161atky, kter\u00e9 slou\u017eily ke kynut\u00ed bochn\u00edk\u016f chleba, tak\u017ee jejich v\u00fdroba se udr\u017eovala tam, kde se je\u0161t\u011b pekl dom\u00e1c\u00ed chl\u00e9b. Dobr\u00fd chl\u00e9b sm\u011ble m\u016f\u017ee v lahodnosti sout\u011b\u017eit s manou nebeskou. V\u017edy\u0165 up\u00e9ci dobr\u00fd chl\u00e9b je um\u011bn\u00ed hrani\u010d\u00edc\u00ed s kon\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00e1zrak\u016f. Kdy\u017e se s pe\u010den\u00edm dom\u00e1c\u00edho chleba p\u0159est\u00e1valo, zmen\u0161ovala se i popt\u00e1vka po o\u0161atk\u00e1ch a jejich v\u00fdroba p\u0159irozen\u011b zanikala. \u00dapln\u00fd z\u00e1nik pak p\u0159ineslo v polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed ru\u0161en\u00ed mal\u00fdch \u0159emesln\u00fdch pek\u00e1ren, kter\u00e9 tak\u00e9 slam\u011bn\u00e9 o\u0161atky pou\u017e\u00edvaly.<\/p>\n

K pleten\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt sl\u00e1mu ze v\u0161ech druh\u016f obil\u00ed, kter\u00e9 u n\u00e1s rostou. Pleten\u00ed se odkl\u00e1dalo v\u011bt\u0161inou na zimu, do doby dlouh\u00fdch ve\u010der\u016f, a proto se sl\u00e1ma d\u00e1vala proschnout, aby neplesniv\u011bla. Men\u0161\u00ed slam\u011bn\u00e9 ozdoby se vyr\u00e1b\u011bly hlavn\u011b v z\u00e1v\u011bru sklizn\u011b na jej\u00ed oslavu. N\u011bkdy se na n\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvala nevyml\u00e1cen\u00e1 sl\u00e1ma p\u0159\u00edmo z pole. Pleten\u00edm p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f ze sl\u00e1my se d\u0159\u00edve profesion\u00e1ln\u011b zab\u00fdvalo m\u00e1lokdo. B\u00fdvala to toti\u017e sez\u00f3nn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce v ka\u017ed\u00e9m hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu zimy. Byla to nutn\u00e1 pot\u0159eba pro vlastn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Slam\u011bn\u00fdch pleten\u00fdch o\u0161atek bylo pot\u0159eba mnoho druh\u016f a \u017eitn\u00e9 sl\u00e1my bylo dostatek. \u017dito se d\u0159\u00edve hojn\u011b p\u011bstovalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude. Na \u017eitnou mouku na chl\u00e9b i pro sl\u00e1mu na v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u0159\u00edsel. Obil\u00ed se tehdy ml\u00e1tilo ru\u010dn\u011b \u2013 cepy a dlouh\u00e1 st\u00e9bla sl\u00e1my z\u016fst\u00e1vala neporu\u0161ena. Ze sl\u00e1my se mimo pov\u0159\u00edsla pletly i jin\u00e9 pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty do hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. O\u0161atek musela m\u00edt ka\u017ed\u00e1 nev\u011bsta pot\u0159ebn\u00fd po\u010det do v\u00fdbavy. (Chl\u00e9b se nepekl ka\u017ed\u00fd den.) Ale pletly se i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u2013 \u0159\u00edkalo se jim op\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n

Kulat\u00e9 i ov\u00e1ln\u00e9 op\u00e1lky, m\u011blk\u00e9 i hlub\u0161\u00ed, byly na ovoce, zeleninu, zrn\u00ed pro dr\u016fbe\u017e. Chlebov\u00e9 d\u00ed\u017ee lid\u00e9 p\u0159ikr\u00fdvali slam\u011bn\u00fdmi v\u00edky. Velmi pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 byly tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 slam\u011bnice, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1doby ve tvaru d\u017eb\u00e1n\u016f. Proto\u017ee byly vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 uchov\u00e1valo se v nich zrn\u00ed, hr\u00e1ch a lu\u0161t\u011bniny v\u016fbec, slou\u017eily tak\u00e9 k ulo\u017een\u00ed sedran\u00e9ho pe\u0159\u00ed ne\u017e se zpracovalo. Rovn\u011b\u017e hus\u00ed hn\u00edzda byla vyrobena touto technikou.<\/p>\n

Technika pleten\u00ed byla jednoduch\u00e1. Pevn\u011b uta\u017een\u00fd pramen sl\u00e1my, provle\u010den\u00fd ko\u017een\u00fdm prstencem se st\u00e1\u010d\u00ed do tvaru dna a pak se zvedaj\u00ed st\u011bny do voln\u00e9ho tvaru. Jednotliv\u00e9 prameny se pak utahovaly loubkem \u0161t\u00edpan\u00fdm ze d\u0159eva, nebo p\u016flen\u00fdmi vrbov\u00fdmi proutky, kter\u00fdmi se z\u00e1rove\u0148 spojuj\u00ed \u0159ady.<\/p>\n

Pozdn\u00ed podzim p\u0159inesl mi<\/em>
\n jak na o\u0161atce chleba von\u00edc\u00ed<\/em>
\n hrstku slune\u010dnic<\/em>
\n za gro\u0161 zlat\u00e9ho list\u00ed<\/em>
\n spleten\u00e9 prameny slunce z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed…<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: Zanikl\u00e1 \u0159emesla, Ladislav Stehl\u00edk Pe\u010den\u00ed chleba ze sb\u00edrky Vrate\u010d\u00edn.<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Ty <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":183690,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/02\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-o\u0161atky.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121000"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=121000"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121000\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":183691,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121000\/revisions\/183691"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/183690"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=121000"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=121000"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=121000"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}