{"id":120398,"date":"2020-01-21T07:55:41","date_gmt":"2020-01-21T06:55:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=120398"},"modified":"2020-01-21T07:55:41","modified_gmt":"2020-01-21T06:55:41","slug":"stara-sumava-strecha-ktera-roste-v-lese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=120398","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: St\u0159echa, kter\u00e1 roste v lese"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0160indelov\u00e9 st\u0159echy jsou neodmysliteln\u011b spjaty s lidovou architekturou horsk\u00fdch a podhorsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na \u0160umavy. A\u017e\u00a0do 19. stolet\u00ed byla pr\u00e1v\u011b \u0161indeli kryt\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina dom\u016f, kostel\u016f, hrad\u016f i z\u00e1mk\u016f. Jak\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobky ze d\u0159eva si lid\u00e9 v \u0161umavsk\u00fdch chalup\u00e1ch p\u0159ivyd\u011bl\u00e1vali? <\/span><\/h6>\n

V\u00fdroba \u0161indele, d\u0159ev\u00e1ky, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed, kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9 pot\u0159eby, kolovr\u00e1tky a dal\u0161\u00ed pom\u016fcky ke zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed lnu, c\u00edvky na nit\u011b, z\u00e1tky do sud\u016f, d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd dr\u00e1t, \u017ealuziov\u00e1 prk\u00e9nka, n\u00e1sady na bi\u010de, hra\u010dky. A mistr \u0161indel\u00e1\u0159 musel m\u00edt dobrou ruku, aby nasekal \u0161indele p\u011bkn\u011b rovn\u011b, pak je upravil a \u0161up s nimi na st\u0159echu, kdyby snad lilo. Z\u00e1soby kvalitn\u00edho d\u0159eva daly na \u0160umav\u011b vzniknout mnoha \u0159emesl\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed svou \u010dinnost zde vykon\u00e1vali. Pokr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159ech je stejn\u011b star\u00e9, jako stavitelstv\u00ed samo. D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd \u0161t\u00edpan\u00fd \u0161indel byl kdysi a nen\u00ed tomu zase tak d\u00e1vno, krytinou chud\u00fdch. Dnes je tomu p\u0159esn\u011b naopak. <\/span><\/p>\n

D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 \u0161indele byly tradi\u010dn\u00ed a v minulosti nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed krytinou na lidov\u00fdch stavb\u00e1ch. Na p\u0159elomu 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed byly b\u011b\u017enou krytinou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v horsk\u00fdch a podhorsk\u00fdch oblastech, kde dopl\u0148ovali konstrukce rouben\u00fdch staveb. Z d\u016fvodu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed trvanlivosti byly postupem \u010dasu st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed do\u0161ky nahrazov\u00e1ny \u0161indeli i v n\u00ed\u017ee polo\u017een\u00fdch oblastech. Vzhledem ke sv\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti na v\u00fdrobu a pokl\u00e1dku si je mohly dovolit lid\u00e9 z bohat\u0161\u00edch vrstev na sv\u00fdch pansk\u00fdch staven\u00edch, c\u00edrkevn\u00edch stavb\u00e1ch a m\u011bstsk\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ru\u010dn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 \u0161indele ud\u00e1valy stavb\u00e1m u\u0161lechtilost d\u00edky vysok\u00fdm praktick\u00fdm a estetick\u00fdm n\u00e1rok\u016fm na st\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed krytinu. Pojem \u0161indel m\u00e1 p\u016fvod v \u00fazem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 byli sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a je odvozen z latinsk\u00e9ho pojmu ,, scindula \u201c, co\u017e je vysv\u011btleno jako \u0161t\u00edpat. D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e1 krytina t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zmizela z na\u0161ich st\u0159ech, stejn\u011b tak jako spojen\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd \u0161indel z na\u0161eho slovn\u00edku. I kdy\u017e Marie Terezie vydala z\u00e1kon o z\u00e1kazu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed spaln\u00fdch krytin ve m\u011bstech, na vesnic\u00edch se d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd \u0161indel udr\u017eel a\u017e do prvn\u00ed poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed. Ve snaze zabr\u00e1nit velk\u00fdm m\u011bstsk\u00fdm po\u017e\u00e1r\u016fm se dle nich m\u011bly pokr\u00fdvat st\u0159echy v\u00fdhradn\u011b b\u0159idlic\u00ed, p\u00e1len\u00fdmi ta\u0161kami a pozd\u011bji eternitem. Je\u0161t\u011b dnes najdeme u mnoh\u00fdch dom\u016f ve m\u011bstech pod novou krytinou p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u0161indele. <\/span><\/p>\n

Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce za\u010dalo upadat tesa\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0159emeslo a s n\u00edm se vytr\u00e1celi i kvalitn\u00ed \u0161indel\u00e1\u0159i. V\u00fdroba \u0161indele byla v\u017edy t\u011b\u017ekou prac\u00ed a aby se u\u0161et\u0159ilo za dopravu, tak \u0161indel\u00e1\u0159i vyr\u00e1\u017eeli t\u00e9\u017e do sv\u011bta \u0161indele vyr\u00e1b\u011bt p\u0159\u00edmo na staveni\u0161ti. V\u011bt\u0161inou ka\u017ed\u00fd domk\u00e1\u0159 a hospod\u00e1\u0159 si dok\u00e1zal vyrobit \u0161indel na opravu st\u0159echy s\u00e1m. Lid\u00e9 si jeho v\u00fdrobou i p\u0159ivyd\u011bl\u00e1vali p\u0159es zimu. Lep\u0161\u00ed kousky, ty \u0161irok\u00e9, slou\u017eily k prodeji a u\u017e\u0161\u00ed na vlastn\u00ed st\u0159echu. K d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdrob\u011b \u0161t\u00edpan\u00fdch \u0161indel\u016f bylo pot\u0159eba jen n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo n\u00e1stroj\u016f, ke \u0161t\u00edp\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1lu sekera s palic\u00ed, k ob\u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0159\u00edz (dlouh\u00fd n\u016f\u017e s rukojet\u00ed na obou stran\u00e1ch), na zhotoven\u00ed dr\u00e1\u017eky pak fugovn\u00edk. V\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fdrobn\u00edho procesu prob\u00edhala na d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159ichycovac\u00ed stolici zvan\u00e9 str\u00fdc. <\/span><\/p>\n

Starou tradic\u00ed bylo na \u0160umav\u011b zhotovov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161indel\u016f. Nejd\u0159\u00edve se tak\u00e9 d\u011blaly jen v mal\u00e9m, podom\u00e1cku, ov\u0161em ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed se po\u010daly vyr\u00e1b\u011bt na schwarzenbersk\u00e9 pile na Pr\u00e1\u0161ilech strojov\u011b, zam\u011bstnalo se hodn\u011b d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed si za\u010dali vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat a nosit dom\u016f pravideln\u011b pen\u00edze a tak se v\u00fdroba \u0161indele v mal\u00fdch tov\u00e1rni\u010dk\u00e1ch postupn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila i do ostatn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0160umavy. Podle m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed starousedl\u00edk\u016f, ale byly tyto \u0161indele dost \u0161patn\u00e9, snad vinou \u0159id\u0161\u00edho d\u0159eva z mok\u0159in, m\u00e1lo vydr\u017eely a propou\u0161t\u011bly vodu a tak jak rychle se obchod s nimi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il, tak brzy upadl a od jejich v\u00fdroby se postupn\u011b upustilo.<\/span><\/p>\n


\nZdroj: D\u0159eva\u0159stv\u00ed na \u0160umav\u011b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  \u0160indelov\u00e9 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":182677,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/21\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-star\u00e1-\u0161umava.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120398"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=120398"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":182678,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120398\/revisions\/182678"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/182677"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=120398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=120398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=120398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}