{"id":119073,"date":"2019-03-23T08:28:15","date_gmt":"2019-03-23T07:28:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=119073"},"modified":"2019-03-23T08:28:15","modified_gmt":"2019-03-23T07:28:15","slug":"stara-sumava-o-bednarich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=119073","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O bedn\u00e1\u0159\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1doby, jako d\u0159ezy, koryta, v\u011bdra, d\u00ed\u017ee \u010dasem ch\u00e1traly a\u017e k nepot\u0159eb\u011b a tak na pozv\u00e1n\u00ed objevoval bedn\u00e1\u0159 se sv\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji. Bedn\u00e1\u0159i se i v m\u00edstn\u00edch pivovarech starali o v\u00fdrobu a \u00fadr\u017ebu spile\u010dn\u00fdch k\u00e1d\u00ed, le\u017e\u00e1ck\u00fdch sud\u016f, ale i men\u0161\u00ed transportn\u00edch soudk\u016f. <\/span><\/h6>\n

Tato \u0159emesln\u00e1 \u017eivnost m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 d\u011bjiny. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku, poprv\u00e9 v 8. stol. o be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159\u00edch zpr\u00e1va jest zachov\u00e1na. V\u00fdrobou d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1dob pro \u0161umavsk\u00fd lid se p\u016fvodn\u011b zab\u00fdvala dv\u011b \u0159emesla: bedn\u00e1\u0159i a be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159i. Be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159 hotovil objemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1doby z tvrd\u00e9ho dubov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva, kter\u00e9 pob\u00edjel \u017eelezn\u00fdmi obru\u010demi. Be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159i byli povinni d\u011blat v\u0161echny sudy dle p\u0159edepsan\u00e9 m\u00edry, kterou ur\u010dovala m\u011bstsk\u00e1 rada nebo vrchnost. <\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdrob\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho n\u00e1dob\u00ed z m\u011bkk\u00e9ho d\u0159eva se zase v\u011bnoval bedn\u00e1\u0159. Postupem doby ob\u011b \u0159emesla splynula pod jeden cech a v 19. stolet\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze bedn\u00e1\u0159i. [V roce 1859 bylo zru\u0161eno cechovn\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, cechovn\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dky pozbyly pr\u00e1vn\u00edho i praktick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu a \u0159emesln\u00e1 v\u00fdroba byla orientov\u00e1na na principy tr\u017en\u00ed ekonomiky.] <\/span><\/p>\n

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolika stolet\u00ed v\u0161echny pivovary, kter\u00e9 vznikaly na \u0160umav\u011b, zam\u011bstn\u00e1valy stovky bedn\u00e1\u0159\u016f, proto\u017ee jedin\u00e1 n\u00e1doba, ve kter\u00e9 pivo mohlo kvasit, mohlo zr\u00e1t, mohlo se transportovat do hospody, byla d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e1 n\u00e1doba. V\u00fdroba d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch sud\u016f pat\u0159ila v\u017edy k nejn\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u0159emesln\u00fdm prac\u00edm a byla jedn\u00edm z vrchol\u016f bedn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho mistrovstv\u00ed. Sud se nevyr\u00e1b\u00ed, ale stav\u00ed. Jako housle nebo kor\u00e1b. Ka\u017ed\u00fd pohyb byl vyzkou\u0161en u\u017e p\u0159ed mnoha stalet\u00edmi. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00fakon m\u00e1 sv\u016fj \u010das, sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto a k tomu pat\u0159\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly d\u00e1vn\u00fdch v\u011bk\u016f. <\/span><\/p>\n

Bratrem bedn\u00e1\u0159\u016f je ohe\u0148. Ohe\u0148 a voda. U\u017e d\u00e1vno si lid\u00e9 v\u0161imli, \u017ee horkem se d\u0159evo zm\u011bk\u010duje a lze ho opracov\u00e1vat jako ement\u00e1l. Dodnes vrouc\u00ed voda pom\u00e1h\u00e1 bedn\u00e1\u0159\u016fm formovat du\u017einy a d\u00e1vat sudu kone\u010dn\u00fd tvar. \u0158emeslo neznalo hranic. Pracovn\u00ed postupy byly stejn\u00e9 v \u010cech\u00e1ch i v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. To se t\u00fdkalo i bedn\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Sud za\u010d\u00edt stav\u011bt od tzv. kukny. V\u011bnce du\u017ein opracovan\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b podle \u0161ablony. Velikost budouc\u00edho sudu je d\u00e1na rozm\u011brem du\u017ein a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b velikost\u00ed obru\u010d\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

Pivovarsk\u00e9 transportn\u00ed sudy se uvnit\u0159 opat\u0159ovaly je\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1nosem bedn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 smoly. Ta byla jedn\u00edm z v\u00fdrobn\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed bedn\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Jak je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee pr\u00e1ce to nebyla jednoduch\u00e1 a n\u00e1stroj\u016f ke zd\u00e1rn\u00e9mu dokon\u010den\u00ed d\u00edla bylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed mnoho. Bedn\u00e1\u0159i v\u0161ak byly mist\u0159i sv\u00e9ho \u0159emesla a \u0159emesln\u00edci tvo\u0159iv\u00ed. V\u0161ak tak\u00e9 proto v\u0161echny jejich v\u00fdrobky m\u011bly v\u017edy vyp\u00e1lenou zna\u010dku. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0158emeslo \u010dasem usne jako star\u00fd strom. Ob\u010das ho je\u0161t\u011b potk\u00e1me, ale ani si nev\u0161imneme, \u017ee u\u017e vlastn\u011b neexistuje. Star\u00fd ohe\u0148 uhasne. Lid\u00e9 si ho p\u0159ed\u00e1vali stalet\u00ed, tak t\u0159eba jako v\u011bdomost o tom, \u017ee stromy na sudov\u00e9 du\u017einy je t\u0159eba k\u00e1cet v zim\u011b, kdy je d\u0159evo bez m\u00edzy. To v\u0161echno odejde, a star\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159e zahal\u00ed mlha. Co se stane, a\u017e odejde posledn\u00ed bedn\u00e1\u0159? A\u017e p\u0159estane von\u011bt d\u0159evo a sm\u016fla? A t\u00f3ny d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1dob definitivn\u011b nahrad\u00ed kovov\u00fd t\u0159esk. Asi nic. Jenom sv\u011bt bude chud\u0161\u00ed o jedno \u0159emeslo. O vzpom\u00ednku na svou minulost. A mo\u017en\u00e1 i o zd\u00e1nliv\u011b nepodstatn\u00e9 tajemstv\u00ed, jak se sud uzav\u00edr\u00e1 v\u00edkem. <\/span><\/p>\n

A jedna pov\u011bst. Na \u0160umav\u011b, nedaleko obce Stachy se traduje tato pov\u011bst: Jeden bedn\u00e1\u0159 nesl p\u0159ed V\u00e1nocemi n\u011bkomu necky a cestou byl p\u0159epaden sv\u011bt\u00fdlky. Mu\u017e se dal na \u00fat\u011bk, a kdy\u017e u\u017e nemohl d\u00e1l, lehl si na zem a p\u0159ikryl se neckami. Sv\u011bt\u00fdlka se vrhla na necky a zu\u0159iv\u011b po nich dupala. Za chv\u00edli p\u0159estala a naslouchala, zda bedn\u00e1\u0159 je\u0161t\u011b d\u00fdch\u00e1. Kdy\u017e zjistila, \u017ee ano, znovu se vrhla na necky. Vystra\u0161en\u00e9ho mu\u017ee napadlo, aby zatajil dech a d\u011blal mrtv\u00e9ho. Sv\u011bt\u00fdlka zmizela a k smrti u\u0161tvan\u00fd bedn\u00e1\u0159 se vr\u00e1til oklikami dom\u016f. R\u00e1no byly na m\u00edst\u011b, kde byl bedn\u00e1\u0159 p\u0159epaden, stopy jako od d\u011btsk\u00fdch chodidel. Kolem byl sn\u00edh udup\u00e1n, ale bylo z\u0159eteln\u011b vid\u011bt obrysy necek, jak le\u017eely na zemi. Jin\u00e1 varianta vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee doty\u010dn\u00fd tolik \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed nem\u011bl a pod neckami se udusil.<\/span><\/p>\n


\nZdroj: Historie pivovarnictv\u00ed, Historie \u0160umavy<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":155604,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/23\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-bedn\u00e1\u0159i.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119073"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=119073"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119073\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":155605,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119073\/revisions\/155605"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/155604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=119073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=119073"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=119073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}