{"id":118660,"date":"2019-01-06T22:47:15","date_gmt":"2019-01-06T21:47:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=118660"},"modified":"2019-01-06T22:47:15","modified_gmt":"2019-01-06T21:47:15","slug":"stara-sumava-provazy-a-provaznici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=118660","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Provazy a provazn\u00edci"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Vrchnostensk\u00e9 panstvo, aby o\u017eivilo \u0159emesln\u00e9 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed v kraj\u00edch \u0161umavsk\u00fdch, usidlovalo na sv\u00fdch panstv\u00edch hodin\u00e1\u0159e, no\u017e\u00ed\u0159e, sedl\u00e1\u0159e, provazn\u00edky apod., kte\u0159\u00ed tu chyb\u011bli a pomohli pozvednout kraj. <\/span><\/h6>\n

Z It\u00e1lie sem uvedlo p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159eny barv\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9, pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k v\u00fdrob\u011b barv\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9 \u010derven\u011b, kr\u00e1\u0161l\u00edc\u00ed pak vojensk\u00e9 kalhoty dragoun\u016f. Podporovalo se i p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dekanky (Wegwarte), z jej\u00edch\u017e ko\u0159en\u016f se pra\u017eila k\u00e1vov\u00e1 n\u00e1hra\u017eka zvan\u00e1 “cik\u00f3rie” (Zichorie), lidov\u011b cikorka, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148ovala i chud\u0161\u00edm vrstv\u00e1m opojen\u00ed hn\u011bd\u00fdm odvarem. <\/span><\/p>\n

Rostlinn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly se musely dlouho a pracn\u011b zpracov\u00e1vat. Cel\u00e9 rostliny lnu a konop\u00ed se po sklizni nejprve m\u00e1\u010dely. Vzpome\u0148me si na lidovou p\u00edsni\u010dku Andulka konop\u00ed mo\u010dila\u2026. Tak se stonky p\u0159ipravily na dal\u0161\u00ed proces – su\u0161en\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina vs\u00ed m\u011bla na sv\u00e9m okraji takzvanou pazdernu, staven\u00ed, kde se mohlo topit a rostliny ur\u010den\u00e9 k su\u0161en\u00ed se zav\u011b\u0161ovaly pod otev\u0159en\u00fdm krovem. \u010c\u00edm byly su\u0161\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm bylo v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed vzn\u00edcen\u00ed cel\u00e9 pazderny a nejednou se stalo, \u017ee vzala za sv\u00e9 nejen chatrn\u00e1 budova, ale tak\u00e9 cel\u00e1 \u00faroda lnu. Proto tak\u00e9 pazderny st\u00e1valy kousek za vs\u00ed, aby p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd po\u017e\u00e1r neohrozil ostatn\u00ed staven\u00ed. Jako by sv\u011bt zapomn\u011bl, \u017ee p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed konop\u00ed bylo vedle lnu a vlny jedn\u00edm ze t\u0159\u00ed zdroj\u016f ob\u017eivy obyvatel \u0160umavy. Konopn\u00e1 prost\u011bradla z toho nejkvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vl\u00e1kna, kter\u00e1 m\u011bly na\u0161e babi\u010dky do v\u00fdbavy na cel\u00fd \u017eivot, m\u011bkk\u00e9 a h\u0159ejiv\u00e9 konopn\u00e9 kalhotky ke kolen\u016fm \u010di konopn\u00e9 obvazy, kter\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u011b desinfikovaly i hlubok\u00e9 r\u00e1ny ji\u017e p\u0159ed tis\u00edci lety. <\/span><\/p>\n

Konopn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka st\u00e1rne s noblesou a stejn\u011b jako dobr\u00e9 v\u00edno l\u00e9ty neztr\u00e1c\u00ed na kr\u00e1se. Pr\u00e1v\u011b naopak – pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm a pran\u00edm se zjem\u0148uje a m\u011bkne. Velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed materi\u00e1lu spot\u0159ebovali provazn\u00edci pro sv\u00e9 \u0159emeslo. Zd\u00e1lo by se, \u017ee provaznictv\u00ed jako \u0159emeslo zanik\u00e1, ale nen\u00ed to tak \u00fapln\u011b pravda. Sp\u00ed\u0161 se prom\u011b\u0148uje, ostatn\u011b jako mnoho jin\u00fdch \u0159emesel. M\u011bn\u00ed se materi\u00e1ly a v\u00fdrobn\u00ed techniky. <\/span><\/p>\n

Provaznictv\u00ed je jedno z nejstar\u0161\u00edch \u0159emesel. Nen\u00ed divu, u\u017e v d\u00e1vn\u00e9 prehistorii byl provaz pro \u010dlov\u011bka z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Sv\u00e1zat si otep d\u0159eva, nat\u00e1hnout t\u011btivu na luk, tvo\u0159it pasti, udr\u017eet od\u011bv na m\u00edst\u011b. Ryb\u00e1\u0159i by se bez provazn\u00edk\u016f neobe\u0161li, z \u010deho by vyr\u00e1b\u011bli sv\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b? Po stalet\u00ed byli provazn\u00edci v ka\u017ed\u00e9m kraji p\u0159\u00edtomni v hojn\u00e9m po\u010dtu, i kdy\u017e zpravidla pat\u0159ili k chud\u0161\u00edm, podomn\u00edm \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eili z vyd\u011blan\u00fdch pen\u011bz sotva ze dne na den. Co\u017e m\u011b dost p\u0159ekvapuje, proto\u017ee bez jejich umu by se skoro nikdo neobe\u0161el. <\/span><\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd kraj m\u011bl je\u0161t\u011b v 19. stol. sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed provaznick\u00e9 tradice a specializace. V kraj\u00edch, kde se hlavn\u011b hospoda\u0159ilo na pol\u00edch, provazn\u00edci vyr\u00e1b\u011bli provazy pro roln\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed \u010dasto sami p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli vlastn\u00ed sklizen\u00fd len k provazn\u00edkovi, aby z nich umotal nov\u00e9 provazy. Na severu \u010cech se d\u011blala sp\u00ed\u0161e pevn\u00e1 lana a ve m\u011bstech prov\u00e1zky a lanka pro dom\u00e1cnosti a tak\u00e9, o n\u011bco pozd\u011bji, pro voln\u00fd \u010das. <\/span><\/p>\n

Provaznick\u00e9mu \u0159emeslu se zejm\u00e9na na venkov\u011b v\u011bnoval i kdekter\u00fd sedl\u00e1k, kter\u00fd si pro svoji pot\u0159ebu st\u00e1\u010del provazy s\u00e1m. Mnoho provazn\u00edk\u016f nem\u011blo ani d\u00edlnu, proto sv\u00e9 \u0159emeslo provozovali v\u0161ude tam, kde byly chr\u00e1n\u011bni p\u0159ed nep\u0159\u00edzn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed. V zim\u011b to byly obytn\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti, v l\u00e9t\u011b pak p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161ky, stodoly, pop\u0159. za p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch podm\u00ednek i modr\u00e9 nebe. Zejm\u00e9na vandrovn\u00ed provazn\u00edci vytv\u00e1\u0159eli sv\u00e9 d\u00edlo p\u0159\u00edmo u z\u00e1kazn\u00edka na dvo\u0159e, kde obvykle za sv\u00e9 d\u00edlo dost\u00e1val natur\u00e1ln\u00ed odm\u011bnu v podob\u011b j\u00eddla a materi\u00e1l, jeho\u017e z\u00e1soby jim umo\u017e\u0148ovaly tk\u00e1t i p\u0159es zimu. Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed si nosili obvykle na z\u00e1dech, nebo si jej vezli ve voz\u00edku. <\/span><\/p>\n

Mal\u00e9 provazn\u00edky vytla\u010dily v devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed tov\u00e1rny. Provazy se ale staly i dopl\u0148kovou v\u00fdrobou v p\u0159\u00e1deln\u00e1ch textiln\u00edch tov\u00e1ren a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch. Tov\u00e1rn\u00edci nakupovali materi\u00e1l ve velk\u00e9m a tedy mnohem levn\u011bji a s nov\u011b po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdmi v\u00fdkonn\u00fdmi sp\u0159\u00e1dac\u00edmi stroji tak zatla\u010dili klasick\u00e9 provaznictv\u00ed do \u00fastran\u00ed. P\u016fvodn\u011b se provazy d\u011blaly ze lnu. Teprve pozd\u011bji p\u0159i\u0161lo konop\u00ed s del\u0161\u00edm vl\u00e1knem, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje vyrobit pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed provazy, a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1ly jako juta, koz\u00ed a velbloud\u00ed srst, bavlna, kokos, africk\u00fd sisal, kter\u00fd se obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 hodil na n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed lana, proto\u017ee odol\u00e1v\u00e1 vod\u011b. Provazn\u00edci pot\u0159ebovali hodn\u011b dlouh\u00e9 d\u00edlny. Aby vyrobili dvacetimetrov\u00fd provaz, museli m\u00edt t\u0159icetimetrovou m\u00edstnost, co\u017e m\u011bl m\u00e1lokdo. Provazn\u00edk tedy musel st\u00e1\u010den\u00e9 prameny vyt\u00e1hnout t\u0159eba a\u017e na dv\u016fr \u010di zahradu, a kdy\u017e ani to nesta\u010dilo, pracoval na ulici p\u0159ed d\u00edlnou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zdroj: \u0158emesla<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vrchnostensk\u00e9 panstvo, <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":149586,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/05\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-provazy.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118660"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=118660"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118660\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":149585,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118660\/revisions\/149585"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/149586"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=118660"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=118660"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=118660"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}