{"id":118572,"date":"2018-09-17T14:27:40","date_gmt":"2018-09-17T13:27:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=118572"},"modified":"2018-09-17T14:27:40","modified_gmt":"2018-09-17T13:27:40","slug":"stara-sumava-cihari-a-ptacnici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=118572","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: \u010ciha\u0159i a pt\u00e1\u010dn\u00edci"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u010clov\u011bk sed\u00ed p\u0159i s\u00edt\u00edch, docela tichounce, douf\u00e1 a \u010dek\u00e1, jen co mil\u00fd B\u016fh r\u00e1\u010d\u00ed d\u00e1ti. To si pak p\u0159isvoj\u00ed a u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ke chv\u00e1le Bo\u017e\u00ed a k u\u017eitku sv\u00e9mu. \u010ciha\u0159stv\u00ed \u2013 jemn\u00e9, l\u00edbezn\u00e9 a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/em>
\nJohann Colerus, 1612<\/h6>\n

U\u017e nejsou \u010dihadla, p\u0159ed kter\u00fdmi by poskakovali volav\u00ed pt\u00e1ci a sv\u00fdm hlasem l\u00e1kali hejna ta\u017en\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f. Od nepam\u011bti, v\u017edycky kdy\u017e do kraje p\u0159i\u0161ly slunn\u00e9 chladn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edjnov\u00e9 dny, p\u0159el\u00e9t\u00e1valo nad \u00fadol\u00edm jedno hejno pt\u00e1k\u016f za druh\u00fdm, na sv\u00e9 dlouh\u00e9 pouti ze severu Evropy za ji\u017en\u00edm sluncem. Sta\u010d\u00ed jen zav\u0159\u00edt o\u010di a rann\u00ed mlha se rozpou\u0161t\u00ed po jasn\u00e9 chladn\u00e9 noci. Stromy jsou nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bji zbarveny, je\u0159abiny z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, javorov\u00e9 list\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00ed a buk kraluje podzimu. Slunce stoup\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161e po pr\u016fzra\u010dn\u00e9m nebi a dosud m\u00e1 s\u00edlu zahnat dech bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se zimy. N\u00edzko nad vrchy let\u00ed n\u011bkolik pt\u00e1k\u016f, p\u0159i letu se jemn\u011b svol\u00e1vaj\u00ed a brzy miz\u00ed nad obzorem.<\/p>\n

Podle Ottova slovn\u00edku nau\u010dn\u00e9ho (1892) se slovem \u010di\u017eba rozum\u00ed: “\u010diha\u0159stv\u00ed, lap\u00e1n\u00ed ptactva rozmanit\u00fdm n\u00e1\u010din\u00edm. V \u010cech\u00e1ch byla p\u0159ed \u010dasy (hlavn\u011b ve st\u0159edov\u011bku) velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena a obl\u00edbena. Roku 1575 stala se d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 usnesen\u00ed na sn\u011bmu \u010desk\u00e9m, kter\u00fdmi zak\u00e1z\u00e1no lapati ptactvo \u010di\u017eebn\u00ed od masopustu a\u017e do sv. V\u00edta, krom\u011b k\u0159ivonosek a sk\u0159ivan\u016fv…<\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed se provozuje velmi m\u00e1lo, ba skoro nic hlavn\u011b proto, \u017ee jest lap\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u011bvn\u00e9ho ptactva z\u00e1konem zak\u00e1z\u00e1no.” Lovem drobn\u00e9ho ptactva se v oblastech \u0160umavy zab\u00fdvali p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm chud\u00e9 vrstvy obyvatelstva, pro kter\u00e9 to nebyl nijak jist\u00fd zp\u016fsob ob\u017eivy. Venkovsk\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk v\u011bnoval d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017enou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota starostem o svoji ob\u017eivu. V honb\u011b za potravou nepohrdl ni\u010d\u00edm, co mu nab\u00edzela p\u0159\u00edroda, tedy ani mal\u00fdm ptactvem. K jeho p\u0159elst\u011bn\u00ed a uloven\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edval v\u0161ech dostupn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f – s\u00edt\u00ed, ok, lepu, past\u00ed a jin\u00fdch pt\u00e1\u010dnick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. \u010cerven\u00e9 je\u0159abiny, jalovec, hloh, \u0161\u00edpky, jmel\u00ed a neo\u010desan\u00e1 jabl\u00ed\u010dka zvou k n\u00e1m ka\u017edou zimu ke kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 hostin\u011b po\u010detn\u00e1 hejna drozd\u016f kv\u00ed\u010dal.<\/p>\n

Od podzimu do jara m\u016f\u017eeme spat\u0159it hejna kv\u00ed\u010dal p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v alej\u00edch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f u silnic, stejn\u011b tak nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed sady, v nich\u017e z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 na zemi spadl\u00e9 ovoce. D\u0159\u00edve byly obl\u00edbenou kv\u00ed\u010dal\u00ed potravou kuli\u010dky jalovce, po nich\u017e m\u00e1 kv\u00ed\u010dala nejen jm\u00e9no v n\u011bkter\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch, ale jej\u00ed maso z nich z\u00edsk\u00e1valo v\u00fdraznou chu\u0165. Chyt\u00e1ni byli pt\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed sem p\u0159il\u00e9tali z nejsevern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Evropy a v na\u0161ich zem\u00edch t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nehn\u00edzd\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jikavci, \u010de\u010detky, brkoslavov\u00e9, kv\u00ed\u010daly, cvr\u010daly a seversk\u00e9 populace h\u00fdl\u016f, \u010d\u00ed\u017ek\u016f, stehl\u00edk\u016f, k\u0159ivek a dal\u0161\u00edch semeno\u017erav\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina zcela prozaicky skon\u010dila na stole \u010di\u017eba\u0159\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed druhy (hlavn\u011b kv\u00ed\u010daly) byly op\u00e9k\u00e1ny. Men\u0161\u00ed se jedly va\u0159en\u00e9, du\u0161en\u00e9, zad\u011bl\u00e1van\u00e9 v j\u00ed\u0161e nebo zap\u00e9kan\u00e9 v pa\u0161tik\u00e1ch. Po\u017e\u00edvaly se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i s kosti\u010dkami.<\/p>\n

V roce 1870 vy\u0161el prvn\u00ed zemsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon na ochranu ptactva, kter\u00fd \u010di\u017ebu zakazoval a loven\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f na j\u00eddlo se m\u011blo p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b trestat. Z\u00e1kon je z\u00e1kon, ale lesy byly hlubok\u00e9 a \u010detn\u00edci daleko. Milovn\u00edky pt\u00e1k\u016f a v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00fdmi \u010diha\u0159i byli pr\u00fd odjak\u017eiva p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci skl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u0159emesla. V jejich lesn\u00edch samot\u00e1ch jim zp\u011bvn\u00ed pt\u00e1ci poskytovali nejen milou spole\u010dnost, ale pro lidi z lesa, jimi\u017e bezpochyby byli, p\u0159edstavovalo \u010diha\u0159stv\u00ed dovolen\u00fd zp\u016fsob drobn\u00e9ho lovu zv\u011b\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Samostatn\u00fd loveck\u00fd princip se starod\u00e1vnou tradic\u00ed p\u0159edstavoval lov ptactva na lep. Oded\u00e1vna tvo\u0159ily z\u00e1klad pro v\u00fdrobu pta\u010d\u00edho lepu bobule jmel\u00ed, kter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed lepkav\u00e9 dokonce i po pr\u016fchodu tr\u00e1v\u00edc\u00edm traktem pt\u00e1k\u016f. Samotn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba lepu byla obest\u0159ena v\u017edy tajemstv\u00edm, obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b od dob, kdy byl lep zak\u00e1z\u00e1n. Proto nen\u00ed nikde jeho p\u0159esn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba pops\u00e1na. Podle \u00fastn\u00edho pod\u00e1n\u00ed se musely bobule jmel\u00ed spa\u0159it vodou, aby se uvolnily slupky a pot\u00e9 se ru\u010dn\u011b du\u017eina propracovala p\u0159es s\u00edto, aby se odstranila semena. K hotov\u00e9mu lepu se p\u0159id\u00e1val ln\u011bn\u00fd olej, aby lep nezamrzal a udr\u017eel si lepkavost i pod bodem mrazu.<\/p>\n

Kv\u00ed\u010daly se n\u011bkde chytaly na lep, co\u017e ov\u0161em vy\u017eadovalo p\u0159\u00edtomnost lovce nebo do \u0161pruhl\u00ed. Byly to d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 r\u00e1me\u010dky nebo jen ohnut\u00e9 v\u011btve se t\u0159emi \u017e\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdmi o\u010dky. Ty se rozv\u011b\u0161ovaly spole\u010dn\u011b s je\u0159abinami a kv\u00ed\u010daly se p\u0159i tro\u0161e \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed chytila sama. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lovci kv\u00ed\u010daly tak\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edleli, ale to nebylo v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, \u017ee se zbytek hejna popla\u0161il. K tomuto lovu se pou\u017e\u00edvaly broky \u010d.14 nebo dom\u00e1c\u00ed broky lit\u00e9 p\u0159es b\u0159ezov\u00e9 ko\u0161t\u011b. Sta\u0159\u00ed pt\u00e1\u010dn\u00edci \u010dasto sv\u00fdmi v\u011bdomostmi zahanbovali u\u010den\u00e9 badatele. \u010cihadlo bylo tou vysokou \u0161kolou, kter\u00e1 je vychovala. Byli schopni rozum\u011bt \u0159e\u010di p\u0159\u00edrody i s jej\u00edmi vlastn\u00edmi tajemstv\u00edmi a divy, skrze p\u0159\u00edrodu pozn\u00e1vali samotn\u00e9ho P\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

\u010ciha\u0159i b\u00fdvali mil\u00ed a d\u016fv\u011b\u0159iv\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed ani\u017e se o to sna\u017eili, se s ka\u017ed\u00fdm sp\u0159\u00e1telili a nalezli to prav\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 slovo. Tomu se nau\u010dili na \u010dihadle a tak\u00e9 tam se na kousku lesa s d\u0159ev\u011bnou boudou stali t\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm byli.V 50. letech dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed se s \u010diha\u0159stv\u00edm pomalu kon\u010dilo. Sta\u0159\u00ed pt\u00e1\u010dn\u00edci vym\u00edrali, nebo se pro pokro\u010dil\u00fd v\u011bk ji\u017e tomuto um\u011bn\u00ed nev\u011bnovali.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Zden\u011bk Stodola<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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