{"id":118128,"date":"2022-12-25T20:52:33","date_gmt":"2022-12-25T19:52:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=118128"},"modified":"2022-12-25T20:52:33","modified_gmt":"2022-12-25T19:52:33","slug":"stara-sumava-koleda-vanocni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=118128","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Koleda v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Sv\u011bt na sebe vzal po roce b\u00edlou pe\u0159inu a ka\u017ed\u00fd za\u010dal v\u011b\u0159it v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm poh\u00e1dk\u00e1m. V\u00e1noce! Stavidla lidsk\u00fdch emoc\u00ed se na kr\u00e1tk\u00fd \u010das zvednou a v roce aspo\u0148 jednou obna\u017e\u00ed na\u0161i du\u0161i\u2026 <\/span><\/h6>\n

To je sv\u00e1tek znovuzrozen\u00ed, sv\u00e1tek \u017eivota a radosti, sv\u00e1tek v\u00edry v nov\u00fd a n\u00e1dhern\u00fd den. Tu se otev\u00edraj\u00ed srdce a za\u017e\u00edh\u00e1 se sv\u011btlo v nitru a \u010dlov\u011bk je bl\u00ed\u017e \u010dlov\u011bku, du\u0161e du\u0161i. Nen\u00ed nijakou n\u00e1hodou, \u017ee je n\u00e1m v tomto okam\u017eiku nejhlub\u0161\u00edho pohnut\u00ed nejbl\u00ed\u017ee lidov\u00e1 p\u00edse\u0148. Pro\u010d v\u0161ak, m\u016f\u017ee se te\u010f n\u011bkdo a nejeden zeptat, pro\u010d je v n\u00e1s ta lidov\u00e1 p\u00edse\u0148 tak hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bna? – To pon\u011bvad\u017e je v n\u00ed kus n\u00e1s sam\u00fdch! Pon\u011bvad\u017e jsme to my, kdo v n\u00ed \u017eijeme, kdo v n\u00ed mysl\u00edme a c\u00edt\u00edme, my v\u0161ichni, kdo se naz\u00fdv\u00e1me d\u011btmi tohoto sv\u011bta. <\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e1noce jsou oslavou narozen\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ka a jako na ka\u017ed\u00e9 oslav\u011b, i o V\u00e1noc\u00edch se hraje a zp\u00edv\u00e1. Koledy, tedy v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b, zn\u00e1 naprosto ka\u017ed\u00fd a alespo\u0148 jednu tak\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fd zap\u011bje, popisuj\u00ed nejen narozen\u00ed Jezul\u00e1tka, ale tak\u00e9 v\u0161edn\u00ed \u017eivot. Jak ale takov\u00e9 koledy vznikly a pro\u010d? Slovo koleda p\u0159evzali Slovan\u00e9 z latinsk\u00e9ho Calendae, tedy prvn\u00ed den v m\u011bs\u00edci. Kalenda p\u016fvodn\u011b znamenala den, kdy pohan\u00e9 oslavovali slunovrat, ale tak\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fd prvn\u00ed den v m\u011bs\u00edci, kdy k\u0159es\u0165an\u0161t\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed chodili po dom\u00e1cnostech a sm\u011b\u0148ovali k\u0159est \u010di po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed za dary. Z kalendy pozd\u011bji vznikla kolenda, z t\u00e9to potom ji\u017e zn\u00e1m\u00e1 koleda. A jeliko\u017e se p\u0159i oslav\u00e1ch slunovratu i p\u0159i kn\u011b\u017esk\u00e9m obch\u00e1zen\u00ed dom\u016f hojn\u011b zp\u00edvalo, za\u010dalo se t\u011bmto p\u00edsn\u00edm \u0159\u00edkat stejn\u011b. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1znamy o v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed hudb\u011b, v takzvan\u00fdch Mari\u00e1nsk\u00fdch chv\u00e1l\u00e1ch, poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z 11. a\u017e 12. stolet\u00ed a najdeme je v rukopisu z knihovny metropolitn\u00ed kapituly pra\u017esk\u00e9. <\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed koledy p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed svou historii od 13. stolet\u00ed. Tehdy je\u0161t\u011b ne\u0161lo o \u010dist\u011b v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed koledy, ale b\u00fdvaly zp\u00edv\u00e1ny p\u00edsn\u011b s k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdmi n\u00e1m\u011bty. Ve 14. stolet\u00ed si ji\u017e gotika vy\u017e\u00e1dala p\u00edsn\u011b s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi motivy a u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti V\u00e1noc byl zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1n Advent. Op\u011bvov\u00e1na v t\u011bchto p\u00edsn\u00ed byla sl\u00e1va Panny Marie a jej\u00edho neposkvrn\u011bn\u00e9ho po\u010det\u00ed. Oslavn\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b z\u00edskaly pouze v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed charakter a tak vznikla koleda, jak ji zn\u00e1me dnes. V 15. stolet\u00ed, v obdob\u00ed husitsk\u00e9m, se za\u010dal na \u00fakor latiny up\u0159ednost\u0148ovat \u010desk\u00fd jazyk a v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b byly prvn\u00edmi p\u00edsn\u011bmi v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b. <\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00edm, \u017ee se mezi prost\u00fdmi lidmi mluvilo \u010desky, padla jazykov\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra a obyvatelstvo \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed se p\u0159i\u010dinilo o to, aby se koledy za\u010daly zp\u00edvat i v t\u011bch nejzaz\u0161\u00edch koutech \u010cech a Moravy. Z tohoto obdob\u00ed poch\u00e1z\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b Stala se jest v\u011bc divn\u00e1, Panna syna porodila, beze v\u0161\u00ed strasti t\u011blesn\u00e9 (jej\u00ed\u017e z\u00e1pis je v Kodexu vy\u0161ehradsk\u00e9m), Narodil se Emanuel (zaps\u00e1na v rukopisu Mikul\u00e1\u0161e Kozla z roku 1417), Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 n\u00e1\u0161 spasitel a mnoho jin\u00fdch. V \u010cech\u00e1ch se koledovalo cel\u00fd prosinec i leden, koledn\u00edci si obl\u00e9kli slavnostn\u00ed \u0161aty, jezdili na kon\u00edch a vozech a nosili s sebou figur\u00ednu biskupa. <\/span><\/p>\n

Podle legendy je autorem prvn\u00ed koledy Franti\u0161ek z Assisi \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed na p\u0159elomu 12. a 13. stolet\u00ed, prvn\u00ed dochovan\u00e1 p\u00edsemn\u00e1 zm\u00ednka o v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch zp\u011bvech neboli koled\u00e1ch je ale a\u017e v 15. stolet\u00ed, \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily je potuln\u00ed um\u011blci, hr\u00e1ly se na trz\u00edch, v hostinc\u00edch, po chalup\u00e1ch, ale i v kl\u00e1\u0161terech a v domech bohat\u00fdch m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016f a \u0161lechtic\u016f, byly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch her. <\/span><\/p>\n

V \u010cech\u00e1ch je za prvn\u00ed koledu pova\u017eov\u00e1n Vele, vele, stoj\u00ed dubec uprost\u0159ed dvora, je\u017e byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed spisu \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd ve\u010der. Sepsal jej mnich Jan z Hole\u0161ova a byl to v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed spis zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edmi zvyky a oby\u010deji, mimo jin\u00e9 tak\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b koledov\u00e1n\u00edm a v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edmi p\u00edsn\u011bmi. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b vznikla p\u00edse\u0148 Narodil se Kristus P\u00e1n, kterou ve v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm \u010dase m\u016f\u017eeme sly\u0161et prakticky v\u0161ude. Je to jeden z prastar\u00fdch zvyk\u016f, kter\u00fd jsme p\u0159ebrali od sv\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f. P\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed se z pokolen\u00ed na pokolen\u00ed a nikoho nenapadne na nich n\u011bco m\u011bnit. <\/span><\/p>\n

Koledy byly a jsou jednou z nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch kratochv\u00edl\u00ed. Do pozdn\u011b barokn\u00edho obdob\u00ed se datuje vznik \u010desk\u00fdch pastorel – skladeb pro s\u00f3la a sbor s doprovodem n\u00e1stroj\u016f. Neobe\u0161ly se bez nich \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed m\u0161e. Vych\u00e1zely v\u011bt\u0161inou z per \u010desk\u00fdch kantor\u016f a byly jakousi hudebn\u00ed \u0161kolou pro tehdej\u0161\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ky. Dodnes se zp\u00edv\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad pastorela Ond\u0159eje Poddan\u00e9ho z Ro\u017emit\u00e1lu Sem, sem past\u00fd\u0159i nebo v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed ukol\u00e9bavka Josefa Antona Sehlinga P\u0159eju tob\u011b dobrou noc.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\nZdroj: <\/strong>ALE\u0160 BR\u00c1ZA KO\u0158ENY V\u00c1NO\u010cN\u00cd DUCHOVN\u00cd HUDBY<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Sv\u011bt <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":270104,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/25\/r\u00e1m-koleda.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118128"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=118128"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":270103,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118128\/revisions\/270103"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/270104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=118128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=118128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=118128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}