{"id":118050,"date":"2022-12-22T10:48:37","date_gmt":"2022-12-22T09:48:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=118050"},"modified":"2022-12-23T22:49:12","modified_gmt":"2022-12-23T21:49:12","slug":"stara-sumava-o-vanocnim-kaprovani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=118050","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm kaprov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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A\u017e budete st\u00e1t na hr\u00e1zi prastar\u00e9ho rybn\u00edka velik\u00e1na a d\u00edvat se do d\u00e1lky na p\u016flmetrov\u00e9 vlny, jak tan\u010d\u00ed od b\u0159ehu ke b\u0159ehu, na hladin\u011b vn\u00edmat \u0161irok\u00e9 obl\u00e9 boky matky Zem\u011b, mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e1s um\u011bn\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u00e1\u0159\u016f vezme za srdce. \u2026 a tam, kde rann\u00ed mlha hlad\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159e vodn\u00ed hladiny, je sly\u0161et kap\u0159\u00ed sm\u00edch \u2026 \u2026 do \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9ho dne u\u017e mnoho dn\u016f nezb\u00fdv\u00e1.<\/h6>\n

V k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici se tak\u00e9 objevuje symbol ryby, kter\u00fd tu ale nem\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00ednat kapra na \u0160t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00edm stole, ale je jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch symbol\u016f Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista. Pro k\u0159es\u0165any symbolizovala ryba chudobu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista.<\/p>\n

Statis\u00edce losos\u016f v minulosti br\u00e1zdily \u010desk\u00e9 \u0159eky a chytali je chud\u00ed, aby se nasytili. To kapr, ten byl v jin\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b, v t\u00e9 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Proto tak\u00e9 pat\u0159il k nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00edm ryb\u00e1m. Zat\u00edmco si v sou\u010dasnosti u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me ryby zejm\u00e9na na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den, v minulosti pat\u0159ila ryba k postn\u00edm j\u00eddl\u016fm. A proto\u017ee postn\u00edch dn\u016f bylo s rozvojem k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed i sto \u010dty\u0159icet v roce, jedlo se jich opravdu velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee d\u0159\u00edve se jedla postn\u00ed j\u00eddla ze zeleniny, mouky a ryb prakticky cel\u00fd prosinec, tedy a\u017e do 23. dne v m\u011bs\u00edci, na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den se ale kapr obvykle nejedl. Dnes je vlastn\u011b situace zcela opa\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

V \u010cech\u00e1ch byl kapr dlouho nezn\u00e1mou rybou. Prvn\u00ed kap\u0159i k n\u00e1m dorazili a\u017e s p\u0159\u00edchodem mni\u0161sk\u00fdch \u0159\u00e1d\u016f v 11. stolet\u00ed. Cisterci\u00e1\u010dt\u00ed mni\u0161i um\u011bli stav\u011bt vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee a rybn\u00edky. Od sv\u00fdch \u0159\u00e1dov\u00fdch bratr\u016f z bavorsk\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161ter\u016f dostali n\u00e1sadu i cenn\u00e9 rady pro chov. Ryb\u00ed maso bylo toti\u017e to jedin\u00e9, kter\u00e9 mohli mni\u0161i j\u00edst ve dnech n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho p\u016fstu. Sou\u010dasn\u011b byl jeho chov, krom\u011b zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, pro kl\u00e1\u0161tery v\u00fdnosnou \u010dinnost\u00ed. Ryby z pansk\u00fdch, m\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00fdch, farn\u00edch, cechovn\u00edch a selsk\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u016f se prod\u00e1valy na trz\u00edch \u201ena d\u017ebery\u201c.<\/p>\n

Ryby byly na j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku \u010dast\u011bji, ne\u017e n\u011bkter\u00fdm bylo mil\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010dele\u010f vy\u0161ehradsk\u00e9 kapituly si v \u010deledn\u00ed smlouv\u011b vym\u00ednila, \u017ee ryby nebude dost\u00e1vat v\u00edc jak t\u0159ikr\u00e1t t\u00fddn\u011b. V 17. stolet\u00ed v\u0161ak p\u0159estaly b\u00fdt ryby b\u011b\u017enou potravou chud\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Vrchnost na sebe p\u0159evedla v\u0161echna pr\u00e1va rybolovu a pytl\u00e1ctv\u00ed se tvrd\u011b trestalo. N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 historick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti v podob\u011b t\u0159icetilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, ru\u0161en\u00ed kl\u00e1\u0161ter\u016f Josefem II. a Napoleonova ta\u017een\u00ed vyvolaly postupn\u00fd \u00fapadek rybn\u00edk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Poj\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed ryb o v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00e1tc\u00edch je dolo\u017eeno v 17. stolet\u00ed, ale prost\u00fd lid tento zvyk moc nedodr\u017eoval.<\/p>\n

Teprve v 19. stolet\u00ed se v m\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed prosadil kapr obecn\u00fd jako j\u00eddlo, kter\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed k t\u011bmto sv\u00e1tk\u016fm. Mezi venkovany a ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi vrstvami obyvatelstva se tento zvyk roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il a\u017e po Prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Snad jen v kraj\u00edch, kde bylo dostatek rybn\u00edk\u016f, objevovala se na sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm stole ryb\u00ed pol\u00e9vka s jikrami nebo pe\u010den\u00e1 \u010di sma\u017een\u00e1 ryba. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se pod\u00e1val v \u00faprav\u00e1ch na modro (va\u0159en\u00fd ve z\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9m oct\u011b nebo b\u00edl\u00e9m v\u00edn\u011b s ko\u0159enovou zeleninou) \u010di na \u010derno (ve sladk\u00e9 om\u00e1\u010dce z povidel a pern\u00edku), a\u017e po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce z\u00edskal nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed oblibu kapr sma\u017een\u00fd, a\u010dkoli samotn\u00fd recept na sma\u017een\u00e9ho kapra poch\u00e1z\u00ed ji\u017e z 19. stolet\u00ed. D\u016fvodem byla finan\u010dn\u00ed dostupnost kapra z velkochov\u016f i dobov\u00e1 popularita sma\u017een\u00fdch j\u00eddel.<\/p>\n

Recept na sma\u017een\u00e9ho kapra uv\u00e1d\u00ed ji\u017e Magdalena Dobromila Rettigov\u00e1, v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch uchytil tento zp\u016fsob kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy kapra, kter\u00fd se sem dostal z Rakouska a od t\u011bch dob se prakticky nezm\u011bnil. Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm j\u00eddlem z kapra je kapr na \u010derno, co\u017e je va\u0159en\u00fd kapr v hust\u00e9 sladkokysel\u00e9 om\u00e1\u010dce, obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed su\u0161en\u00e9 \u0161vestky, mandle, rozinky, mrkev, celer, smetanu, strouhan\u00fd pern\u00edk a \u010dern\u00e9 pivo. Pod\u00e1v\u00e1 se s knedl\u00edkem nebo s chlebem. Tento recept m\u00e1 velmi starou tradici a jeho obdobu uv\u00e1d\u00ed ji\u017e Bavor Rodovsk\u00fd z Husti\u0159an ve sv\u00e9 kucha\u0159sk\u00e9 knize z 16. stolet\u00ed. Zachovan\u00e9 st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 kucha\u0159sk\u00e9 recepty dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee ryby s kaprem v \u010dele se p\u0159ipravovaly sp\u00ed\u0161e na sladkokyselo a von\u011bly tak\u00e9 pern\u00edkem a medem. Receptury uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u201epades\u00e1ter\u00fd zp\u016fsob krm\u00ed ryb\u00edch\u201c, nap\u0159\u00edklad rybu \u201eodpe\u010denou v predl\u00edku, obtu\u017eenou v \u017elut\u00e9 j\u00ed\u0161e, mandlovou v \u010dern\u00e9m ko\u0159en\u00ed, s m\u00e1slem, se slaninou, \u0161tokfi\u0161ov\u00e9 chuti, s cibul\u00ed, k\u0159enem nebo \u010desnekem\u201c.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Alena Strosserov\u00e1<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  A\u017e <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":269995,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/22\/r\u00e1m-o-kaprov\u00e1n\u00ed.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118050"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=118050"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118050\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":269994,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118050\/revisions\/269994"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/269995"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=118050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=118050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=118050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}