{"id":117815,"date":"2022-12-17T11:11:18","date_gmt":"2022-12-17T10:11:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=117815"},"modified":"2022-12-19T21:14:52","modified_gmt":"2022-12-19T20:14:52","slug":"stara-sumava-nastava-cas-jmeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=117815","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Nast\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010das jmel\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
Jmel\u00ed v korun\u00e1ch strom\u016f n\u00e1s okouzluje, je to n\u011bco jako dopln\u011bk t\u00e9 kr\u00e1sy strom\u016f, n\u011bco jako sponka ve vlasech kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 d\u00edvky… Je to slovo kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 a k\u0159ehk\u00e9, slovo jako p\u00e1smo zdrobn\u011blin \u2013 nelze ho opsat bez nich.<\/h6>\n

L\u00edstky jmel\u00ed jsou kap\u0159\u00ed ploutvi\u010dky na tenk\u00fdch stopk\u00e1ch, skl\u00e1\u0159i je zbarvili zelen\u00ed, kterou pro n\u011b z list\u016f sest\u0159el podzim, a prosytili cinkotem \u2013 v\u017edy\u0165 na konci sl\u016fvka jmel\u00ed zn\u00ed jako zbloudil\u00e1 ozv\u011bna vysok\u00fdch hl\u00e1sek rozhoupan\u00e9ho zvonku. Jmel\u00ed je tak\u00e9 z\u0161e\u0159el\u00e1 m\u00edstnost, stisknut\u00e9 dlan\u011b a polibek pod tmavou z\u00e1rubn\u00ed dve\u0159\u00ed. Jmel\u00ed je i v\u011bta vytr\u017een\u00e1 z koruny Seifertova stromu: \u201e..a krou\u017eek na tv\u00e9m prst\u011b je zlat\u00e1 stu\u017eka, j\u00ed\u017e se v\u00e1\u017ee jmel\u00ed k\u0159ehk\u00fdch ratolest\u00ed, abychom nepoztr\u00e1celi sv\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.” Jmel\u00ed je pnut\u00ed v prsou. Sev\u0159en\u00fd hlas. Odlesk n\u011bhy a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"K sv\u00e1tk\u016fm bychom m\u011bli<\/em>
\n vz\u00edt z lesa trochu jmel\u00ed.<\/em>
\n Ve vr\u0161c\u00edch strom\u016f se k nebi vzp\u00edn\u00e1,<\/em>
\n nut\u00ed slunce, a\u0165 neus\u00edn\u00e1.<\/em>
\n A podivuhodn\u00e9 m\u00e1 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy \u2013<\/em>
\n lec\u010d\u00edms um\u00ed prosp\u011bt zdrav\u00ed.<\/em><\/h6>\n
A\u017e zlat\u011b zn\u00e1 se skv\u011bt,<\/em>
\n by\u0165 v\u0161ude sn\u00edh a led,<\/em>
\n k jeho plod\u016fm se vrac\u00ed<\/em>
\n tam do korun strom\u016f pt\u00e1ci.<\/em>
\n O V\u00e1noc\u00edch zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 se divy d\u011bj\u00ed<\/em>
\n a jmel\u00ed skv\u00ed se po nad\u011bji.<\/em><\/h6>\n

Symbolem na\u0161eho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu je sn\u00edtka jmel\u00ed. M\u00e1lokdo v\u0161ak v\u00ed, \u017ee prav\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed p\u0159inese pouze zelen\u00e9 jmel\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dostaneme zdarma. \u0160t\u011bst\u00ed si toti\u017e nelze koupit. Jmel\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvali lid\u00e9 p\u0159i ob\u0159adech, magii i l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed od nejstar\u0161\u00edch dob. Podle Plinia jmel\u00ed sb\u00edrali Galov\u00e9 v noci p\u0159ed \u00fapl\u0148kem na po\u010d\u00e1tku roku, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipadal na n\u00e1\u0161 listopad. Kn\u011bz nejprve p\u0159ivedl ke stromu se jmel\u00edm dva za nohy sv\u00e1zan\u00e9 b\u00fdky. Ty ob\u011btoval a jmel\u00ed odsekl zlat\u00fdm srpem.<\/p>\n

Ve starov\u011bku se jmel\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvalo jako protijed, proti u\u0159knut\u00ed a uhranut\u00ed duchy z podsv\u011bt\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 jako l\u00e9k na \u017eenskou neplodnost. Ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m \u0158\u00edm\u011b se jmel\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvalo p\u0159i Saturn\u00e1li\u00edch. V k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici je n\u011bkdy l\u00e9\u010div\u00e1 moc jmel\u00ed p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1na k moci Kristauzdravovat nemocn\u00e9. Jmel\u00ed je od nepam\u011bti symbolem \u017eivota a ochrann\u00fdm talismanem. Lid\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee jmel\u00ed udr\u017euje svazky mezi lidmi, proto\u017ee i bobule jmel\u00ed pevn\u011b lep\u00ed k sob\u011b. Dodnes zav\u011b\u0161ujeme jmel\u00ed na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den na dve\u0159e nebo nad slavnostn\u00ed tabuli pro po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed a jako p\u0159\u00edslib \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed do domu. P\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0161eptan\u00e9 do plam\u00ednku prvn\u00ed zap\u00e1len\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm strome\u010dku n\u00e1m jmel\u00ed spln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zvyk l\u00edbat \u017eeny a d\u00edvky pod zav\u011b\u0161en\u00fdm jmel\u00edm poch\u00e1z\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z Anglie a k n\u00e1m se dostal ze sousedn\u00edho N\u011bmecka, kam ho p\u0159inesli angli\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci. Je kuri\u00f3zn\u00ed, \u017ee ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9m N\u011bmecku se sn\u00edtkou ze jmel\u00ed ozna\u010dovaly ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 domy jako znamen\u00ed prodejn\u00e9 l\u00e1sky. Irov\u00e9 v\u011b\u0161\u00ed jmel\u00ed na dve\u0159e jako pozv\u00e1nku k prost\u0159en\u00e9mu stolu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 jmel\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatele domu p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi mocnostmi a kouzly. V Norsku je jmel\u00ed symbolem usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Rozhn\u011bvan\u00ed lid\u00e9 se mus\u00ed pod stromem se jmel\u00edm udob\u0159it, jinak na sebe p\u0159ivolaj\u00ed hn\u011bv boh\u016f. Pokud se n\u00e1m bude o jmel\u00ed o V\u00e1noc\u00edch zd\u00e1t, p\u0159ipravme se na brzkou svatbu, a pokud uvid\u00edme ve snu jmel\u00ed s mnoha bobulemi, m\u016f\u017eeme se t\u011b\u0161it na velik\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jmel\u00ed jako l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 rostliny nevymizelo ani ve st\u0159edov\u011bku. Podle Mattioliho bylo jmel\u00ed l\u00e9kem proti zimnici, \u017eloutence, pr\u016fjmu, souchotin\u00e1m a padoucnici. Mattioli rozli\u0161uje jmel\u00ed i jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed podle hostitelsk\u00e9 rostliny. Nap\u0159\u00edklad hru\u0161kov\u00e9 jmel\u00ed usnad\u0148uje po\u010det\u00ed i porod, jmel\u00ed ze hlohu a jablon\u00ed se d\u00e1valo d\u011btem do kol\u00e9bky jako ochrana proti zl\u00fdm duch\u016fm a stra\u0161ideln\u00fdm vidin\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

V Anglii a Francii slou\u017eilo jmel\u00ed v 18. stolet\u00ed jako diuretikum, antispazmodikum a kardiakum. O n\u00e1vrat jmel\u00ed do modern\u00ed fytoterapie se zaslou\u017eil p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Gaulthiers, kter\u00fd roku 1907 prok\u00e1zal vliv jmel\u00ed na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed krevn\u00edho tlaku, a dr. Kaelin, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edval v\u00fdta\u017eek ze jmel\u00ed p\u0159i neoperovateln\u00fdch karcinomech. Plody se n\u011bkdy pou\u017e\u00edvaly u d\u011bt\u00ed proti \u010derv\u016fm a hl\u00edst\u016fm.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Volksschule Ruderting Emilie Gaisbauerov\u00e1, Vratislav Ma\u0148\u00e1k<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jmel\u00ed v <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":269666,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/17\/r\u00e1m-\u010das-jmel\u00ed.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117815"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=117815"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117815\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":269665,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117815\/revisions\/269665"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/269666"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=117815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=117815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=117815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}