{"id":117665,"date":"2022-12-19T21:13:40","date_gmt":"2022-12-19T20:13:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=117665"},"modified":"2022-12-22T19:49:06","modified_gmt":"2022-12-22T18:49:06","slug":"stara-sumava-vanocni-halafance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=117665","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed halafance"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Halafance. Tak se kdysi naz\u00fdvaly d\u00e1rky, kter\u00e9 se d\u00e1valy o V\u00e1noc\u00edch vlivn\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016fm a lidem, kter\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bk mohl dal\u0161\u00ed rok pot\u0159ebovat. Ott\u016fv slovn\u00edk nau\u010dn\u00fd z roku 1888 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee \u201ealafance, halafance \u2212 \u010dasto se u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 s p\u0159\u00edhanou pro dary neb vzatky, je\u017e soudcov\u00e9 neb \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci od stran p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed.\u201c<\/h6>\n

Poddan\u00ed d\u00e1vali d\u00e1rky vrchnosti, pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdm. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010desk\u00e1 m\u011bsta pos\u00edlala v 17. stolet\u00ed rakousk\u00e9 c\u00edsa\u0159ovn\u011b k V\u00e1noc\u016fm deset koroptv\u00ed a \u0161edes\u00e1t kv\u00ed\u010dal. D\u00edky t\u011bmto \u00faplatk\u016fm byli pot\u00e9 k prosb\u00e1m \u010desk\u00fdch m\u011bst vst\u0159\u00edcn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nemalujme si idylu, \u017ee kdysi sta\u010dilo d\u00e1t jako d\u00e1rek jabl\u00ed\u010dko a hrst o\u0159\u00ed\u0161k\u016f a lid\u00e9 byli o V\u00e1noc\u00edch \u0161\u0165astni. D\u0159\u00edve bylo o V\u00e1noc\u00edch obdarov\u00e1v\u00e1no slu\u017eebnictvo a dom\u00e1c\u00ed chasa, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o\u0161acen\u00edm, j\u00eddlem nebo drobnou finan\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stkou coby pr\u00e9mi\u00ed ke mzd\u011b. Lid\u00e9 d\u00e1vali drobn\u00e9 d\u00e1rky tak\u00e9 \u017eebr\u00e1k\u016fm a tul\u00e1k\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed chodili k bohat\u00fdm pop\u0159\u00e1t k narozen\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed popis k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch oslav v na\u0161ich kraj\u00edch n\u00e1m zanechal mnich Jan z Hole\u0161ova, roku 1397 napsal \u201eBo\u017e\u00ed milosti darov\u00e1na jest sp\u00e1sa \u010dlov\u011b\u010denstvu narozen\u00edm P\u00e1n\u011b. Proto se pr\u00e1vem zve \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd ve\u010der.\u201c Zvyky, kter\u00e9 popisuje, se zachovaly a\u017e do dne\u0161n\u00edch \u010das\u016f, jen jsme si je pon\u011bkud upravili: \u201eNa pam\u00e1tku nebesk\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bdrosti k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 ten ve\u010der vedou si \u0161t\u011bd\u0159e. I chud\u00fd otec sna\u017e\u00ed se pot\u011b\u0161it sv\u00e9 d\u00edtky alespo\u0148 roz\u017eehnut\u00edm velk\u00e9 sv\u00edce.\u201c<\/p>\n

Jan z Hole\u0161ova (benediktin, horliv\u00fd inkvizitor, ale tak\u00e9 vlastenec, spisovatel, sb\u011bratel lidov\u00fdch tradic, karatel odklonu prost\u00fdch \u010cech\u016f od k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed; cca 1366 \u2013 1436) uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 ji\u017e ve 14. stolet\u00ed v den narozen\u00ed Krista obdarov\u00e1vaj\u00ed – “sta\u0159\u00ed nejen lidem, ale i dobytku v tento ve\u010der projevovali \u0161t\u011bdrost”. Tovary\u0161i p\u0159ipravovali d\u00e1rky pro sv\u00e9 mistry a ti je za to dob\u0159e pohostili. \u010cele\u010f dost\u00e1vala krom\u011b platu tak\u00e9 v\u00fdslu\u017eku od hospod\u00e1\u0159e; symbolick\u00e9 d\u00e1rky zejm\u00e9na v podob\u011b lahodn\u00e9ho pe\u010diva, ovoce a minc\u00ed si navz\u00e1jem d\u00e1vali p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed, p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 a dost\u00e1valy je i d\u011bti.<\/p>\n

St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 V\u00e1noce je\u0161t\u011b neznaj\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed strome\u010dek, av\u0161ak i tehdy se domy zdobily zelen\u00fdm chvoj\u00edm a jmel\u00edm. \u0158\u00edkalo se mu \u201ezelen\u00ed\u201c a op\u011bt se jednalo o magickou ochranu p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi duchy, p\u0159ed zimou, nemocemi a hladem. Zelen\u00ed bylo umis\u0165ov\u00e1no na okna, na otev\u0159en\u00e9 ohni\u0161t\u011b, prahy a tr\u00e1my dve\u0159\u00ed. Jmel\u00ed nese zaj\u00edmavou dvoj\u00ed symboliku – chr\u00e1n\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed (dobr\u00fd) ohe\u0148 a chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed po\u017e\u00e1rem (zl\u00fdm ohn\u011bm).<\/p>\n

Dlouhou historii m\u011bly v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed zab\u00edja\u010dky, poj\u00eddalo se proto hodn\u011b vep\u0159ov\u00e9ho. \u017de se t\u00edm lid\u00e9 dost\u00e1vali do rozporu s c\u00edrkv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 po sv\u00fdch ove\u010dk\u00e1ch po\u017eadovala na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den p\u016fst? \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Zab\u00edje\u010dka se odsunula o den p\u0159ed nebo za \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den. Ve\u010de\u0159e 23. prosince b\u00fdvala tak bohat\u00e1, \u017ee se pro ni v\u017eilo ozna\u010den\u00ed hojn\u00e1, tu\u010dn\u00e1 nebo ob\u017eern\u00e1, a nebo tak\u00e9 tu\u010dn\u00fd ve\u010der. A vep\u0159ov\u00e9 se jedlo i na Bo\u017e\u00ed hod. Lid\u00e9 tu v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee kdyby nejedli maso, uhynul by jim v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch dobytek.<\/p>\n

P\u0159em\u00edru masa a dal\u0161\u00edch j\u00eddel doprov\u00e1zely tak\u00e9 mohutn\u00e9 pitky. Lid\u00e9 pili, aby se p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok urodilo, aby dobytek nestr\u00e1dal a tak\u00e9 aby mezi lidmi nevznikaly rozbroje. Pilo se pivo – \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce, t\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed toto ob\u0159adn\u00ed pit\u00ed m\u011blo b\u00fdt. Nen\u00ed tedy divu, \u017ee si na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed zvyky st\u011b\u017eovali dobov\u00ed moralist\u00e9. N\u011bkter\u00e9 jejich st\u00ed\u017enosti se zachovaly a\u017e dodnes. Kupodivu se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neli\u0161\u00ed od obvykl\u00fdch postesknut\u00ed nad konzumn\u00edm charakterem dne\u0161n\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Magdalena Beranov\u00e1 cituje Jana z Hole\u0161ova, sou\u010dasn\u00edka Karla IV. a jeho syna V\u00e1clava. “Kdy\u017e vy\u0161la hv\u011bzda,” st\u011b\u017euje si tento b\u0159evnovsk\u00fd mnich, “nejedli m\u00edrn\u011b k osv\u011b\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla, n\u00fdbr\u017e se p\u0159e\u017e\u00edrali a op\u00edjeli a a\u017e do r\u00e1na hr\u00e1li v kostky. Teprve r\u00e1no potom spali, m\u00edsto aby \u0161li do kostela na m\u0161i.” A t\u00edm jeho znechucen\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edmi oby\u010deji nekon\u010dilo: “M\u011b\u0161ce dr\u017eeli v ruce a m\u00edchali pen\u011bzi ne proto, aby je rozd\u00e1vali, ale aby se jim budouc\u00ed rok pen\u00edze mno\u017eily a aby na n\u011b m\u011bli \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. D\u00e1rky pos\u00edlali ne na pam\u00e1tku nebesk\u00e9ho sesl\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e aby sami m\u011bli po cel\u00fd n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rok \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Ti, kter\u00fdm se toho ve\u010dera n\u011bco odep\u0159elo, prorokovali: Zle se ti povede tohoto roku, proto\u017ee tohoto ve\u010dera nic nedaruje\u0161.”<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> O Janu z Hole\u0161ova psal \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt v \u010dl\u00e1nku: “B\u0159evnovsk\u00fd mnich Ale\u0161 o staro\u010desk\u00e9m slaven\u00ed v\u00e1noc (o koled\u011b) ve v\u011bku 14” – In: \u010cesk\u00fd lid. Ro\u010d. 24, \u010d. 3 (1924).<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Halafance. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":269828,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/19\/r\u00e1m-halafance.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117665"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=117665"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117665\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":269829,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117665\/revisions\/269829"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/269828"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=117665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=117665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=117665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}