{"id":117586,"date":"2022-12-14T22:38:30","date_gmt":"2022-12-14T21:38:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=117586"},"modified":"2022-12-17T11:11:41","modified_gmt":"2022-12-17T10:11:41","slug":"stara-sumava-o-vanocni-chvojce-a-stromecku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=117586","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed chvojce a strome\u010dku"},"content":{"rendered":"
V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edmu strome\u010dku u n\u00e1s celkem dlouho trvalo, ne\u017e se dostal do podv\u011bdom\u00ed. Hlavn\u011b na vesnic\u00edch se tvrdohlav\u011b dr\u017eeli ozdoben\u00fdch v\u011btvi\u010dek, kter\u00fdm se \u0159\u00edkalo chvojka. Chvojka byly r\u016fzn\u011b ozdoben\u00e9 jehli\u010dnat\u00e9 v\u011btvi\u010dky, kter\u00e9 do dom\u016f p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli koledn\u00edci s koledou a z\u00e1vdavkem za n\u011bjakou tu slu\u017eku. Chvojka m\u011bla hlubokou symboliku, kdy m\u011bla d\u016fm chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed zlou moc\u00ed a m\u011bla b\u00fdt i symbolem zdrav\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed strome\u010dek se na vsi uj\u00edmal zt\u011b\u017eka, proto\u017ee byl pro norm\u00e1ln\u00ed lidi velice drah\u00fd, a tak si jej zpo\u010d\u00e1tku nemohl dovolit ka\u017ed\u00fd. Nav\u00edc jeho rozvoj brzdil i negativn\u00ed postoj c\u00edrkve k v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edmu strome\u010dku, kter\u00e1 jej pova\u017eovala za pohansk\u00fd oby\u010dej, a proto se u n\u00e1s ve venkovsk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostech roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il a\u017e po konci prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Do t\u00e9 doby se na v\u00e1noc\u00edch zdobila chvojka a hlavn\u00edch dekorativn\u00edm symbolem V\u00e1noc byly jesli\u010dky.<\/p>\n

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\"\"Do m\u011bsta jednou v\u017edy v roce<\/em>
\n zelen\u00fd p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed les,<\/em>
\n prysky\u0159ic v\u016fn\u011b, dech str\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em>
\n do ulic jeho by vnes.<\/em><\/h6>\n
Poh\u00e1dku v mladi\u010dk\u00e1 srdce,<\/em>
\n v zest\u00e1rl\u00e1 tichou\u010dk\u00fd stesk,<\/em>
\n jak, \u017ee to bylo, kdy\u017e stromek<\/em>
\n v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed t\u0159pytil se, lesk.<\/em><\/h6>\n
Do m\u011bsta jednou v\u017edy v roce<\/em>
\n zelen\u00fd p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed les \u2013<\/em>
\n Poh\u00e1dko mlad\u00fdch let d\u00e1vno,<\/em>
\n poh\u00e1dko domova kdes?<\/em><\/h6>\n

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 <\/p>\n

V polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bly k popularit\u011b v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho stromu Staro\u010desk\u00e9 pov\u011bsti V\u00e1clava Krolmuse: \u201eV \u010cech\u00e1ch o \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9m ve\u010deru maj\u00ed na koutn\u00edm stole smr\u010dek nebo jedli\u010dku, m\u00e1jku okr\u00e1\u0161lenou v\u011bn\u00edkem, ovocem, pe\u010divem a od\u011bvem (jablky, hru\u0161kami, sl\u00edvami, mandlemi,rozinkami, pern\u00edkem, pt\u00e1\u010dky, \u0161\u00e1tky atd.), osypanou nebo nad stolem zav\u011b\u0161enou obr\u00e1cen\u011b dol\u016f.\u201c<\/em> (Krolmus 1845)<\/p>\n

V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed stromek m\u00e1 tajuplnou historii. Mo\u017en\u00e1 kr\u00e1tkou, ale mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 prastarou. Jak\u00e9 jsou prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednky o zdoben\u00ed stromku? Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 je i jin\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, odkud se zvyk zdoben\u00ed strom\u016f vzal. Lid\u00e9 byli u\u017e od prad\u00e1vna p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee mrtv\u00ed mohou v ur\u010dit\u00e9 dny vstupovat do sv\u011bta \u017eiv\u00fdch a zaujmout jejich m\u00edsto. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto tez\u00ed vznikl v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed zvyk v\u011b\u0161en\u00ed strome\u010dk\u016f \u0161pi\u010dkou dol\u016f a zdoben\u00ed stromku pamlsky jako lest na mrtv\u00e9 du\u0161e. Mrtv\u00ed sn\u00ed v\u0161echny sladkosti a nasycen\u00ed ji\u017e nikomu neubl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. K tomuto ritu\u00e1lu pat\u0159\u00ed i v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed nevst\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed od stolu, aby du\u0161e nezasedla uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 m\u00edsto.<\/p>\n

Zvykem germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f bylo stav\u011bt ozdoben\u00fd strom o svat\u00e9 noci p\u0159ed d\u016fm (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jedle) a k poct\u011b boha Slunce na n\u011b um\u00eds\u0165ovali sv\u011btla. Stromy se naz\u00fdvaly zimn\u00ed m\u00e1je. Legenda tak\u00e9 prav\u00ed, \u017ee kdysi v 6. stolet\u00ed \u017eil ve francouzsk\u00e9m Burgundsku jist\u00fd irsk\u00fd mnich, jen\u017e slavil V\u00e1noce na kopci u posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 jedle spolu s m\u00edstn\u00edmi nepok\u0159t\u011bn\u00fdmi obyvateli, kte\u0159\u00ed ji uct\u00edvali jako symbol slunovratu. Star\u00e1 francouzsk\u00e1 p\u00edse\u0148 z 13. stolet\u00ed se zmi\u0148uje o stromku s ho\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi sv\u00ed\u010dkami. Alsask\u00fd lesn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d z roku 1561 dovoloval ka\u017ed\u00e9 m\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00e9 rodin\u011b u\u0159\u00edznout si v m\u011bstsk\u00fdch les\u00edch jednu jedli\u010dku za \u00fa\u010delem v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm.<\/p>\n

V br\u00e9msk\u00e9 kronice z t\u00e9\u017ee doby se p\u00ed\u0161e o jedli ozdoben\u00e9 ovocem, sladkostmi a pap\u00edrov\u00fdmi kv\u011btinami. Ve spole\u010densk\u00e9m dom\u011b ji postavili cechovn\u00ed mist\u0159i pro sv\u00e9 d\u011bti. V Lipsku m\u011bli zase v roce 1765 vzty\u010denou na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed velkou ozdobenou jedli, co\u017e v\u00edme od J. W. Goetha, kter\u00fd ji op\u011bvoval. V 17. stolet\u00ed si stromky po\u0159izovali n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed \u0159emesln\u00edci, zejm\u00e9na protestanti, od nich zvyk p\u0159evzali \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci, aristokrat\u00e9 a \u0161lechta. Evangelick\u00e9 kostely se p\u0159idaly v 18. stolet\u00ed. Mezi m\u011b\u0161\u0165any se ozdoben\u00e9 strome\u010dky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily a\u017e ve \u010dty\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech 19. stolet\u00ed. Bylo to p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v Bavorsku a v \u010cech\u00e1ch, zat\u00edmco nap\u0159\u00edklad na Vala\u0161sku nebo na Slov\u00e1cku se p\u0159ed rokem 1900 o zdoben\u00fdch stromc\u00edch moc nev\u011bd\u011blo a d\u00e1le se zde stav\u011bly tradi\u010dn\u00ed jesli\u010dky.<\/p>\n

Za prvn\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00fd v\u00e1no\u010dn\u011b ozdoben\u00fd stromek je pova\u017eov\u00e1na jedli\u010dka \u0159editele Stavovsk\u00e9ho divadla Jana Karla Leibicha. Pro\u010d pr\u00e1v\u011b u n\u011bj? Liebich poch\u00e1zel z Mohu\u010de, tedy z oblasti, kde byla tradice v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho strome\u010dku ji\u017e za\u017eit\u00e1 a u\u017eil ji proto i v pra\u017esk\u00e9m p\u016fsobi\u0161ti. Viselo na n\u011bm ovoce a na v\u011btv\u00edch byly p\u0159ilepeny sv\u00ed\u010dky. Jeho here\u010dt\u00ed kolegov\u00e9, kter\u00e9 k n\u011bmu pozval, pak pr\u00fd nemluvili o ni\u010dem jin\u00e9m. Byl rok 1812. Jak\u00e9 byly prvn\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed ozdoby a co symbolizovaly? Prvn\u00edmi ozdobami na strome\u010dku byla jablka, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla p\u0159ipom\u00ednat Evu, matku lidsk\u00e9ho rodu, a hostie, tedy ob\u011btn\u00ed chl\u00e9b. Oboj\u00ed tvo\u0159ilo symbolick\u00fd protiklad: jablko \u010dlov\u011bka p\u0159ivedlo ke h\u0159\u00edchu a smrti, hostie d\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eivot a o\u010di\u0161\u0165uje, je eucharistick\u00fdm chlebem, t\u011blem Kristov\u00fdm, ob\u011btovan\u00fdm na odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed h\u0159\u00edch\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pozd\u011bji se patrn\u011b pr\u00e1v\u011b hostie prom\u011bnily ve v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed cukrov\u00ed, kter\u00fdm se strome\u010dky za\u010daly b\u011b\u017en\u011b zdobit. Tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed ozdoby, zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 historick\u00fdmi prameny, vych\u00e1zely z k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u011brouky. Pap\u00edrov\u00e9 r\u016f\u017ee m\u011bly evokovat “r\u016f\u017ei bez trn\u00ed” – Matku Bo\u017e\u00ed Pannu Marii, pozl\u00e1tka v podob\u011b jemn\u011b pozlacen\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 p\u00e1sky byla spojov\u00e1na s dary, kter\u00e9 p\u0159inesli do Betl\u00e9ma mudrci z v\u00fdchodu – T\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. Souhrnn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, do podoby v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho strome\u010dku se p\u0159enesla symbolika biblick\u00e9ho rajsk\u00e9ho stromu poku\u0161en\u00ed a pozn\u00e1n\u00ed (proto zdoben\u00ed strome\u010dku jablky), dopln\u011bn\u00e1 symbolick\u00fdm vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edm Krista jako\u017eto sv\u011btla sv\u011bta (proto osv\u011btlov\u00e1n\u00ed strome\u010dku sv\u00edcemi). Takto akceptovala v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed strome\u010dek c\u00edrkev pot\u00e9, co na konci 16. stolet\u00ed upustila od nahl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na tuto tradici jako\u017eto na pohansk\u00fd zavr\u017een\u00edhodn\u00fd zvyk.<\/p>\n

Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku na stromku vedle sv\u00ed\u010dek v\u011bt\u0161inou visely jen jablka a o\u0159echy, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b cukrov\u00ed. Pozd\u011bji se ozdoby vyr\u00e1b\u011bly z brambor a pozlacovaly, anebo se v mouce obalovaly o\u0159echy a \u0161i\u0161ky. Ozdoby se k v\u011btv\u00edm p\u0159ipev\u0148ovaly \u010derven\u00fdmi ma\u0161lemi. V polovin\u011b osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho byla m\u00f3da pap\u00edrov\u00fdch, l\u00e1tkov\u00fdch a vatov\u00fdch ozdob. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bla se zejm\u00e9na zv\u00ed\u0159\u00e1tka, ryby, pt\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e9, mot\u00fdlci, hv\u011bzdy a dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty napodobuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodu nebo symbolizuj\u00edc\u00ed V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek. V 1870 letech se objevilo sklo. Foukan\u00fdmi sklen\u011bn\u00fdmi ozdobami se koncem 19. stolet\u00ed proslavili \u010de\u0161t\u00ed skl\u00e1\u0159i. Pozd\u011bji se p\u0159idal um\u011bl\u00fd sn\u00edh a \u010dokol\u00e1dov\u00e9 bonb\u00f3ny zabalen\u00e9 ve staniolu, v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed kolekce.<\/p>\n

Na venkov\u011b si v\u0161ak ozdoby vyr\u00e1b\u011bli lid\u00e9 i nad\u00e1le sami, podle krajov\u00fdch zvyklost\u00ed, nej\u010dast\u011bji z pap\u00edru, sl\u00e1my a d\u0159eva. Prod\u00e1valy se i p\u0159edti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 pap\u00edrov\u00e9 hv\u011bzdi\u010dky \u010di hlavi\u010dky and\u011bl\u00ed\u010dk\u016f, kter\u00e9 pak d\u011bti i rodi\u010de doma vyst\u0159\u00edhali a dozdobili. Sv\u00ed\u010dky symbolizovaly sv\u011btlo jako spasen\u00ed, narozen\u00ed Krista, p\u0159\u00edchod Mesi\u00e1\u0161e. V\u00fdklad v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dvoj\u00ed. Podle star\u0161\u00edch pohansk\u00fdch zvyk\u016f byly zap\u00e1len\u00e9 ohn\u011b oslavou p\u0159\u00edchodu slunce, oslavou slunovratu. Jist\u00e9 je, \u017ee se oh\u00fdnky objevovaly u\u017e od samotn\u00fdch po\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f zdoben\u00ed stromk\u016f. Nejd\u0159\u00edve na speci\u00e1ln\u00edch lou\u010d\u00edch, kter\u00e9 pozd\u011bji nahradily voskov\u00e9 sv\u00edce. Ty v\u0161ak nebyly dostupn\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, tak\u017ee v\u0161eobecn\u00e9mu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dek napomohl a\u017e vyn\u00e1lez parafinu v roce 1830. S po\u010d\u00e1tkem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho stolet\u00ed se na strome\u010dc\u00edch za\u010daly objevovat elektrick\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1rovky a prskavky.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> iRecept\u00e1\u0159 Karel Bab\u00e1nek: Ve\u010dern\u00ed zvony (1929) Hana Vincenciov\u00e1<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edmu strome\u010dku <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":269531,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/14\/r\u00e1m-o-chvojce.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117586"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=117586"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117586\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":269530,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117586\/revisions\/269530"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/269531"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=117586"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=117586"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=117586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}