{"id":117329,"date":"2022-12-13T19:44:24","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T18:44:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=117329"},"modified":"2022-12-13T19:44:24","modified_gmt":"2022-12-13T18:44:24","slug":"stara-sumava-zapleteny-symbol-vanoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=117329","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Zapleten\u00fd symbol V\u00e1noc"},"content":{"rendered":"
V\u00e1no\u010dka by se bez nads\u00e1zky dala nazvat kr\u00e1lovnou v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho pe\u010diva. V\u00e1no\u010dky kdysi pat\u0159ily mezi nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e1rky, a dokonce byly i sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mzdy pro slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed. Hlavn\u011b v chud\u00fdch horsk\u00fdch oblastech to byl d\u00e1rek v\u00edtan\u00fd, nebo\u0165 b\u00edl\u00e9 pe\u010divo, kde se ne\u0161et\u0159ilo tukem, kvalitn\u00ed moukou, rozinkami a o\u0159echy, se zde peklo jen vz\u00e1cn\u011b. V hodn\u011b nemajetn\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostech se v\u00e1no\u010dka dokonce p\u0159ipravovala z t\u011bsta bramborov\u00e9ho.<\/span><\/h6>\n

\"\"K\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 pleten\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dky m\u00e1 ochr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi vlivy. V\u00e1no\u010dka se tradi\u010dn\u011b plete z dev\u00edti pramen\u016f. Z\u00e1kladnu, prvn\u00ed patro, tvo\u0159\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i prameny, kter\u00e9 symbolizuj\u00ed slunce, vodu, zemi a vzduch. Prost\u0159edn\u00ed, druh\u00e9 patro, tvo\u0159\u00ed t\u0159i prameny p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed rozum, v\u016fli a cit. T\u0159et\u00ed patro, tvo\u0159\u00ed dva prameny, kter\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed a l\u00e1sku…..Tradice, kter\u00e9 se dodr\u017eovaly p\u0159i pe\u010den\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dky. Hospodyn\u011b musela b\u00fdt oble\u010den\u00e1 v b\u00edl\u00e9 z\u00e1st\u011b\u0159e a m\u00edt b\u00edl\u00fd \u0161\u00e1tek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hospodyn\u011b nesm\u011bla b\u011bhem zad\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bsta promluvit. P\u0159i kynut\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dky musela kucha\u0159ka sk\u00e1kat hodn\u011b do v\u00fd\u0161ky, aby se v\u00e1no\u010dka poda\u0159ila. Do v\u00e1no\u010dky se zapekla mince, kdo ji na\u0161el, m\u011bl zaru\u010den\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed po cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok.V n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch se do v\u00e1no\u010dky zapekl zelen\u00fd hr\u00e1\u0161ek, kdo ho na\u0161el, m\u011bl m\u00edt cel\u00fd rok pouze \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Podle toho, jak se v\u00e1no\u010dka povedla, se p\u0159edpov\u00eddalo, jak\u00fd bude p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok. P\u0159ip\u00e1len\u00e1, natrhl\u00e1 nebo praskl\u00e1 v\u00e1no\u010dka nev\u011bstila nic dobr\u00e9ho, sp\u00ed\u0161e symbolizovala ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.
\nV\u00e1no\u010dka m\u00e1 sv\u00fdm tvarem p\u0159ipom\u00ednat mal\u00e9ho Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ka zabalen\u00e9ho v pe\u0159ince, byla proto symbolem nov\u00e9ho \u017eivota a plodnosti. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u011blo k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 pleten\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dky ochr\u00e1nit dom\u00e1cnost p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi vlivy.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e1no\u010dka ale v\u017edy pleten\u00e1 neb\u00fdvala. Jej\u00edm p\u0159edch\u016fdcem u\u017e ze 14. stolet\u00ed byla tzv. calta, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla podobu bochn\u00edku. Vzhled se postupn\u011b m\u011bnil, a\u017e se v 16. stolet\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dka vyvinula v pe\u010divo zapleten\u00e9 z n\u011bkolika pramen\u016f. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b si v\u0161ak v\u00e1no\u010dku nemohla up\u00e9ct kdejak\u00e1 hospody\u0148ka. Jej\u00ed v\u00fdroba byla zpo\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00fdsadou peka\u0159sk\u00e9ho cechu a slou\u017eila zejm\u00e9na jako dar radn\u00edm a \u0161lecht\u011b. Jej\u00ed v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 i ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed cesta v\u00e1no\u010dky na Pra\u017esk\u00fd hrad. Dopoledne na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den se vydalo \u0161est b\u00edle oble\u010den\u00fdch peka\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nesli dlouh\u00e9 prkno a na n\u011bm velkou v\u00e1no\u010dku. Ta sm\u011b\u0159ovala na st\u016fl nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9mu purkrab\u00edmu. P\u0159esun v\u00e1no\u010dky se t\u011b\u0161il i velk\u00e9mu z\u00e1jmu p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eej\u00edc\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1vali, zda se n\u011bco nep\u0159ihod\u00ed \u2013 zlomen\u00e1 nebo jinak poni\u010den\u00e1 v\u00e1no\u010dka znamenala pro cech obrovskou hanbu. <\/span><\/p>\n

Doma si milovn\u00edci v\u00e1no\u010dky na tomto tradi\u010dn\u00edm symbolu V\u00e1noc pochutn\u00e1vaj\u00ed a\u017e od 18. stolet\u00ed. Hospodyn\u011b nepekla v\u00e1no\u010dku jen jednu, ale obdarovala j\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlena dom\u00e1cnosti. Prvn\u00ed z nich m\u011bl dostat v\u017edy hospod\u00e1\u0159, aby se mu hojn\u011b urodilo obil\u00ed. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejbohat\u011bji zdoben\u00e1 v\u00e1no\u010dka byla um\u00edst\u011bna na sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm stole a mohl ji rozkrojit jen hospod\u00e1\u0159. Na \u0159adu p\u0159ich\u00e1zela jako posledn\u00ed ze sedmi j\u00eddel, kter\u00e9 by se na \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00edm stole m\u011bly objevit. D\u00edky tomu, \u017ee v\u00e1no\u010dka byla z kynut\u00e9ho t\u011bsta, m\u011bla symbolizovat rozr\u016fst\u00e1n\u00ed majetku a prosperitu. Nav\u00edc se \u010dasto pod\u00e1vala s takzvanou odv\u00e1rkou, tedy hustou om\u00e1\u010dkou z rozva\u0159en\u00fdch \u0161vestek, hru\u0161ek, zahu\u0161t\u011bnou pern\u00edkem, o\u0159echy a rozinkami, tedy potravinami, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly zaji\u0161\u0165ovat v hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed hojnost. Kousek z v\u00e1no\u010dky dostali v\u0161ichni \u010dlenov\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti, v\u010detn\u011b dobytka, kter\u00e9mu m\u011bla p\u0159in\u00e9st zdrav\u00ed a ochranu p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi silami. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00edch se kousek v\u00e1no\u010dky h\u00e1zel do studny nebo krbu. Nesn\u011bden\u00e1 v\u00e1no\u010dka se nech\u00e1vala na stole pro du\u0161e zem\u0159el\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 se tu noc vracely zp\u00e1tky na zem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do t\u011bsta mohla hospodyn\u011b zapracovat minci \u2013 n\u00e1lezci m\u011bla zaru\u010dit zdrav\u00ed a bohatstv\u00ed po cel\u00fd nast\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed rok. St\u0159\u00edbrnou minci do v\u00e1no\u010dky zap\u00e9kali i n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed peka\u0159i a z\u00e1kazn\u00edci se tak st\u00e1vali i \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed loterie. V chud\u0161\u00edch dom\u00e1cnostech pen\u00edz zastoupil \u0161\u00edpek nebo strou\u017eek \u010desneku. Jinde se ze stejn\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu zap\u00e9kal hr\u00e1\u0161ek zaru\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed celoro\u010dn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

O tom, \u017ee zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 pe\u010divo skute\u010dn\u011b bylo, dalo by se \u0159\u00edct, jedn\u00edm ze symbol\u016f V\u00e1noc sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed fakt, \u017ee o n\u011bm psal ji\u017e mnich Jan z Hole\u0161ova z B\u0159evnovsk\u00e9ho kl\u00e1\u0161tera, kter\u00fd \u017eil v dob\u011b vl\u00e1dy kr\u00e1le V\u00e1clava IV. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku se v\u0161ak v\u00e1no\u010dka objevovala jen na stolech \u0161lechtic\u016f a mlsn\u00fdch kon\u0161el\u016f, tedy st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f m\u011bstsk\u00e9 rady. B\u011bhem V\u00e1noc v\u0161ak radn\u00ed dop\u0159\u00e1vali dobroty nejen sob\u011b, ale i druh\u00fdm. Za obecn\u00ed pen\u00edze se nakupovalo velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ryb i \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00edch h\u00fasc\u00ed. J\u00eddlo se pak rozd\u00e1valo chud\u00fdm. H\u00fasce nebyly nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e \u0161t\u011bdrovky, \u010di dodnes zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a obl\u00edben\u00e9 v\u00e1no\u010dky. V d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dob\u00e1ch, byly v\u00e1no\u010dky obl\u00edben\u00fdm v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm d\u00e1rkem. Ji\u017e od st\u0159edov\u011bku b\u00fdvaly toti\u017e v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e1rky nez\u0159\u00eddka sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed uzav\u00edran\u00fdch smluv. Jednalo se v podstat\u011b o n\u011bjak\u00fd st\u00e1l\u00fd poplatek. A tak i vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed plet\u00e1nky z kynut\u00e9ho t\u011bsta pat\u0159ily k smluvn\u00ed mzd\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad v Plzni mohli m\u00edt kon\u0161el\u00e9, pov\u011b\u017en\u00ed a \u0161atlavn\u00ed o V\u00e1noc\u00edch v\u00e1no\u010dky za \u010dty\u0159i gro\u0161e. Pro zvon\u00edka a brann\u00e9 pak byla k dispozici za dva gro\u0161e. Hrobn\u00edk m\u011bl podle smlouvy na v\u00e1no\u010dku n\u00e1rok v Jind\u0159ichov\u011b Hradci. Pokud se o\u017eenil, pak u\u017e pouze na polovinu, proto\u017ee zbytek pat\u0159il podle svatebn\u00ed smlouvy jeho \u017een\u011b. Titul nej\u0161t\u011bd\u0159ej\u0161\u00edch v\u0161ak i tak pat\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b starom\u011bstsk\u00fdm kon\u0161el\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed, jak ji\u017e bylo i v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bno, d\u00e1vali v\u00e1no\u010dky i kapry zemsk\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016fm, pra\u017esk\u00e9mu arcibiskupovi, far\u00e1\u0159\u016fm v\u0161ech kostel\u016f v Praze, rektora, \u010dili \u0159editele Karlovy univerzity. Na zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 d\u00e1rky se mohli t\u011b\u0161it i hl\u00e1sn\u00ed, p\u0159evozn\u00edci a hrobn\u00edci. Zkr\u00e1tka nep\u0159i\u0161la ani \u201ezadn\u00ed zb\u011b\u0159\u201c, do kter\u00e9 pat\u0159il m\u011bstsk\u00fd kat se sv\u00fdmi pacholky, d\u00e1le pak ras a hospod\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd m\u011bl na starost chod v\u011bzen\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud jde o ryby, ty byly a po\u0159\u00e1d jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za postn\u00ed pokrm. V minulosti Byly v\u00fdslu\u017ekou pro \u0161kol\u00e1ky, chud\u00e9 v chudobinc\u00edch a taky pro v\u011bzn\u011b. Ani na stolech samotn\u00fdch radn\u00edch a kon\u0161el\u016f ale na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd ve\u010der \u0161t\u011bdrovka, chcete-li v\u00e1no\u010dka, nechyb\u011bla. Dost\u00e1vali jich z m\u011bstsk\u00e9 pokladny osmn\u00e1ct. Je\u0161t\u011b l\u00e9pe na tom byli p\u00e1ni star\u0161\u00ed, ti jich dost\u00e1vali a\u017e \u0161estadvacet, stejn\u011b jako \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci m\u011bsta. Na soudce \u010dekalo v\u00e1no\u010dek \u010dtrn\u00e1ct. Ne v\u0161ichni v\u0161ak o V\u00e1noc\u00edch obdarov\u00e1vali druh\u00e9 z vlastn\u00ed v\u016fle. N\u011bkdy to prost\u011b byla smluvn\u00ed povinnost. Tak vid\u00edte, co v\u00e1no\u010dka znamenala pro na\u0161e p\u0159edky. Mo\u017en\u00e1 si na to vzpomenete, a\u017e budete o V\u00e1noc\u00edch j\u00edst v\u00e1no\u010dku i vy. Nikde nen\u00ed ps\u00e1no, \u017ee v dne\u0161n\u00ed modern\u00ed dob\u011b, se v\u00e1no\u010dka nem\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm d\u00e1rkem. Pr\u00e1v\u011b naopak, takov\u00e1 dob\u0159e upe\u010den\u00e1, tradi\u010dn\u00ed, v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dka, by mohla p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011b p\u0159ekvapit a pot\u011b\u0161it kdekter\u00e9ho labu\u017en\u00edka. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 bude-li darovan\u00e1 s l\u00e1skou.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n


\nZdroj:<\/strong> Historie peka\u0159stv\u00ed, Krystyna K\u0119dziorov\u00e1<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00e1no\u010dka by <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":269451,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/13\/r\u00e1m-symbol.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117329"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=117329"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117329\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":269450,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117329\/revisions\/269450"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/269451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=117329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=117329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=117329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}