{"id":117138,"date":"2022-12-11T20:44:55","date_gmt":"2022-12-11T19:44:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=117138"},"modified":"2022-12-14T22:38:54","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T21:38:54","slug":"stara-sumava-zahada-cerneho-frantiska-a-kouzlo-vuni-vanoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=117138","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Z\u00e1hada \u010dern\u00e9ho franti\u0161ka a kouzlo v\u016fn\u00ed V\u00e1noc"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky d\u011btsk\u00fdch let<\/em>
\n von\u011bly po nad\u011bji.<\/em>
\n Doma se bezpe\u010dn\u00fd zd\u00e1l sv\u011bt<\/em>
\n a div\u016f \u010dekal bezpo\u010det<\/em>
\n a v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee se d\u011bj\u00ed.<\/em><\/h6>\n
Te\u010f v\u011bci maj\u00ed se sp\u00ed\u0161 tak,<\/em>
\n \u017ee v\u00edra v divy miz\u00ed.<\/em>
\n Kdy\u017e u\u017e to nen\u00ed na omak,<\/em>
\n pochybnost chladn\u00e1 jako mrak<\/em>
\n ti ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00e1zrak zciz\u00ed.<\/em><\/h6>\n
Kdesi v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edme jas,<\/em>
\n t\u0159pyt V\u00e1noc t\u0159epotav\u00fd<\/em>
\n jak and\u011bl P\u00e1n\u011b tkne se n\u00e1s,<\/em>
\n to z\u00e1zrak\u016f zas nastal \u010das,<\/em>
\n divouc\u00ed div a kr\u00e1sa kr\u00e1s,<\/em>
\n a\u0165 i u v\u00e1s se slav\u00ed!<\/em><\/h6>\n

K adventn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9\u0159e pat\u0159\u00ed krom\u011b strome\u010dku, sv\u00ed\u010dek a cukrov\u00ed tak\u00e9 v\u016fn\u011b. Pro n\u011bkoho to u\u017e nav\u017edy bude franti\u0161ek z babi\u010d\u010diny plotny, pro jin\u00e9ho mandarinky z prvn\u00ed mikul\u00e1\u0161sk\u00e9 nad\u00edlky, pro dal\u0161\u00edho sko\u0159ice a h\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dek z v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho pun\u010de na trhu ve m\u011bst\u011b. O\u010distn\u00e1 v\u016fn\u011b kadidla napln\u00ed va\u0161e prostory harmoni\u00ed, m\u00edrem a slavnostn\u00ed n\u00e1ladou.<\/p>\n

V\u016fn\u011b kadidla dok\u00e1\u017ee pomoci povzn\u00e9st se od pozemsk\u00e9ho trm\u00e1cen\u00ed k duchovn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm str\u00e1nk\u00e1m \u017eivota, ani\u017e by ov\u0161em ztratil kontakt s realitou v\u0161edn\u00edho dne. \u010cichov\u00e9 vjemy z v\u016fn\u011b kadidla, myrhy, jalovce a dal\u0161\u00edch bylin navozuj\u00ed slavnostn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ru p\u0159i mnoha sv\u011btsk\u00fdch i n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch sv\u00e1tc\u00edch, V\u00e1noce nevyj\u00edmaje.<\/p>\n

Vonn\u00e9 sm\u011bsi se p\u00e1lily na ob\u011btn\u00edch olt\u00e1\u0159\u00edch v chr\u00e1mech i na venkovn\u00edch ob\u011bti\u0161t\u00edch, vyku\u0159ovaly se jimi staven\u00ed a chl\u00e9vy, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo p\u0159\u00edstupu ne\u010dist\u00fdch sil a vypudily se ze staven\u00ed choroby. V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee v\u016fn\u011b a d\u00fdm z kadidla oznamuj\u00ed bl\u00edzkost boh\u016f, kter\u00fdm tyto v\u016fn\u011b byly p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9. Kadidlo mohlo b\u00fdt pro velkou \u010d\u00e1st rodin nedostupn\u00fdm luxusem pro jeho cenu. V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed pro ka\u017edou dom\u00e1cnost se mohla v\u016fn\u011b kadidla st\u00e1t a\u017e d\u00edky neot\u0159el\u00e9mu n\u00e1padu, kter\u00fd dostal podobu t\u011bst\u00ed\u010dka z d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed, bramborov\u00e9ho \u0161krobu, jemn\u00fdch bukov\u00fdch pilin a vo\u0148av\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsady.<\/p>\n

Vonn\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 trojhr\u00e1nky a ku\u017eel\u00edky budily v\u017edy z\u00e1jem i nad\u0161en\u00ed. Dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 to i \u017eivotopis velk\u00e9ho n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho b\u00e1sn\u00edka Johanna Wolfganga Goetha (1749 \u20131832), kter\u00fd do \u010das\u016f sv\u00e9ho d\u011btstv\u00ed zasadil vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o mal\u00e9 nehod\u011b, kterou za\u017eil p\u0159i p\u00e1len\u00ed franti\u0161k\u016f. Rozn\u00edtil je s nad\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee se tak p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed Bohu, \u201ekter\u00fd je v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m spojen\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edrodou\u201c, s jej\u00edm sv\u011btlem i v\u016fn\u011bmi, co\u017e oboj\u00ed \u017ehnouc\u00ed a d\u00fdmaj\u00edc\u00ed trojhr\u00e1nek ide\u00e1ln\u011b spojoval. Dos\u00e1hl v\u0161ak jen toho, \u017ee zap\u00e1len\u00e9 trojhr\u00e1nky poni\u010dily \u201e\u010derven\u00fd lak a kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 zlat\u00e9 kv\u011bty\u201c na hudebn\u00edm pult\u00edku jeho otce, kam je chlapec Goethe polo\u017eil. Franti\u0161ky ji\u017e neodmysliteln\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed do ka\u017ed\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti, kter\u00e1 se hl\u00e1s\u00ed k tradic\u00edm v\u00e1noc.<\/p>\n

V\u016fn\u011b kadidla, kter\u00e1 je pro n\u011b typick\u00e1 se tak p\u0159enesla z chr\u00e1m\u016f i do rodinn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbytk\u016f. Kadidlo neboli olibanum bylo jedn\u00edm z dar\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159inesli t\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e mudrci pr\u00e1v\u011b narozen\u00e9mu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161kovi. A to m\u011blo jist\u011b sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam. A snad pr\u00e1v\u011b proto byla tato v\u016fn\u011b p\u0159i slavnostn\u00edch duchovn\u00edch ob\u0159adech, spole\u010dn\u011b s myrhou, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na u\u017e v prad\u00e1vn\u00fdch svatyn\u00edch a m\u011bla jist\u011b i Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161kovi pomoci splnit \u00fakol, kter\u00fd si na zemi vybral. Dne\u0161n\u00ed n\u00e1zev \u201efranti\u0161ek\u201c st\u011b\u017e\u00ed souvis\u00ed s \u201efrank-incense\u201c, co\u017e je p\u016fvodn\u011b starofrancouzsk\u00e9 a dnes anglick\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro prav\u00e9 kadidlo. \u00dapln\u011b neuspokoj\u00ed ani vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1zev franti\u0161k\u016f byl p\u0159evzat z V\u00eddn\u011b, kde se jim \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Franziskaner (franti\u0161k\u00e1n), pr\u00fd kv\u016fli podobnosti s \u010dernou k\u00e1p\u00ed tohoto mni\u0161sk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du. Bylo by pak toti\u017e logi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdyby se \u201evyku\u0159ovac\u00edm sv\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1m\u201c i u n\u00e1s \u0159\u00edkalo \u201efranti\u0161k\u00e1ni\u201c.<\/p>\n

Nelze ale vylou\u010dit, \u017ee \u010deskou podobu n\u00e1zvu mohla ovlivnit vzpom\u00ednka na zakladatele \u0159\u00e1du, na sv. Franti\u0161ka z Assisi, anebo \u017ee se franti\u0161k\u00e1n\u016fm lidov\u011b \u0159\u00edkalo tak\u00e9 \u201efranti\u0161ci\u201c. Tradice p\u00e1len\u00ed franti\u0161k\u016f v \u010cech\u00e1ch je star\u00e1 zhruba 300 let, ale ji\u017e d\u00e1vno p\u0159edt\u00edm Keltov\u00e9, Germ\u00e1ni a Slovan\u00e9 vyku\u0159ovali a o\u010di\u0161\u0165ovali p\u0159\u00edbytky na p\u0159elomu star\u00e9ho a nov\u00e9ho roku. B\u011bhem l\u00e9ta tak\u00e9 sb\u00edrali vonn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 byliny, v\u00e1zali je do svaze\u010dk\u016f a su\u0161ili. Pot\u00e9 je zav\u011b\u0161ovali nad vchodov\u00e9 dve\u0159e. V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dob\u00e1ch je lid\u00e9 nech\u00e1vali sv\u011btit v kostel\u00edch a zav\u011b\u0161ovali doma nebo u svat\u00fdch m\u00edst. Bylinn\u00e9 sm\u011bsi se \u0159\u00edkalo voni\u010dka, m\u011bla siln\u011b l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 a o\u010distn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky, chr\u00e1nila d\u016fm p\u0159ed ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00edm a uhranut\u00edm, zah\u00e1n\u011bla smutek a melancholii, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ela sv\u011btlo v temn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u00edce se vyku\u0159ovala obydl\u00ed i hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 staven\u00ed pro ochranu a o\u010distu po dvan\u00e1ct noc\u00ed po\u010d\u00ednaje \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fdm dnem a kon\u010de p\u0159ed T\u0159emi Kr\u00e1li, je\u017e se pova\u017eovaly za kritick\u00e9, kdy temn\u00e9 s\u00edly maj\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed moc. Dnes t\u00e9to sm\u011bsi \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me purpura, spaluje se na uhl\u00edku v n\u00e1dobce k tomu ur\u010den\u00e9 nebo na plotn\u011b u kamen \u010di krbu. Krom\u011b levandule a kadidla je v n\u00ed h\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dek, sko\u0159ice, he\u0159m\u00e1nek, mate\u0159\u00eddou\u0161ka, lipov\u00fd kv\u011bt a fenykl s an\u00fdzem, n\u011bkdy i su\u0161en\u00e1 pomeran\u010dov\u00e1 k\u016fra a dal\u0161\u00ed, \u010dasto tajn\u00e9, p\u0159\u00edm\u011bsi. Mohou tam b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 mu\u0161k\u00e1tov\u00fd o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek, m\u00e1ta, medu\u0148ka, tymi\u00e1n, bazalka, rozmar\u00fdn, \u0161alv\u011bj, major\u00e1nka, oregano, pelyn\u011bk, semena km\u00ednu, kv\u011bt m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dku, chrpy, r\u016f\u017e\u00ed, v\u0159esu, he\u0159m\u00e1nku, jehli\u010d\u00ed, bor\u016fvkov\u00e9, malin\u00edkov\u00e9, jahodn\u00edkov\u00e9 a ostru\u017ein\u00edkov\u00e9 listy, listy eukalyptu a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch bylinek. Bylinky se sm\u00edchaj\u00ed, podrt\u00ed a pokapou vonn\u00fdmi oleji, kter\u00e9 se mohou i vz\u00e1jemn\u011b kombinovat.<\/p>\n

Podle benediktina Jana z Hole\u0161ova toti\u017e vo\u0148av\u00fd kou\u0159 p\u0159ich\u00e1zel do domu s kn\u011bzem. Lid\u00e9 se v\u0161ak jist\u011b dok\u00e1zali obej\u00edt i bez n\u011bj, jak p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 t\u0159eba popis v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch zvyk\u016f z \u0160umavy, kde m\u011bl vyku\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed na starosti majitel usedlosti: \u201eHospod\u00e1\u0159 vyku\u0159uje p\u0159\u00edbytek na odvracen\u00ed nemoci. Jindy to b\u00fdvalo l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdmi bylinami, dnes ji\u017e nev\u011bd\u00ed, co maj\u00ed v l\u00e9t\u011b natrhat a usu\u0161it, a proto koup\u00ed v m\u011bst\u011b vo\u0148av\u00e9ho \u201afranti\u0161ka\u2018 nebo d\u011bti natrhaj\u00ed jalovec.\u201c Pokud se p\u0159i st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9m vyku\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaly sm\u011bsi s prav\u00fdm kadidlem, a ne jen n\u011bjak\u00e9 dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed n\u00e1hra\u017eky, zavon\u011bly tehdej\u0161\u00ed domy aspo\u0148 na chv\u00edli stejn\u011b jako dne\u0161n\u00ed obydl\u00ed po zap\u00e1len\u00ed franti\u0161ku. Kou\u0159 m\u011bl v\u0161ak zcela jin\u00fd \u00fa\u010del. V\u016fn\u011b franti\u0161ku z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 vzd\u00e1len\u00fdm odleskem t\u011bchto pocit\u016f ohro\u017een\u00ed – ale skute\u010dn\u011b jen velmi vzd\u00e1len\u00fdm, jak p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 t\u0159eba pozn\u00e1mka b\u00e1sn\u00edka Svatopluka \u010cecha (1846\u20131908): \u201eKamna trochu \u010dad\u00ed – nu co\u017e? Zap\u00e1l\u00edm franti\u0161ek!\u201c<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e vyr\u00e1b\u00edme franti\u0161ky v na\u0161\u00ed d\u00edln\u011b: Na star\u00e9m ml\u00fdnku na k\u00e1vu nameleme d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 uhl\u00ed na grilov\u00e1n\u00ed a s kadidlem (prod\u00e1v\u00e1 se pod n\u00e1zvem olibanum a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se do star\u00fdch receptur lak\u016f). Jako pojivo pou\u017eijeme \u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9 celulozov\u00e9 lepidlo na tapety a ud\u011bl\u00e1me tuh\u00e9 t\u011bst\u00ed\u010dko, kter\u00e9 natla\u010d\u00edme do formy na vos\u00ed hn\u00edzda. Vyklepneme a nech\u00e1me vysu\u0161it. Franti\u0161ky jsou hotov\u00e9. Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed je objednat kadidelnice slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k p\u00e1len\u00ed vyku\u0159ovadel a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho pohodl\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnosti. Kadidelnici napl\u0148te p\u00edskem a na n\u011bj polo\u017ete \u017ehnouc\u00ed uhl\u00edk a p\u0159idejte kadidlo, kter\u00e9 si vyberete.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Michal Mocek, Tradice V\u00e1noc, Irmgard Duschekov\u00e1 Glaube und Heimat, 2007, \u010d. 12, s. 7 p\u0159eklad Jan Mare\u0161<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":269326,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/11\/r\u00e1m-franti\u0161ek.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117138"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=117138"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":269325,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117138\/revisions\/269325"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/269326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=117138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=117138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=117138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}