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Zimn\u00ed noc je\u0161t\u011b nejev\u00ed zn\u00e1mky rozedn\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, ale uprost\u0159ed vesnice sv\u00edt\u00ed okna kostela a z kopc\u016f na \u0160umav\u011b se v \u010dasn\u00e9m r\u00e1nu a za tmy v adventn\u00edm \u010dase za\u010dala sn\u00e1\u0161et sv\u011bt\u00e9lka. A jak lid\u00ed p\u0159ib\u00fdvalo, pospojovala se v z\u00e1\u0159i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, a\u017e p\u0159ed vchodem do svatost\u00e1nku tvo\u0159ila sv\u011bt\u00e9lkuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159eku. To spole\u010denstv\u00ed \u0161umavsk\u00fdch lid\u00ed sp\u011bchalo vzd\u00e1t hold Pann\u011b Marii. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed s lucerni\u010dkou symbolicky sv\u00edtili na cestu, jin\u00ed za\u017eehli sv\u00edci a\u017e ve svatost\u00e1nku. To bylo ale jedin\u00e9 sv\u011btlo, kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1m osv\u011btlovalo. A bude tomu tak ka\u017ed\u00fd den, a\u017e do \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9ho dne. “Sv\u00ed\u010dky v rukou lid\u00ed maj\u00ed jasnou symboliku: Kristus, coby symbol sv\u011btla pro lidstvo. Lucerni\u010dka tak\u00e9 znamenala sv\u011btlo pro druh\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka. B\u00fdt mu oporou.”<\/p>\n
Tak\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky, kter\u00e9 lid\u00e9 na ror\u00e1tn\u00ed m\u0161e nosili, se v\u00fdznamn\u011b odli\u0161ovaly od b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch. Jejich v\u00fdrobci nejprve dlouh\u00fd knot opakovan\u011b sm\u00e1\u010deli do vosku, aby z voskov\u00e9 \u0161\u0148\u016fry nakonec slo\u017eili jak\u00fdsi blo\u010dek. Jak postupn\u011b knot takzvan\u00e9ho sloupku odho\u0159\u00edval, jeho majitel z honosn\u011b zdoben\u00e9ho bloku odv\u00edjel dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st. Kosteln\u00ed zp\u011bv\u00e1ci vyzp\u011bvovali ka\u017ed\u00e9 adventn\u00ed r\u00e1no p\u0159i pobo\u017enosti a t\u0159eba i v nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti kn\u011bze v ze\u0161e\u0159el\u00e9m kostele ror\u00e1ty. Zp\u011bvn\u00edk za\u010d\u00ednal ror\u00e1ty pro ned\u011bli, kdy se zp\u00edvalo \u010dty\u0159hlasn\u011b. Diskant, vlastn\u011b sopr\u00e1n vyzp\u011bvovali \u017e\u00e1\u010dci ze \u0161koly vysok\u00fdm hlasem, pak n\u00e1sledoval alt, tenor a bas. Ka\u017ed\u00fd hlas m\u011bl sv\u016fj part veps\u00e1n na \u010dtvrtin\u011b dvoustrany. Pro dal\u0161\u00ed dny byly ror\u00e1ty jednohlas\u00e9. Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed p\u00edsmena \u2013 inici\u00e1ly – pro jednotliv\u00e9 dny v t\u00fddnu byla vyvedena zelenou, fialovou nebo r\u016f\u017eovou barvou a byla dopln\u011bna kr\u00e1sn\u00fdmi malbami, tak\u017ee se zp\u011bv\u00e1ci nemohli zm\u00fdlit. Jejich kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 a radostn\u00e9 melodie chytily za srdce ka\u017ed\u00e9ho poslucha\u010de, kter\u00fd si p\u0159ivstal do tich\u00e9ho jitra a s roz\u017eatou lucernou p\u0159isp\u011bchal do studen\u00e9ho kostela…<\/p>\n
V c\u00edrkvi byla jit\u0159n\u00ed mari\u00e1nsk\u00e1 m\u0161e slou\u017eena v adventu jen o sobot\u00e1ch, jako obvykl\u00e1 sobotn\u00ed m\u0161e o Pann\u011b Marii odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed liturgick\u00e9 dob\u011b. Arcibiskup Arno\u0161t z Pardubic byl velk\u00fdm ctitelem Panny Marie a s pomoc\u00ed Karla IV., kter\u00fd byl rovn\u011b\u017e milovn\u00edkem mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u00facty, doc\u00edlil toho, \u017ee byla na\u0161im zem\u00edm d\u00e1na v\u00fdjimka povoluj\u00edc\u00ed, aby tato jit\u0159n\u00ed m\u0161e byla slou\u017eena i v ostatn\u00ed dny v t\u00fddnu v\u010detn\u011b ned\u011bl\u00ed. P\u016fvodn\u011b v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 adventn\u00ed liturgie se postupn\u011b oslabilo, proto\u017ee ka\u017edodenn\u00ed ror\u00e1tn\u00ed m\u0161e pronikly i do sousedn\u00edch zem\u00ed. P\u0159esto maj\u00ed na\u0161e zem\u011b k ror\u00e1t\u016fm zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed vztah.<\/p>\n
Za Karla IV. za\u010dala tradice ror\u00e1tn\u00edch m\u0161\u00ed, slaven\u00fdch s velkou \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch. Snad proto se tvrdo\u0161\u00edjn\u011b opakuje, \u017ee zp\u011bvy, kter\u00e9 pro tyto m\u0161e m\u00e1me, poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z jeho doby. Ony zp\u011bvy p\u0159i ror\u00e1tn\u00edch m\u0161\u00edch toti\u017e dostaly rovn\u011b\u017e jm\u00e9no ror\u00e1ty. Jsou to kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b, starobyl\u00e9 jazykem i n\u00e1p\u011bvem. Vznikaly postupn\u011b ve stolet\u00ed patn\u00e1ct\u00e9m a \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9m, vesm\u011bs jsou z doby p\u0159ed B\u00edlou horou. Ur\u010dit\u00e9 sep\u011bt\u00ed s dobou Karla IV. v\u0161ak p\u0159ece maj\u00ed. V dob\u011b Karlov\u011b se p\u0159i ror\u00e1tech zp\u00edvaly latinsk\u00e9 chor\u00e1ly podle p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho formul\u00e1\u0159e. A zp\u00edvali je pouze klerici, jak o tom sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed notovan\u00e9 Arno\u0161tovy knihy dopsan\u00e9 roku 1364. V 15. stolet\u00ed byly do t\u011bchto chor\u00e1l\u016f v\u0159azov\u00e1ny latinsk\u00e9 vlo\u017eky zvan\u00e9 kantil\u00e9ny \u2013 p\u00edsn\u011b. O tom m\u00e1me sv\u011bdectv\u00ed z roku 1450 v Rukopise Vy\u0161ehradsk\u00e9m.<\/p>\n
V dal\u0161\u00edm stolet\u00ed byly texty p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1ny do \u010de\u0161tiny tak, aby je bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zp\u00edvat se stejnou melodi\u00ed. Tehdy se tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipojili ke zp\u011bvu v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed a posl\u00e9ze p\u0159evzali zp\u011bvy jako lidov\u00e9. Pokud sahaj\u00ed z\u00e1znamy a pam\u011b\u0165, m\u011bli lid\u00e9 a n\u00e1rody n\u00e1bo\u017en\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky, p\u0159i nich\u017e se jejich du\u0161e ocitaly nabl\u00edzku bytost\u00ed, o kter\u00fdch lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee nad nimi existuj\u00ed jako vl\u00e1dci jejich osud\u016f., vybaveny velikou a \u010dasto neomezenou moc\u00ed, opat\u0159eny vlastnostmi mimo na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed a vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed v\u016fl\u00ed p\u016fsobit na lidi, a\u0165 u\u017e jsou jimi naz\u00fdv\u00e1ny bohy, blahoslaven\u00fdmi, nebe\u0161\u0165any \u010di jinak. Kdy\u017e si vzpomenu, jak jsme se ka\u017ed\u00e9 adventn\u00ed r\u00e1no t\u011b\u0161ili na m\u0161e svat\u00e9 v 6 hodin r\u00e1no, je to n\u011bco, co ve m\u011b vyvol\u00e1 vlnu neoby\u010dejn\u00e9ho rozechv\u011bn\u00ed. A jako za on\u011bch dob, ne\u017e se to D\u00edt\u011b narodilo, \u010dekal sv\u011bt Vykupitele, kter\u00fd by smetl temn\u00e9 a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed se zlo, a jak n\u00e1m bylo \u0159e\u010deno, lid\u00e9 volali: “Rosu d\u0161t\u011bte, nebesa, sh\u016fry!” co\u017e v latinsk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di zn\u00ed “rorate”, tak se c\u00edrkev p\u0159ipravuje po cel\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc sv\u00e1tkem adventn\u00edm, sv\u00e1tkem p\u0159\u00edchodu, na sv\u00e1tek Narozen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte a katolick\u00fd kn\u011bz kon\u00e1 me\u0161n\u00ed ob\u011b\u0165, zvanou ror\u00e1ty, a ty trvaj\u00ed a\u017e do on\u011bch dlouho vytou\u017een\u00fdch dn\u016f…<\/p>\n
Jak se to zp\u00edv\u00e1 v adventn\u00ed rann\u00ed mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 m\u0161i zvan\u00e9 ror\u00e1ty? P\u0159edkov\u00e9 vol\u00e1vali:<\/p>\n
Rosu dejte, nebesa sh\u016fry,<\/em> Pojem ror\u00e1ty poch\u00e1z\u00ed z latinsk\u00e9ho rorate, neboli “rosu dejte”, co\u017e je odkaz na jeden z hlavn\u00edch motiv\u016f ror\u00e1tn\u00edch p\u00edsn\u00ed Rorate coeli desuper “Rosu dejte nebesa sh\u016fry”. T\u00e9ma p\u00edsn\u00ed se v\u00e1\u017ee stejn\u011b jako koledy k t\u00e9matu narozen\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, ale na rozd\u00edl od koled se soust\u0159e\u010fuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpravy na Jeho p\u0159\u00edchod. Kdy\u017e Fridrich Bridel vydal roku 1658 svoje Jesli\u010dky, nazval prvn\u00edch \u0161est p\u00edsni\u010dek \u201eRor\u00e1ty aneb P\u00edsn\u011b adventn\u00ed\u201c. Byly a jsou to p\u00edsn\u011b, kter\u00e9 doprov\u00e1zely v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed na jejich cest\u011b k V\u00e1noc\u016fm. Lid\u00e9 si je pak zp\u00edvali nejen p\u0159i liturgii \u2013 p\u0159i ror\u00e1tn\u00ed m\u0161i \u2013 ale i doma. \u010clov\u011bk doby barokn\u00ed vst\u00e1val velmi brzo a chodil sp\u00e1t velmi brzo. Zp\u016fsob \u017eivota tehdej\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed byl jin\u00fd. Odv\u00edjel se od sv\u011btla a tmy v pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku, nikoli od toho, co ukazuj\u00ed hodiny.<\/p>\n Dnes sice na ror\u00e1ty v kostel\u00edch ob\u010das naraz\u00edme, ale v ji\u017e zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 form\u011b. \u010casto se tak ozna\u010duje kter\u00e1koliv adventn\u00ed bohoslu\u017eba, i ve\u010dern\u00ed. A tak star\u00e1, ojedin\u011bl\u00e1 a velmi kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 a bohat\u00e1 tradice miz\u00ed. Vzpom\u00ednku na ror\u00e1ty zakon\u010deme \u00fapln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm cit\u00e1tem z knihy proroka Izaj\u00e1\u0161e: \u201eRorate caeli desuper et nubes pluant iustum, aperiatur terra et germinet salvatorem et iustitia oriatur simul ego Dominus creavit eum.\u201c Tedy \u010desky podle ekumenick\u00e9ho p\u0159ekladu Bible: \u201eNebesa, vydejte kr\u016fp\u011bje sh\u016fry, a\u0165 kane z oblak\u016f spravedlnost, nech\u0165 se otev\u0159e zem\u011b a urod\u00ed se sp\u00e1sa a spravedlnost vyra\u0161\u00ed s n\u00ed. J\u00e1 Hospodin to stvo\u0159\u00edm.\u201c (Iz 45, 8).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Zdroj:<\/strong> Zamy\u0161len\u00ed pro \u010dernou hodinku. Prof. Kv\u011btoslav \u0160ipr Universita 3. v\u011bku – kurz \u201e\u017div\u00e1 teologie \u2013 spiritu\u00e1ln\u00ed dimenze \u010dlov\u011bka\u201c<\/p>\n P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Stru\u010dnou, <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":292860,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/04\/ram-roraty.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116869"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=116869"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116869\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":292859,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116869\/revisions\/292859"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/292860"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=116869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=116869"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=116869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nOblakov\u00e9 d\u0161t\u011bte Spravedliv\u00e9ho,<\/em>
\nOtev\u0159i se zem\u011b a vydej Spasitele.<\/em>
\nUka\u017e tv\u00e1\u0159 svou nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00ed,<\/em>
\nProlom nebesa a sestup, Mesi\u00e1\u0161i!<\/em><\/p>\n
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