{"id":116779,"date":"2018-12-04T20:37:34","date_gmt":"2018-12-04T19:37:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=116779"},"modified":"2018-12-04T20:37:34","modified_gmt":"2018-12-04T19:37:34","slug":"stara-sumava-svaty-mikulas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=116779","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Svat\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

…Vzduch zachv\u011bl se chladem, brzy padl prvn\u00ed sn\u00edh,<\/em>
\n v\u0161emi d\u011btmi s j\u00e1sotem v\u00edtan\u00fd rok co rok.<\/em>
\n A \u017ee se chumelilo! Pak p\u0159i\u0161el Mikul\u00e1\u0161:<\/em>
\n strach p\u0159ed \u010derty, co se utrhli ze \u0159et\u011bzu,<\/em>
\n \u00fat\u011b\u0161n\u011b sv\u00edt\u00ed v\u0161ak z n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed vst\u0159\u00edc ti obrovsk\u00e1 jedle –<\/em>
\n t\u011bch sv\u011btel! Svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00fd chleb\u00ed\u010dek, su\u0161en\u00e9 hru\u0161ky a \u0161vestky,<\/em>
\n metla cukrlaty ov\u011b\u0161en\u00e1…<\/em><\/h6>\n

Vesni\u010dka zahalen\u00e1 do mrazu a tmy, nehybn\u00e1 a \u010dekaj\u00edc\u00ed. Ve tm\u011b trochu prok\u0159ehle a trochu vzne\u0161en\u011b kr\u00e1\u010d\u00ed Mikul\u00e1\u0161, and\u011bl a \u010dert. V\u0161echna okna ve vsi jsou rozsv\u00edcen\u00e1. Je v nich \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed a pozv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1l. Vstupuj\u00ed k n\u00e1m d\u00e1vn\u00e9 pocity, pro\u017eitky a p\u0159edstavy. A kdy\u017e se za\u010dne stm\u00edvat, \u010dek\u00e1me, jestli zaslechneme zvonek, \u0159et\u011bz, bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se hlasy \u010dert\u016f. N\u011bco n\u00e1s vrac\u00ed do d\u011btstv\u00ed a n\u011bco je\u0161t\u011b mnohem hloub\u011bji k ur\u010dit\u00fdm vrstv\u00e1m z\u00e1\u017eitku d\u00e1vn\u00fdch generac\u00ed. Spojuje n\u00e1s s nimi ritu\u00e1l, spole\u010dn\u00fd pro\u017eitek, v\u011bdom\u00ed plynut\u00ed \u010dasu a jeho opakov\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159ipravme a nala\u010fme sv\u00e9 smysly na jejich p\u0159\u00edchod. Zti\u0161me se sv\u011btlem, tichem, v\u016fn\u00ed, poslechem, sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rou. A mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee n\u00e1m p\u0159inesli spoustu mal\u00fdch d\u00e1re\u010dk\u016f, kter\u00e9 nachystali tak, abychom p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed \u010das spolu mohli pomalounku pro\u017e\u00edt…<\/p>\n

Kdo jde v prvn\u00edch prosincov\u00fdch dnech na\u0161imi ulicemi, ur\u010dit\u011b ho potk\u00e1, toti\u017e svat\u00e9ho Mikul\u00e1\u0161e, ve v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm biskupsk\u00e9m od\u011bvu a jist\u011b nikdy bez dlouh\u00e9ho b\u00edl\u00e9ho vousu, s n\u00edm\u017e se ostatn\u011b zn\u00e1zor\u0148oval u\u017e v 8. stolet\u00ed. V\u00edce m\u00e9n\u011b biskupsk\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 to, co Mikul\u00e1\u0161ov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed a d\u011blaj\u00ed. I kdy\u017e \u010dasto sp\u00ed\u0161e nah\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed d\u011btem strach, ne\u017e aby zp\u0159\u00edtom\u0148ovali sv\u011btcovu l\u00e1sku, o n\u00ed\u017e se vypr\u00e1v\u00ed v \u010detn\u00fdch variac\u00edch jeho legendy. K\u00fdm tento mu\u017e byl ve skute\u010dnosti, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nev\u00edme. P\u0159esto, kdy\u017e naslouch\u00e1me nejstar\u0161\u00edm pramen\u016fm, skrze mlhu minulosti, st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b lze zahl\u00e9dnout z\u00e1\u0159 postavy, kter\u00e1 otev\u00edr\u00e1 dve\u0159e adventu.<\/p>\n

Postava sv. Mikul\u00e1\u0161e, kter\u00fd nos\u00ed hodn\u00fdm d\u011btem d\u00e1rky a zlobiv\u00fdm vy\u010di\u0148uje, existuje v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch u\u017e velice dlouhou dobu a m\u00e1 dlouhou tradici. Oslavy sv\u00e1tku sv. Mikul\u00e1\u0161e byly do \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny d\u00edky n\u011bmeck\u00e9 kolonizaci. Sama obch\u016fzka vznikla z biskupsk\u00fdch her, kter\u00e9 se odehr\u00e1valy v kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Nejstar\u0161\u00ed biskupsk\u00e1 koledn\u00ed hra spojovan\u00e1 s kultem sv. Mikul\u00e1\u0161e byla ludus episcopi puerorum, provozovan\u00e1 ji\u017e ve 13. stolet\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed oby\u010dejov\u00fd jev spojen\u00fd s mikul\u00e1\u0161sk\u00fdm kultem byl naz\u00fdv\u00e1n ryt\u00ed\u0159stvo sv. Mikul\u00e1\u0161e. Jeho pr\u016fb\u011bh je popisov\u00e1n b\u011bhem 15. stolet\u00ed a souvis\u00ed s u\u010diteli a \u017e\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u016fsobili ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch p\u0159i chr\u00e1mech sv. Mikul\u00e1\u0161e. V tento den ryt\u00ed\u0159i ve vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch od\u011bvech proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli s maskou biskupa m\u011bstem.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u011b mikul\u00e1\u0161sk\u00e9 oslavy prob\u00edhaly o sv\u00e1tku Nevi\u0148\u00e1tek, ale b\u011bhem 13. stolet\u00ed byly p\u0159elo\u017eeny na p\u0159edve\u010der 6. prosince. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed doklady o mikul\u00e1\u0161sk\u00e9 nad\u00edlce v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z 16. stolet\u00ed. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed prob\u00edhalo z m\u011bst do venkovsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Ve star\u0161\u00edch pr\u016fvodech nesm\u011bla chyb\u011bt maska kon\u011b, kter\u00e1 symbolizovala patronstv\u00ed sv. Mikul\u00e1\u0161e nad vodami. Koncem 18. stolet\u00ed se v pr\u016fvodu nach\u00e1zelo i n\u011bkolik p\u0159edstavitel\u016f Mikul\u00e1\u0161\u016f za doprovodu masek \u010dert\u016f, and\u011bl\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Mikul\u00e1\u0161! \u0160kol\u00e1ci sp\u011b\u0161n\u011b cupitali v bl\u00e1tiv\u00e9m sn\u011bhu, jen aby u\u017e n\u011bkde doma v koutku mohli od\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vat slova prosebn\u00fdch modlitbi\u010dek a ti\u0161e p\u0159em\u00edtat o v\u011bcech, kter\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b co nevid\u011bt nadejdou, \u010di posl\u00e9ze s nevinn\u00fdm pokrytectv\u00edm, d\u011btem z\u00e1libn\u011b vlastn\u00edm, p\u0159ed rodi\u010di sehr\u00e1t na posledn\u00ed chv\u00edli hodn\u00e9 stvo\u0159en\u00ed, pln\u00e9 pokory a bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u00e9 poslu\u0161nosti. Ve\u010der m\u011bl p\u0159ece p\u0159ij\u00edt svat\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161 a nad\u011blovat podle chov\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho ka\u017ed\u00e9ho a zpr\u00e1vy mat\u010diny bu\u010fto \u010derve\u0148ou\u010dk\u00e1 jablka a o\u0159echy nebo – hr\u016fzn\u00e9 to pomy\u0161len\u00ed! – rukou \u010derta chrast\u00edc\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzy p\u011bknou v\u00fdplatu metlou leckomu, jemu\u017e se bylo d\u016fvodn\u011b j\u00ed co ob\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n

V p\u0159edve\u010der sv\u00e1tku, sed\u011bly d\u011bti ve sv\u011btnici \u010dist\u011b oble\u010deny, u\u010des\u00e1ny a umyty. Ze \u0161koln\u00edch bra\u0161en sta\u010dily je\u0161t\u011b vyndat v\u0161echny potrhan\u00e9 a umazan\u00e9 se\u0161ity a vlo\u017eily tam sp\u00ed\u0161 ty p\u011bkn\u011b v\u00e1zan\u00e9 \u0161koln\u00ed knihy a sn\u011bhob\u00edl\u00e9 dosud p\u00edsanky. Mikul\u00e1\u0161 se objevil s \u010dertem a s and\u011blem. \u010cert byl cel\u00fd \u010dern\u00fd, \u0159in\u010del t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzem a vyr\u00e1\u017eel sv\u00e9 brrr! And\u011bl pom\u00e1hal Mikul\u00e1\u0161i nosit dary, skryt\u00e9 bu\u010f v n\u016f\u0161i na z\u00e1da, v ko\u0161\u00edku p\u0159es ruku \u010di ve velk\u00e9 ko\u017een\u00e9 ta\u0161ce \u010dern\u00e9 barvy, zvan\u00e9 tu n\u00e1\u0159e\u010dn\u011b Moschn. Ka\u017ed\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161 m\u011bl v ruce i b\u0159ezovou metlu. Pon\u011bvad\u017e byla sv\u011bcen\u00e1, m\u011bly ji d\u011bti pol\u00edbit. P\u0159i odchodu podal pak Mikul\u00e1\u0161 metlu mamince, kter\u00e1 ji zastr\u010dila za misn\u00edk u kamen , kde byla cel\u00fd rok po ruce.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Rozum K. – Ze \u017eivota lidu \u010desk\u00e9ho. \u010cesk\u00fd lid, 1902, ro\u010d. 11. s. 120\u2013129. Budweis : Budweis und Stritschitzer Sprachinsel (1979), Katharina Grohmannov\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

…Vzduch zachv\u011bl <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":147415,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/04\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-mikul\u00e1\u0161.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116779"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=116779"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116779\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":147416,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116779\/revisions\/147416"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/147415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=116779"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=116779"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=116779"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}