{"id":116641,"date":"2025-11-30T05:07:31","date_gmt":"2025-11-30T04:07:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=116641"},"modified":"2025-11-30T21:09:50","modified_gmt":"2025-11-30T20:09:50","slug":"prosinec-a-ceske-dejiny-nektere-udalosti-ktere-mely-v-minulosti-zasadni-vyznam-pro-nasi-zemi-a-nas-narod","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=116641","title":{"rendered":"PROSINEC A \u010cESK\u00c9 D\u011aJINY: N\u011bkter\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly v minulosti z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro na\u0161i zemi a n\u00e1\u0161 n\u00e1rod"},"content":{"rendered":"

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P\u0159ipome\u0148me si dal\u0161\u00ed pam\u011btihodn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti z \u010desk\u00e9 historie, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly pro na\u0161i zemi z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam.\u00a0V t\u00e9to souvislosti dod\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br a koment\u00e1\u0159 jednotliv\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete ch\u00e1pat jako autorsky naprosto subjektivn\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

896 \u2013<\/strong> Velkomoravsk\u00e9 poselstvo protestovalo u c\u00edsa\u0159e Arnulfa kv\u016fli poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00fdch dohod t\u00edm, \u017ee c\u00edsa\u0159 podporoval exilovou moravskou politickou opozici. C\u00edsa\u0159 Arnulf n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t p\u0159\u00edmo vojensky napadl Velkomoravskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, proto\u017ee se mu v\u0161ak nepoda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout rozbit\u00ed Velk\u00e9 Moravy touto cestou, u\u017e\u00edval i metody vnitropolitick\u00e9 diverze.<\/p>\n

2. 12. 1805 \u2013<\/strong> Bitva u Slavkova. V \u201ebitv\u011b t\u0159\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f\u201c Napoleon porazil rakousk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e a rusk\u00e9ho cara. Jedna z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bitev napoleonsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek, vrcholn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed Napoleonovy vl\u00e1dy nad Evropou.<\/p>\n

5. 12. 1868 \u2013<\/strong> Zaveden\u00ed nov\u00e9ho brann\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona v Rakousku-Uhersko uz\u00e1konilo t\u00e9\u017e na \u00fazem\u00edch \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed v\u0161eobecnou brannou povinnost v ji\u017e v podstat\u011b modern\u00edm pojet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

6.12. 1774 \u2013<\/strong> Schv\u00e1len\u00ed \u0160koln\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du za vl\u00e1dy Marie Terezie p\u0159ineslo zaveden\u00ed povinn\u00e9 \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky tak\u00e9 na \u00fazem\u00edch \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

7.12. 1476 \u2013<\/strong> M\u00edrov\u00e1 smlouva mezi Vladislavem II. Jagellonsk\u00fdm a uhersk\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem Maty\u00e1\u0161em Korv\u00ednem znamenala do\u010dasn\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, roztr\u017een\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 koruny. Vladislav vl\u00e1dl nad\u00e1le v \u010cech\u00e1ch, zat\u00edmco na Morav\u011b a ve Slezsku p\u0159ipadla vl\u00e1da Maty\u00e1\u0161i Korv\u00ednovi. Spor o p\u0159in\u00e1le\u017eitost Moravy a Slezska do svazku zem\u00ed Koruny \u010desk\u00e9 trval a\u017e do spojen\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho a uhersk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed v osob\u011b jedin\u00e9ho panovn\u00edka Ferdinanda I. Habsbursk\u00e9ho v roce 1526. Uhersk\u00e1 \u0161lechta toti\u017e po Korv\u00ednov\u011b smrti po\u017eadovala na \u010desk\u00e9m panovn\u00edkovi v\u00fdplatu 400.000 zlat\u00fdch za odstoupen\u00ed z n\u00e1rok\u016f uhersk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed na svrchovanost uhersk\u00e9 koruny v tzv. vedlej\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch Koruny \u010desk\u00e9. Dnes to nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159ipom\u00ednan\u00e1 kapitola \u010desk\u00fdch d\u011bjin, ale je pou\u010dn\u00e9, kam a\u017e na dlouh\u00fdch 50 let mohl doj\u00edt tehdej\u0161\u00ed rozvrat \u010desk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu za podm\u00ednky slab\u00e9ho panovn\u00edka, rozbroj\u016f mezi dom\u00e1c\u00edmi politick\u00fdmi elitami a existence siln\u00e9ho souseda.<\/p>\n

9.12. 1437 \u2013<\/strong> Ve Znojm\u011b zem\u0159el c\u00edsa\u0159 a \u010desk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Zikmund Lucembursk\u00fd, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se uzav\u0159ela vl\u00e1da dynastie Lucemburk\u016f v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch.<\/p>\n

12.12. 1943 \u2013<\/strong> Podpis \u010deskoslovensko-sov\u011btsk\u00e9 smlouvy o p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 pomoci a pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci znamenal ve skute\u010dnosti rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed bod strategick\u00e9ho p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky a\u017e do roku 1989.<\/p>\n

15.12. 1230 \u2013<\/strong> Zem\u0159el P\u0159emysl I. Otakar, jeden z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010desk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f v\u016fbec. Z\u00edskal pro svoji osobu a v\u0161echny n\u00e1sledovn\u00edky d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fd titul \u010desk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le; v r\u00e1mci politick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu \u0158\u00ed\u0161e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 jedin\u00fdm suver\u00e9nem s kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdm titulem byl u\u017e jen samotn\u00fd kr\u00e1l \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd (zvolen\u00fd vl\u00e1dce \u0158\u00ed\u0161e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 p\u0159ed c\u00edsa\u0159skou korunovac\u00ed).<\/p>\n

P\u0159emysl I. Otakar za sv\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy dos\u00e1hl konsolidace st\u00e1topr\u00e1vn\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f v \u010desk\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b a vymezen\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti \u010desk\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f v\u016f\u010di \u0158\u00ed\u0161i, kdy\u017e mu budouc\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159 Fridrich II. mimo jin\u00e9 vystavil v roce 1212 listinu Zlatou bulu sicilskou.<\/p>\n

Za jeho vl\u00e1dy byla zakl\u00e1d\u00e1na prvn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed m\u011bsta u n\u00e1s a t\u011bmi \u00fapln\u011b prvn\u00edmi byli na Morav\u011b Brunt\u00e1l a Uni\u010dov (1213 a 1223), v \u010cech\u00e1ch pak Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 (nejstar\u0161\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 privilegium z roku 1225) a Litom\u011b\u0159ice (do roku 1230). D\u00e1le bylo zav\u00e1d\u011bno v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed tehdy nov\u00e9, intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tzv. trojpoln\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a feud\u00e1ln\u00ed forma n\u00e1jmu p\u016fdy tzv. emfyteuse (t\u00e9\u017e pr\u00e1vo z\u00e1kupn\u00ed, \u010di purkrecht), kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavovala progresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob hospoda\u0159en\u00ed a zaji\u0161\u0165ovala placen\u00ed stabiln\u00ed dan\u011b a p\u0159eveden\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny natur\u00e1ln\u00ed renty na pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

16.12. 1740 \u2013<\/strong> Prusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da vpadla do Slezska v r\u00e1mci tzv. v\u00e1lky o d\u011bdictv\u00ed habsbursk\u00e9 a obsadila je. V letech 1740 – 42 a 1744 \u2013 45 svedla Marie Terezie dv\u011b v\u00e1lky o Slezsko, ale u\u017e se j\u00ed ho nepoda\u0159ilo navr\u00e1tit. \u0160lo o nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed trvalou \u00fazemn\u00ed ztr\u00e1tu Koruny \u010desk\u00e9. Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fansk\u00fd m\u00edr 25.12. 1745 ztr\u00e1tu Slezska definitivn\u011b potvrdil.<\/p>\n

18.12. 1935 \u2013<\/strong> Po p\u0159edchoz\u00ed abdikaci prezidenta T.G. Masaryka 14.12. 1935 byl zvolen nov\u00fdm \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdm prezidentem Edvard Bene\u0161.<\/p>\n

19.12. 1959 \u2013<\/strong> Podpis dohody o vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed ropovodu Dru\u017eba. Realizace ropovodu Dru\u017eba m\u00e1 dodnes vliv na strategick\u00e9 ekonomicko-energetick\u00e9 vazby v Evrop\u011b. Dne 3.12. 1964 pak n\u00e1sledovala dohoda o plynovodu ze Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu do \u010ceskoslovenska, kter\u00e1 tento proces zavr\u0161ila.<\/p>\n

21.12. 1834 \u2013<\/strong> Premi\u00e9ra Tylovy hry Fidlova\u010dka aneb \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd hn\u011bv a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 rva\u010dka, ve kter\u00e9 poprv\u00e9 zazn\u011bla p\u00edse\u0148 Kde domov m\u016fj, pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed hymna.<\/p>\n

21.12. 2007 \u2013<\/strong> Je tomu 10 let, kdy \u010cesk\u00e1 republika vstoupila do tzv. schengensk\u00e9ho prostoru, a dos\u00e1hla tak vysn\u011bn\u00e9ho \u201ep\u0159edlistopadov\u00e9ho snu.\u201c Jak\u00e1 je po 10 letech va\u0161e leto\u0161n\u00ed slunovratov\u00e1 bilance tohoto \u00fasp\u011bchu?<\/p>\n

22.12. 2004 \u2013<\/strong> Dom\u016f se vr\u00e1til posledn\u00ed voj\u00e1k vykon\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vojenskou slu\u017ebu v Arm\u00e1d\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/p>\n

23.12. 1467 \u2013<\/strong> Pape\u017e Pavel II. prohl\u00e1sil \u010desk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le Ji\u0159\u00edho z Pod\u011bbrad (1458 \u2013 71) za sesazen\u00e9ho z tr\u016fnu jako kac\u00ed\u0159e. Ale nebylo mu to nic platn\u00e9, Ji\u0159\u00edho pozice doma byla pevn\u00e1. Pou\u010den\u00ed je stejn\u00e9, jako u legendy o Svatoplukov\u00fdch prutech. Pokud budeme sami jednotn\u00ed a siln\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed s\u00edla n\u00e1s neudol\u00e1 (pokud ov\u0161em podstatn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z n\u00e1s zase v ur\u010dit\u00e9 chv\u00edli neup\u0159ednostn\u00ed ban\u00e1ny nad v\u0161\u00edm ostatn\u00edm).<\/p>\n

29.12. 1989 \u2013<\/strong> V. Havel zvolen 9. \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdm prezidentem.<\/p>\n

31.12. 1992<\/strong> \u2013 Posledn\u00ed den existence \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu\u2026<\/p>\n

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ZV\u011aDAVEC<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Foto: Marek NAHODIL \u2013\u00a0www.nahodil.photography<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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