{"id":116554,"date":"2018-11-25T16:21:03","date_gmt":"2018-11-25T15:21:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=116554"},"modified":"2018-11-25T16:21:03","modified_gmt":"2018-11-25T15:21:03","slug":"stara-sumava-kralove-hranic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=116554","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 hranic"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Prot\u00e1hl\u00e9, mohutn\u00e9 lesn\u00ed poho\u0159\u00ed, oded\u00e1vna zvan\u00e9 \u0160umavou, tvo\u0159\u00ed se svou bavorskou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ned\u011bliteln\u00fd celek. Les na \u010desko-bavorsk\u00e9 hranici je po\u0159\u00e1d sam\u00e1 tma. I za dne v n\u011bm pob\u00fdv\u00e1 ta b\u00e1zliv\u00e1 sest\u0159i\u010dka noci: lesn\u00ed \u0161erava. Kdy\u017e potom p\u0159ijde noc p\u0159es hory, sly\u0161\u00ed\u0161 vyt\u00ed vlkodlaka v divo\u010din\u011b a v horsk\u00e9 slati rdous\u00ed z\u00e1ludn\u00fd bahenn\u00ed sk\u0159et jelena, dokud ho chropt\u00edc\u00edho nest\u00e1hne k sob\u011b do hlubin.Tich\u00e9 lesn\u00ed cesty, kde jste z\u016fstaly?<\/span><\/h6>\n

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e1 oblast v p\u0159\u00edhrani\u010d\u00ed m\u011bla sv\u00e9ho \u201ekr\u00e1le hranic\u201c (paschk\u00f6niga). Vypr\u00e1v\u011bly se r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy a legendy o jejich tajn\u00fdch stezk\u00e1ch \u010di p\u0159\u00edhody, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch se jim poda\u0159ilo nachytat finan\u010dn\u00edky. \u010casto se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee prav\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem \u0161umavsk\u00fdch pa\u0161er\u00e1k\u016f byl \u201eTab\u00e1kov\u00fd Petr\u201c (v m\u00edstn\u00edm n\u00e1\u0159e\u010d\u00ed \u201eTowok Pedr\u201c), ale jeho prav\u00e9 jm\u00e9no pr\u00fd vlastn\u011b nikdo neznal. Jeho odchodem z tohoto sv\u011bta v roce 1913 \u00fadajn\u011b skon\u010dila sl\u00e1va \u0161umavsk\u00e9 pa\u0161er\u00e1ck\u00e9 romantiky, kter\u00e1 v\u0161ak b\u00fdvala mnohdy i krut\u00e1 a vy\u017e\u00e1dala si p\u0159i st\u0159etu nejeden lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160umav\u0161t\u00ed horal\u00e9, obyvatel\u00e9 tehdej\u0161\u00edch horsk\u00fdch dvorc\u016f, Tab\u00e1kov\u00e9ho Petra pr\u00fd v\u017edy up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b v\u00edtali a hostili, proto\u017ee i jim p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161el jedno z m\u00e1la pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed ze sousedn\u00edch Bavor. Jeho nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u016fsobi\u0161t\u011bm bylo \u00fadol\u00ed \u0159eky Otavy a\u017e k Su\u0161ici. P\u0159esto byl jako m\u00e1lokdo jin\u00fd podloudn\u00edk ve velk\u00e9m. Daly by se napsat cel\u00e9 knihy o tom, jak\u00fdch kousk\u016f se dopustil. <\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 1784 tab\u00e1kov\u00fd patent Marie Terezie zak\u00e1zal voln\u00fd obchod s tab\u00e1kem a vznikl st\u00e1tn\u00ed monopol na prodej jak\u00e9hokoli druhu tab\u00e1ku v Rakousku a tab\u00e1k se t\u00edmto p\u00e1dem sm\u011bl prod\u00e1vat pouze v trafik\u00e1ch s dvouhlav\u00fdm orlick\u00e9m a pozd\u011bji i s korunovan\u00fdm lv\u00ed\u010dkem.T\u00edmto, na \u00fazem\u00ed koruny \u010desk\u00e9 tab\u00e1k byl p\u0159edm\u011btem st\u00e1tn\u00edho monopolu. Zato v sousedn\u00edm Bavorsku byl lacin\u00fd a voln\u011b prodejn\u00fd. Proto se za\u010dal pa\u0161ovat do \u010cech a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pa\u0161er\u00e1ci se na tento artikl specializovali. <\/span><\/p>\n

Na zalesn\u011bn\u00e9 \u0160umav\u011b, pa\u0161ov\u00e1ni tab\u00e1ku m\u011blo p\u016fvod nejen finan\u010dn\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 kulturn\u011b zvykov\u00fd. Horal\u016fm, hospod\u00e1\u0159\u016fm a obyvatel\u016fm \u0161umavsk\u00fdch horsk\u00fdch dvorc\u016f, pa\u0161ov\u00e1ni p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161elo jedno z m\u00e1la pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed z Bavorsk\u00e1. Byl to “brizil” – droga z tab\u00e1ku, a ten bavorsk\u00fd pro svou divokou p\u0159\u00edchu\u0165 b\u00fdval nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pro \u0161umavsk\u00e9 horaly i skl\u00e1\u0159e byl \u0161\u0148upav\u00fd tab\u00e1k nezbytn\u00fd, proto\u017ee v\u0161ichni v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 k\u00fdchnut\u00ed pro\u010dist\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00ed \u00fastroj\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ve \u0161\u0148up\u00e1n\u00ed byl i kousek furianstv\u00ed a receptury p\u0159\u00edpravy \u0161\u0148upav\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku byly jeho milovn\u00edky st\u0159e\u017eeny jako oko v hlav\u011b. Z\u00e1klad \u0161\u0148upav\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku poch\u00e1zel z Braz\u00edlie (odtud n\u00e1zev \u201ebrisil\u201c \u010di \u201ep\u0159i\u0161il\u201c). Byl vyroben a dopravov\u00e1n ve v\u00e1lcovit\u00fdch, 100 kg (!) rol\u00edch ve form\u011b zkroucen\u00e9ho asi 2,5 cm tlust\u00e9ho provazce. Dal\u0161\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed bylo, \u017ee nebyl prod\u00e1v\u00e1n na v\u00e1hu, ale na d\u00e9lkovou m\u00edru kus provazce (asi 8 cm) za \u0161est\u00e1k.<\/span><\/p>\n

Brizil se nekou\u0159il,ale se \u0161\u0148upal. \u0160\u0148upali \u0161umav\u0161t\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edci, statk\u00e1\u0159i, chasn\u00edci, lesn\u00edci a \u0159emesln\u00edci. P\u0159i setk\u00e1n\u00ed doty\u010dn\u00e9 vym\u011bnili “pikslemi” s brizilem, a ochutnali a pochv\u00e1lili nab\u00eddnut\u00fd tab\u00e1k. Byl to ob\u0159ad a za\u010d\u00ednal rozlo\u017een\u00edm velk\u00e9ho modr\u00e9ho nebo \u010derven\u00e9ho kostkovan\u00e9ho kapesn\u00edku, n\u00e1sledovalo d\u016fkladn\u011b hlasit\u00e9 vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nosu a potom se z piksly nasypal brizl na h\u0159bet ruky a rychle se vt\u00e1hl do nosu. N\u00e1sledkem p\u016fsoben\u00ed bylo hlasit\u00e9 k\u00fdchnut\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

Brizll se nejl\u00e9pe uchov\u00e1val v \u010derven\u00fdch lahvi\u010dk\u00e1ch z rub\u00ednov\u00e9ho skla, oby\u010dejn\u00fd tab\u00e1k \u201ec\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd” v lahvi\u010dk\u00e1ch b\u00edl\u00fdch (v \u010derven\u00fdch rychle vysychal). Lahvi\u010dky na tab\u00e1k byly zdobeny ornamenty, barvami i monogramy majitele \u010di ver\u0161ov\u00e1nkami, je\u017e byly chloubou ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u0161\u0148upaj\u00edc\u00edho. Pa\u0161ovaly v\u0161echny vrstvy obyvatelstva \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v pohrani\u010d\u00ed. Napom\u00e1haly tomu vysok\u00e9 ceny zbo\u017e\u00ed v pohrani\u010d\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s vnitrozem\u00edm, nedokonal\u00e1 dopravn\u00ed infrastruktura, kter\u00e1 br\u00e1nila z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bst a vesnic v pohrani\u010dn\u00edch oblastech, <\/span><\/p>\n

Kontakt s pa\u0161er\u00e1ky zaji\u0161\u0165ovali bu\u010f p\u0159\u00edmo obchodn\u00edci sami, nebo jej zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1vali hospod\u0161t\u00ed. Snad nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u201epa\u0161er\u00e1ck\u00fdm\u201c hospodsk\u00fdm na \u0160umav\u011b byl majitel hospody U pstruha (Zur Forelle) v \u0161umavsk\u00e9 Modrav\u011b \u0161umavsk\u00fd N\u011bmec Gustav Hertz. <\/span><\/p>\n

Hodn\u011b se sem sch\u00e1zeli pytl\u00e1ci a pa\u0161er\u00e1ci. Na harmoniku tu ob\u010das vyhr\u00e1val s\u00e1m pov\u011bstn\u00fd kapeln\u00edk Polata a u d\u017eb\u00e1nku vysed\u00e1val hajn\u00fd Pale\u010dek, zn\u00e1m\u00fd ze \u0161arv\u00e1tek s pytl\u00e1ky. Hertz organizoval obchody \u0161iroko daleko, ale bohu\u017eel je o n\u011bm zn\u00e1mo jenom z bavorsk\u00fdch pramen\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

E. Kr\u00e1snohorsk\u00e1: A tam, kde tato dv\u011b vodn\u00ed ramena se sv\u00edraj\u00ed, obmykaj\u00ed svou n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed mal\u00e9 m\u00edste\u010dko M\u00e1dr. Prav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lesn\u00ed d\u011bdinky nad tuto ani na \u0160umav\u011b nebylo by snadno nal\u00e9zti. Jest to rozb\u011bhl\u00e9 st\u00e1dce ne\u010detn\u00fdch domk\u016f d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch, pod str\u00e1n\u00ed, na str\u00e1ni se tul\u00edc\u00edch, v\u0161e v sam\u00e9m lese skryto, zaplaveno jeho st\u00ednem, jeho v\u016fn\u00ed, sv\u011b\u017e\u00edm podrostem jeho pokraj\u016f.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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Zdroj: GIRTLER R. – Abenteuer Grenze: von Schmugglern und Schmugglerinnen, Ritualen und \u201eheiligen\u201c R\u00e4umen. M\u00fcnster, 2006, s. 299<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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  Prot\u00e1hl\u00e9, <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":146559,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/25\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-kr\u00e1lov\u00e9-hranic.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116554"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=116554"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116554\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":146560,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116554\/revisions\/146560"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/146559"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=116554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=116554"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=116554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}