{"id":116488,"date":"2018-11-30T08:08:00","date_gmt":"2018-11-30T07:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=116488"},"modified":"2018-11-30T08:08:00","modified_gmt":"2018-11-30T07:08:00","slug":"stara-sumava-svatek-svateho-ondreje-a-vyhaneni-vlka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=116488","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho Ond\u0159eje a vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed vlka"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Temn\u00e1 noc na svat\u00e9ho Ond\u0159eje, pln\u00e1 potla\u010dovan\u00fdch d\u00edv\u010d\u00edch p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 od d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee noc sv. Ond\u0159eje m\u00e1 \u010darovnou moc. Tato noc, podobn\u011b jako t\u0159eba svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e1 noc, pat\u0159ila mezi nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed noci b\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho roku. <\/span><\/h6>\n

A \u010demu vlastn\u011b svatoond\u0159ejsk\u00e1 noc vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed za takovou sl\u00e1vu? S nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed to m\u011blo n\u011bco spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s kultem d\u00e9mon\u016f poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho je\u0161t\u011b z pohansk\u00fdch \u010das\u016f. Tito d\u00e9moni podle star\u00fdch legend pr\u00e1v\u011b 30. listopadu vych\u00e1zeli z hlubin zem\u011b, prov\u00e1d\u011bli reje a t\u00edm otev\u00edrali br\u00e1nu studen\u00e9mu a krut\u00e9mu bo\u017estvu zimy a mrazu. Nen\u00ed tedy divu, \u017ee s pomoc\u00ed svat\u00e9ho Ond\u0159eje se lid\u00e9 pokou\u0161eli za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vat zl\u00e9 duchy. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tek tohoto sv\u011btce byl dnem, kdy se prov\u00e1d\u011blo mnoho magick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f a v\u011b\u0161teb. Je\u0161t\u011b v sou\u010dasnosti se najdou lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed si v ten den r\u00e1di trochu zav\u011b\u0161t\u00ed, i kdy\u017e tomu u\u017e samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tolik nev\u011b\u0159\u00ed a nep\u0159ikl\u00e1daj\u00ed tomu takovou v\u00e1hu jako na\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edkov\u00e9. Na v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v den sv. Ond\u0159eje se zkr\u00e1tka dodne\u0161ka nezapomn\u011blo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Svat\u00fd Ond\u0159ej, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 sv\u00e1tek 30. listopadu, je v lidov\u00e9 tradici pova\u017eov\u00e1n za patrona nev\u011bst. V p\u0159edve\u010der se proto vdavekchtiv\u00e9 d\u00edvky r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby pokou\u0161ely poznat sv\u00e9ho vyvolen\u00e9ho. V p\u0159edve\u010der sv\u00e1tku zkou\u0161\u00edvala d\u011bv\u010data, kter\u00e1 se d\u0159\u00edve vd\u00e1 tak, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 vzala kousek chleba, polo\u017eila jej na lopatu a \u010d\u00ed kousek vzal pes jako prvn\u00ed, tu \u010dekala veselka nejd\u0159\u00edve.<\/span><\/p>\n

O p\u016flnoci p\u0159ed svat\u00fdm Ond\u0159ejem d\u011bv\u010data vst\u00e1vala a chodila klepat na kurn\u00edk, \u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc p\u0159itom: \u201eKohoutku, kohoutku, zakokrhej. Mu\u017ee-li dostanu, v\u011bd\u011bt mi dej. Slepi\u010dky vy nechte kokot\u00e1n\u00ed, nekazte mi, nekazte vd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.\u201c<\/em> Ozval-li se kohout, m\u011blo d\u011bv\u010de nad\u011bji, \u017ee se toho roku vd\u00e1. Ozvala-li se d\u0159\u00edve slepice, znamenalo to, \u017ee m\u00e1 d\u011bv\u010de p\u0159ij\u00edt za rok op\u011bt. N\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u00edvky va\u0159ily knedl\u00edky. Vypracovan\u00e9 t\u011bsto se rozd\u011blilo na p\u011bt kousk\u016f a do \u010dty\u0159 se zabalily pap\u00edrky s chlapeck\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny, ten p\u00e1t\u00fd z\u016fstal pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd. Kdy\u017e se daly knedl\u00edky va\u0159it, tak se \u010dekalo, kter\u00fd z nich prvn\u00ed vyplave nahoru. Po roz\u0159\u00edznut\u00ed si pak d\u00edvka bu\u010f p\u0159e\u010detla jm\u00e9no chlapce – budouc\u00edho \u017eenicha, nebo na\u0161la pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd pap\u00edrek, kter\u00fd zna\u010dil, \u017ee je svatba v nedohlednu. <\/span><\/p>\n

Se svat\u00fdm Ond\u0159ejem je v lidov\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e spojov\u00e1no v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed budoucnosti i s ml\u00e1denci. T\u0159\u00e1slo se stromem, v\u011b\u0161tilo se z chov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1by, kterou zahrabali do mraveni\u0161t\u011b. O p\u016flnoci p\u0159ed sv\u00e1tkem se klepalo na kurn\u00edk, hledal se obraz nast\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho ve studni, d\u00ed\u017ei i kom\u00edn\u011b. V\u011b\u0161tit budoucnost si ale m\u016f\u017eeme i sami. Pod hrnky dnem vzh\u016fru ulo\u017e\u00edme hl\u00ednu, h\u0159eben, chl\u00e9b, prsten. Pak je prom\u00edch\u00e1me, jeden z nich si vybereme a z toho, co je pod n\u00edm, vy\u010dteme budoucnost. Hl\u00edna znamen\u00e1 smrt, h\u0159eben nemoc, chl\u00e9b bohatstv\u00ed a prsten vdavky. <\/span><\/p>\n

Na podzim je ml\u00e1deneck\u00fdm oby\u010dejem vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed vlka na svat\u00e9ho Ond\u0159eje (Wolfauslassen). To se ve skupin\u00e1ch kradou od domu k domu, bij\u00ed bi\u010di\u0161ti na vrata, zvon\u00ed a k\u0159i\u010d\u00ed “D’ Wulfn hant do” (vlci jsou tu”). Jde asi o starobylou nar\u00e1\u017eku na n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed v\u00edru v prom\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed se ve zv\u00ed\u0159ata, kter\u00e1 \u010dasto spl\u00fdv\u00e1 vjedno se zvykov\u00fdm projevem pospolitosti. Pak pr\u00e1skaj\u00ed mocn\u011b sv\u00fdmi bi\u010di a trop\u00ed hluk v\u0161emi zvony a zvonky k tomu vhodn\u00fdmi. <\/span><\/p>\n

Tradice poch\u00e1z\u00ed z doby, kdy past\u00fd\u0159i dobytka na horsk\u00fdch louk\u00e1ch a pastvin\u00e1ch na \u0160umav\u011b museli chr\u00e1nit svoje zv\u00ed\u0159ata p\u0159ed medv\u011bdy a vlky. Star\u00fd z\u00e1znam z m\u00edstn\u00ed kroniky: Mezi ty origin\u00e1ln\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed posledn\u00ed vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed vlk\u016f v roce 1927. Prov\u00e1d\u011blo se na den sv. Ond\u0159eje 30. listopadu. \u201ePoln\u00ed hl\u00edda\u010di t\u00e1hli o prvn\u00ed ve\u010dern\u00ed hodin\u011b vesnic\u00ed a pr\u00e1sk\u00e1n\u00edm bi\u010d\u016f a trouben\u00edm na trubky d\u011blali velk\u00fd krav\u00e1l. Tento zvyk poch\u00e1zel asi z dob, kdy na \u0160umav\u011b byli je\u0161t\u011b vlci. \u010cetn\u00edci nem\u011bli ale pro takov\u00e9 zdom\u00e1cn\u011bl\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 zvyky pochopen\u00ed. Tak bylo v roce 1927 \u0161est poln\u00edch hl\u00edda\u010d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed vlk\u016f z\u00fa\u010dastnili, ud\u00e1no pro ru\u0161en\u00ed no\u010dn\u00edho klidu a od okresn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu byli potrest\u00e1ni ka\u017ed\u00fd pokutou ve v\u00fd\u0161i 30 K\u010d,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btlil konec jedn\u00e9 \u0161umavsk\u00e9 tradice kronik\u00e1\u0159.<\/span><\/p>\n


\nZdroj: Odkaz lidov\u00e9 kultury, Kronika obce \u010cern\u00e1 v Po\u0161umav\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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