{"id":115853,"date":"2018-11-23T08:58:51","date_gmt":"2018-11-23T07:58:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=115853"},"modified":"2018-11-23T09:00:14","modified_gmt":"2018-11-23T08:00:14","slug":"stara-sumava-svatek-svate-kateriny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=115853","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9 Kate\u0159iny otev\u00edr\u00e1 temn\u00e9 a tajemn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, kdy jsou noci nejdel\u0161\u00ed, dny nejkrat\u0161\u00ed a \u010darod\u011bjn\u00e9 s\u00edly maj\u00ed obrovskou moc"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Listopad byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za magick\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc, d\u00edky sychrav\u00e9mu pochmurn\u00e9mu po\u010das\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro setk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed s mrtv\u00fdmi a v\u0161elijak\u00e9 kouzlen\u00ed a v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina otev\u00edr\u00e1 temn\u00e9 a tajemn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, kdy jsou noci nejdel\u0161\u00ed, dny nejkrat\u0161\u00ed a \u010darod\u011bjn\u00e9 s\u00edly maj\u00ed obrovskou moc.<\/h6>\n

V tyto dny je mo\u017en\u00e9 zahl\u00e9dnout zbloudil\u00e9 du\u0161e, ale tak\u00e9 je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed o\u010darov\u00e1n\u00ed zl\u00fdmi silami, kter\u00e9 jsou v tomto obdob\u00ed na vrcholu. Je pot\u0159eba se p\u0159ed nimi chr\u00e1nit. Siln\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 moc je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1na \u010desneku \u2013 na svatou Kate\u0159inu proto bylo zvykem malovat na dve\u0159e strou\u017ekem \u010desneku k\u0159\u00ed\u017e. Tak\u00e9 se v tomto obdob\u00ed va\u0159ily \u010desnekov\u00e9 pokrmy, na ochranu p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi s\u00edlami.<\/p>\n

D\u00edvky a \u017eeny s kr\u00e1sn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem Kate\u0159ina slav\u00ed sv\u00e1tek 25. listopadu, tedy na svatou Kate\u0159inu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina b\u00fdvala pro na\u0161e p\u0159edky v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm dnem pln\u00fdm radostn\u00fdch spole\u010densk\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed. Sv\u00e1tek sv. Kate\u0159iny b\u00fdval je\u0161t\u011b ned\u00e1vno ve znamen\u00ed tane\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1bav, zvan\u00fdch kate\u0159insk\u00e9, p\u0159i nich\u017e m\u011bly p\u0159ednost \u017eeny. \u017densk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo znamenalo, \u017ee o celou organizaci, ob\u010derstven\u00ed i n\u00e1jem hudby se staraly \u017eeny, samy si tak\u00e9 vyb\u00edraly tane\u010dn\u00edky a partnery. A to cel\u00fd den a celou noc a\u017e do r\u00e1na, kdy se v\u0161e vracelo do obvykl\u00fdch kolej\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kate\u0159insk\u00e9 z\u00e1bavy a plesy b\u00fdvaly v roce posledn\u00ed, proto\u017ee za n\u011bkolik dn\u016f za\u010d\u00ednal advent, doba p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fstu, kdy se podobn\u00e9 akce nemohly konat. A tak si lid\u00e9 cht\u011bli je\u0161t\u011b naposled u\u017e\u00edt zp\u011bvu tance a z\u00e1bavy. Kdysi se den sv. Kate\u0159iny oslavoval je\u0161t\u011b rozpustileji, s obch\u016fzkami v mask\u00e1ch, divadeln\u00edmi sc\u00e9nkami, n\u011bkde i nad\u00edlkou. I v nich hr\u00e1ly \u017eeny hlavn\u00ed roli.<\/p>\n

Tento den se tak\u00e9 vypl\u00e1cela mzda d\u011bve\u010dk\u00e1m a tyto mohly p\u0159ej\u00edt k jin\u00e9mu zam\u011bstnavateli. K t\u00e9to tradici kate\u0159insk\u00fdch z\u00e1bav se v\u00e1\u017ee r\u010den\u00ed – svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina zav\u0159ela housle do kom\u00edna – tedy Kate\u0159inou skon\u010dila z\u00e1bava. N\u011bkde se posledn\u00ed z\u00e1bava ve stylu kate\u0159insk\u00fdch konala ji\u017e na Svatou Cec\u00edlii – 22. listopadu.<\/p>\n

S legendou o sv. Kate\u0159in\u011b souvis\u00ed z\u00e1kaz pr\u00e1ce o jej\u00edm sv\u00e1tku se v\u0161\u00edm, co m\u011bla kola, a\u0165 u\u017e to byl ml\u00fdn, povoz \u010di kolovrat. T\u00fdkalo se to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i p\u0159adlen, kter\u00e9 tak m\u011bly v\u00edc \u010dasu na p\u0159\u00edpravu tane\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1bav. \u010c\u00edm v\u00fd\u0161e se p\u0159i tanci vyskakovalo, t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u011bl b\u00fdt nap\u0159esrok len, tak\u017ee oslavy to byly opravdu bujar\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed tane\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1bava p\u0159ed adventn\u00edm p\u016fstem b\u00fdvala hodn\u011b vesel\u00e1. B\u00fdvalo zvykem, \u017ee se p\u0159i t\u00e9to z\u00e1bav\u011b tane\u010dnice symbolicky lou\u010dily se sv\u00fdm partnerem, a to v\u011bt\u0161inou mal\u00fdm d\u00e1rkem. Mohla to b\u00fdt kv\u011btina, zdoben\u00e9 pe\u010divo anebo speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pe\u010divo zvan\u00e9 vrko\u010d. Jeho z\u00e1kladem bylo t\u011bsto a na n\u011bm r\u016fzn\u00e1 velk\u00e1 a slo\u017eit\u00e1 konstrukce z d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch \u0161pejl\u00ed s nav\u011b\u0161en\u00fdmi sladkostmi, rozinkami, su\u0161en\u00fdm ovocem a dal\u0161\u00edmi ozdobami.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00fd vrko\u010d, ale mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nazdoben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, dost\u00e1vala v pr\u016fb\u011bhu masopustu jako odm\u011bnu p\u0159i ukon\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1stek nejlep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159adlena. Vrchnosti se toti\u017e nel\u00edbilo, \u017ee lid\u00e9 slav\u00ed jedno posv\u00edcen\u00ed za druh\u00fdm a zapom\u00ednaj\u00ed p\u0159i tom na pr\u00e1ci. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Josef II. vydal na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o jednom povolen\u00e9m posv\u00edcen\u00ed, a to c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9m. Lid\u00e9 si z toho v\u0161ak moc ned\u011blali, toto posv\u00edcen\u00ed poslu\u0161n\u011b slavili, ale s n\u00edm i ta dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 a vzd\u011blan\u00e9 mu\u010dednici byl popul\u00e1rn\u00ed ve st\u0159edov\u011bku. Sv. Kate\u0159ina byla jako patronka v oblib\u011b zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v dob\u00e1ch k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00fdch ta\u017een\u00ed do Svat\u00e9 zem\u011b. V ryt\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b pat\u0159ila k p\u0159edn\u00edm sv\u011btic\u00edm hned za Pannou Mari\u00ed. Velmi si j\u00ed obl\u00edbil tak\u00e9 Karel IV; kter\u00fd j\u00ed dokonce na Karl\u0161tejn\u011b nechal postavit kapli se st\u011bnami vykl\u00e1dan\u00fdmi drah\u00fdmi kameny. D\u00edky v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 diskuzi s pades\u00e1ti pohansk\u00fdmi filozofy, kter\u00e9 obr\u00e1tila na k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, se Kate\u0159ina stala ochr\u00e1nkyn\u00ed u\u010denc\u016f a student\u016f. \u0158ada univerzit a knihoven si ji zvolila za patronku. Ji\u017e od st\u0159edov\u011bku je nap\u0159\u00edklad patronkou filozofie na pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 Sorbonn\u011b, pr\u00e1v\u011b jako na Univerzit\u011b Karlov\u011b v Praze. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je ochr\u00e1nkyn\u00ed panensk\u00e9 \u010distoty jepti\u0161ek i ostatn\u00edch \u017een, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v Anglii, Francii a Belgii.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho je Kate\u0159ina patronkou p\u0159adlen, kol\u00e1\u0159\u016f a vozk\u016f, brusi\u010d\u016f n\u016f\u017eek, knihtiska\u0159\u016f a mlyn\u00e1\u0159\u016f, n\u011bkde ji uct\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 holi\u010di a chirurgov\u00e9. V\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto profes\u00ed zach\u00e1z\u00ed s n\u00e1stroji, kter\u00e9 jsou symboly jej\u00edho mu\u010den\u00ed – s kolem a me\u010dem.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: \u010cesk\u00e9 zvyky a oby\u010deje – Alena Vondru\u0161kov\u00e1, \u010cesk\u00e9 tradice<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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